This study reviews how remote sensing is used to monitor forest soil degradation after disturbance. It shows that remote sensing works best when wildfire or harvesting create visible surface change, while monitoring subsurface soil degradation still requires field measurement. Satellite data support large‑scale screening, and laser scanning and photogrammetry detect localized machinery impacts. These findings clarify realistic uses of remote sensing for forest soil monitoring and reporting.

To improve understanding of how coffee farming affects soil carbon storage, we reviewed 80 studies and found large differences in methods and reporting. Based on this evidence, we propose clear guidance for future research, including better study design, deeper soil sampling, careful measurement of soil density, and transparent reporting. Stronger and more consistent methods are needed so that research can produce reliable evidence to guide climate policy and sustainable coffee management.

Improving soil hydraulic properties by incorporating and mulching crop residues is a widely used management strategy. In this study, we show that the benefits in water retention were stronger with higher residue amounts but faded as the residues decomposed, especially for the fast‑decaying shoots. Taking into account the temporal dynamics of biodegradation and crop residue quality is particularly important for water simulations in soil-crop-atmosphere models.