SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
The following lists only preprints without a corresponding final revised paper.
07 Nov 2024
Overcoming barriers in long-term, continuous monitoring of soil CO2 flux: A low-cost sensor system
Thi Thuc Nguyen, Nadav Bekin, Ariel Altman, Martin Maier, Nurit Agam, and Elad Levintal
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3156,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3156, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary
05 Nov 2024
Exploring the link between cation exchange capacity and magnetic susceptibility
Gaston Matias Mendoza Veirana, Hana Grison, Jeroen Verhegge, Wim Cornelis, and Philippe De Smedt
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3306,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3306, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary
22 Oct 2024
Pooled Error Variance and Covariance Estimation of Sparse In Situ Soil Moisture Sensor Measurements in Agricultural Fields in Flanders
Marit G. A. Hendrickx, Jan Vanderborght, Pieter Janssens, Sander Bombeke, Evi Matthyssen, Anne Waverijn, and Jan Diels
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2943,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2943, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: open, 1 comment)
Short summary
17 Oct 2024
Managing Soil Nitrogen Surplus: The Role of Winter Cover Crops in N2O Emissions and Carbon Sequestration
Victoria Nasser, René Dechow, Mirjam Helfrich, Ana Meijide, Pauline Sophie Rummel, Heinz-Josef Koch, Reiner Ruser, Lisa Essich, and Klaus Dittert
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2849,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2849, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary
14 Oct 2024
A quantitative assessment of the behavior of metallic elements in urban soils exposed to industrial dusts near Dunkirk (Northern France)
Marine Casetta, Sylvie Philippe, Lucie Courcot, David Dumoulin, Gabriel Billon, François Baudin, Françoise Henry, Michaël Hermoso, and Jacinthe Caillaud
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1875,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1875, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: open, 1 comment)
Short summary
11 Oct 2024
Modeling of greenhouse gas emissions from paludiculture in rewetting peatlands is improved by high frequency water table data
Andres F. Rodriguez, Johannes W. M. Pullens, Jesper R. Christiansen, Klaus S. Larsen, and Poul E. Lærke
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3030,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3030, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary
10 Oct 2024
Methane oxidation potential of soils in a rubber plantation in Thailand affected by fertilization
Jun Murase, Kannika Sajjaphan, Chatprawee Dechjiraratthanasiri, Ornuma Duangngam, Rawiwan Chotiphan, Wutthida Rattanapichai, Wakana Azuma, Makoto Shibata, Poonpipope Kasemsap, and Daniel Epron
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2937,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2937, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: open, 1 comment)
Short summary
10 Oct 2024
Assessing soil fertilization effects using time-lapse electromagnetic induction
Manuela S. Kaufmann, Anja Klotzsche, Jan van der Kruk, Anke Langen, Harry Vereecken, and Lutz Weihermüller
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2889,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2889, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: open, 1 comment)
Short summary
07 Oct 2024
Operationalizing fine-scale soil property mapping with spectroscopy and spatial machine learning
Thorsten Behrens, Karsten Schmidt, Felix Stumpf, Simon Tutsch, Marie Hertzog, Urs Grob, Armin Keller, and Raphael Viscarra Rossel
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2810,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2810, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 2 comments)
Short summary
30 Sep 2024
Cultivation reduces quantities of mineral-organic associations in the form of amorphous coprecipitates
Floriane Jamoteau, Emmanuel Doelsch, Nithavong Cam, Clément Levard, Thierry Woignier, Adrien Boulineau, François Saint-Antonin, Sufal Swaraj, Ghislain Gassier, Adrien Duvivier, Daniel Borschneck, Marie-Laure Pons, Perrine Chaurand, Vladimir Vidal, Nicolas Brouilly, and Isabelle Basile-Doelsch
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2933,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2933, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 2 comments)
Short summary
30 Sep 2024
Cr(VI) reduction, electricity production, and microbial resistance variation in paddy soil under microbial fuel cell operation
Huan Niu, Xia Luo, Peihan Li, Hang Qiu, Liyue Jiang, Subati Maimaitiaili, Minghui Wu, Fei Xu, Heng Xu, and Can Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2771,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2771, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: open, 2 comments)
Short summary
26 Sep 2024
Benchmarking soil multifunctionality
E. R. Jasper Wubs
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2851,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2851, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: open, 4 comments)
Short summary
18 Sep 2024
Effects of moss restoration on soil erosion and soil water content in a temperate vineyard
Corinna Gall, Silvana Oldenburg, Martin Nebel, Thomas Scholten, and Steffen Seitz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2504,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2504, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 2 comments)
Short summary
12 Sep 2024
Using 3D observations with high spatio-temporal resolution to calibrate and evaluate a process-focused cellular automaton model of soil erosion by water
Anette Eltner, David Favis-Mortlock, Oliver Grothum, Martin Neumann, Tomas Laburda, and Petr Kavka
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2648,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2648, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
Short summary
28 Aug 2024
Status and influential factors of soil nutrients and acidification in Chinese tea plantations
Dan Wang, Fei Li, Benjuan Liu, Zhihui Wang, Jianfeng Hou, Rui Cao, Yuqian Zheng, and Wanqin Yang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2498,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2498, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
