Articles | Volume 5, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-351-2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-351-2019
Short communication
 | 
10 Dec 2019
Short communication |  | 10 Dec 2019

Base cations in the soil bank: non-exchangeable pools may sustain centuries of net loss to forestry and leaching

Nicholas P. Rosenstock, Johan Stendahl, Gregory van der Heijden, Lars Lundin, Eric McGivney, Kevin Bishop, and Stefan Löfgren

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Cited articles

Achat, D. L., Deleuze, C., Landmann, G., Pousse, N., Ranger, J., and Augusto, L.: Quantifying consequences of removing harvesting residues on forest soils and tree-growth – a meta-analysis, Forest Ecol. Manag., 348, 124–141, 2015. 
Agemian, H. and Chau, A. S. Y.: Evaluation of Extraction Techniques for the Determination of Metals in Aquatic Sediments, The Analyst, 101, 761–767, 1976. 
Aherne, J., Posch, M., Forsius, M., Lehtonen, A., and Härkönen, K.: Impacts of forest biomass removal on soil nutrient status under climate change: a catchment-based modelling study for Finland, Biogeochemistry, 107, 471–488, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9569-4, 2012. 
Akselsson, C. and Belyazid, S.: Critical biomass harvesting – Applying a new concept for Swedish forest soils, Forest Ecol. Manag., 409, 67–73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.11.020, 2018. 
Akselsson, C., Westling, O., Sverdrup, H., Holmqvist, J., Thelin, G., Uggla, E., and Malm, G.: Impact of harvest intensity on long-term base cation budgets in Swedish forest soils, Water Air Soil Pollut. Focus, 7, 201–210, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11267-006-9106-6, 2007a. 
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Biofuel harvests from forests involve large removals of available nutrients, necessitating accurate measurements of soil nutrient stocks. We found that dilute hydrochloric acid extractions from soils released far more Ca, Na, and K than classical salt–extracted exchangeable nutrient pools. The size of these acid–extractable pools may indicate that forest ecosystems could sustain greater biomass extractions of Ca, Mg, and K than are predicted from salt–extracted exchangeable base cation pools.
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