Short summary
22 Aug 2024
Organic Pollutant Oxidation on Manganese Oxides in Soils – The Role of Calcite Indicated by Geoelectrical and Chemical Analyses
Sonya Sara Altzitser, Yael Golda Mishael, and Nimrod Schwartz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2101,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2101, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
Short summary
06 Aug 2024
Mapping near real-time soil moisture dynamics over Tasmania with transfer learning
Marliana Tri Widyastuti, José Padarian, Budiman Minasny, Mathew Webb, Muh Taufik, and Darren Kidd
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2253,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2253, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
Short summary
05 Aug 2024
Closing the phenotyping gap with non-invasive belowground field phenotyping
Guillaume Blanchy, Waldo Deroo, Tom De Swaef, Peter Lootens, Paul Quataert, Isabel Roldán-Ruíz, and Sarah Garré
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2082,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2082, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for SOIL (discussion: final response, 7 comments)
Short summary
02 Aug 2024
Gradual drying of permafrost peat decreases carbon dioxide in drier peat plateaus but not in wetter fens and bogs
Aelis Spiller, Cynthia M. Kallenbach, Melanie S. Burnett, David Olefeldt, Christopher Schulze, Roxane Maranger, and Peter M. J. Douglas
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2248,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2248, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: open, 1 comment)
Short summary
18 Jul 2024
Isotopic exchangeability reveals that soil phosphate is mobilised by carboxylate anions whereas acidification had the reverse effect
Siobhan Staunton and Chiara Pistocchi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1791,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1791, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: open, 2 comments)
Short summary
16 Jul 2024
Conquering Soil Acidification: The Synergistic Effects of Basalt Powder, Lime, and PAM
Qianmei Zhang, Xiuhong Peng, and Hongxia Zhu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1870,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1870, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 11 comments)
Short summary
15 Jul 2024
Soil is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change
Peter Martin Kopittke, Ram C. Dalal, Brigid A. McKenna, Pete Smith, Peng Wang, Zhe Weng, Frederik J. T. van der Bom, and Neal W. Menzies
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1782,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1782, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for SOIL (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
Short summary
08 Jul 2024
Freeze-thaw processes correspond to the protection-loss of soil organic carbon through regulating pore structure of aggregates in alpine ecosystems
Ruizhe Wang and Xia Hu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1833,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1833, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for SOIL (discussion: final response, 6 comments)
Short summary
04 Jul 2024
Electromagnetic and DC-current geophysics for soil compaction assessment
Alberto Carrera, Luca Peruzzo, Matteo Longo, Giorgio Cassiani, and Francesco Morari
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1587,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1587, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 6 comments)
Short summary
11 Jun 2024
Effect of colloidal particle size on physicochemical properties and aggregation behaviors of two alkaline soils
Yuyang Yan, Xinran Zhang, Chenyang Xu, Junjun Liu, Feinan Hu, and Zengchao Geng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1266,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1266, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for SOIL (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
Short summary
27 May 2024
Depth-dependence of soil organic carbon additional storage capacity in different soil types by the 2050 target for carbon neutrality
Clémentine Chirol, Geoffroy Séré, Paul-Olivier Redon, Claire Chenu, and Delphine Derrien
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1284,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1284, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
Short summary
24 May 2024
Large errors in common soil carbon measurements due to sample processing
Rebecca J. Even, Megan B. Machmuller, Jocelyn M. Lavallee, Tamara J. Zelikova, and M. Francesca Cotrufo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1470,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1470, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for SOIL (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
Short summary
22 May 2024
Mixed signals: interpreting mixing patterns of different soil bioturbation processes through luminescence and numerical modelling
W. Marijn van der Meij, Svenja Riedesel, and Tony Reimann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1466,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1466, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for SOIL (discussion: final response, 7 comments)
Short summary
06 May 2024
Biochar reduces early-stage mineralization rates of plant residues more in coarse than fine-texture soils – an artificial soil approach
Thiago M. Inagaki, Simon Weldon, Franziska B. Bucka, Eva Farkas, and Daniel P. Rasse
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1143,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1143, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
Short summary
06 May 2024
Soil contamination in arid environments and assessment of remediation applying surface evaporation capacitor model; a case study from the Judean Desert, Israel
Rotem Golan, Ittai Gavrieli, Roee Katzir, Galit Sharabi, and Uri Nachshon
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1014,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1014, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 5 comments)
Short summary
30 Apr 2024
Carbon balance and emissions of methane and nitrous oxide during four years of moderate rewetting of a cultivated peat soil site
Kristiina Lång, Henri Honkanen, Jaakko Heikkinen, Sanna Saarnio, Tuula Larmola, and Hanna Kekkonen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-934,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-934, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for SOIL (discussion: final response, 8 comments)
Short summary
16 Apr 2024
Complexity of nutrient enrichment on subarctic peatland soil CO2 and CH4 production under increasing wildfire and permafrost thaw
Eunji Byun, Fereidoun Rezanezhad, Stephanie Slowinski, Christina Lam, Saraswati Saraswati, Stephanie Wright, William L. Quinton, Kara L. Webster, and Philippe Van Cappellen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1047,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1047, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 9 comments)
Short summary
11 Apr 2024
Measurement of greenhouse gas fluxes in agricultural soils with a flexible, open-design automated system
Samuel Franco-Luesma, María Alonso-Ayuso, Benjamin Wolf, Borja Latorre, and Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-804,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-804, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
Short summary
09 Apr 2024
Comprehensive increase in CO2 release by drying-rewetting cycles among Japanese forests and pastureland soils and exploring predictors of increasing magnitude
Yuri Suzuki, Syuntaro Hiradate, Jun Koarashi, Mariko Atarashi-Andoh, Takumi Yomogida, Yuki Kanda, and Hirohiko Nagano
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-419,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-419, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 6 comments)
Short summary
02 Apr 2024
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of soil respiration in a bare-soil Mediterranean olive grove
Sergio Aranda-Barranco, Penélope Serrano-Ortiz, Andrew S. Kowalski, and Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-848,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-848, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 6 comments)
Short summary
26 Mar 2024
Interactions of fertilisation and crop productivity on soil nitrogen cycle microbiome and gas emissions
Laura Kuusemets, Ülo Mander, Jordi Escuer-Gatius, Alar Astover, Karin Kauer, Kaido Soosaar, and Mikk Espenberg
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-593,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-593, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for SOIL (discussion: final response, 6 comments)
Short summary
25 Mar 2024
Modelling of post-monsoon drying in Nepal: implications for landslide hazard
Maximillian Van Wyk de Vries, Sihan Li, Katherine Arrell, Jeevan Baniya, Dipak Basnet, Gopi K. Basyal, Nyima Dorjee Bhotia, Alexander L. Densmore, Tek Bahadur Dong, Alexandre Dunant, Erin L. Harvey, Ganesh K. Jimee, Mark E. Kincey, Katie Oven, Sarmila Paudyal, Dammar Singh Pujara, Anuradha Puri, Ram Shrestha, Nick J. Rosser, and Simon J. Dadson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-397,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-397, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
Short summary
11 Mar 2024
Impacts of soil storage on microbial parameters
Nathalie Fromin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-411,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-411, 2024
Preprint under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
Short summary
04 Mar 2024
The effect of groundwater depth on topsoil organic matter mineralization during a simulated dry summer in North-West Europe
Astrid Françoys, Orly Mendoza, Junwei Hu, Pascal Boeckx, Wim Cornelis, Stefaan De Neve, and Steven Sleutel
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-559,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-559, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 6 comments)
Short summary
12 Feb 2024
Trapnell's Upper Valley Soils of Zambia: the production of an integrated understanding of geomorphology, pedology, ecology and land use
Nalumino L. Namwanyi, Maurice J. Hutton, Ikabongo Mukumbuta, Lydia M. Chabala, Clarence Chongo, Stalin Sichinga, and R. Murray Lark
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-315,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-315, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for SOIL (discussion: final response, 17 comments)
Short summary
30 Jan 2024
Soil organic carbon mineralization is controlled by the application dose of exogenous organic matter
Orly Mendoza, Stefaan De Neve, Heleen Deroo, Haichao Li, Astrid Françoys, and Steven Sleutel
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-107,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-107, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
Short summary
22 Dec 2023
Use of soil respiration measurements and RothC modelling show effects of catch crops and precision and traditional agriculture on productivity and soil organic carbon dynamics in a 5 year study in Mediterranean climate
Enrico Balugani, Alessia Castellucci, Matteo Ruggeri, Pierluigi Meriggi, Benedetta Volta, and Diego Marazza
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2966,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2966, 2023
Revised manuscript under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 5 comments)
Short summary
29 Nov 2023
Spatial and temporal variability in soil and vegetation carbon dynamics under experimental drought and soil amendments
Daniela Guasconi, Sara Cousins, Stefano Manzoni, Nina Roth, and Gustaf Hugelius
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2673,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2673, 2023
Revised manuscript under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 8 comments)
Short summary
14 Nov 2023
Comment on: “Back to the future? Conservative grassland management can preserve soil health in the changing landscapes of Uruguay” On the risks of good intentions and poor evidence
José Paruelo, Luis Lopez-Marsico, Pablo Baldassini, Felipe Lezama, Bruno Bazzoni, Luciana Staiano, Agustín Nuñez, Anaclara Guido, Cecilia Ríos, Andrea Tommasino, Federico Gallego, Fabiana Pezzani, Gonzalo Camba Sans, Andrés Quincke, Santiago Baeza, Gervasio Piñeiro, and Walter Baethgen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2023, 2023
Revised manuscript under review for SOIL (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
Short summary
09 Jun 2022
Weathering intensities in tropical soils evaluated by machine learning, clusterization and geophysical sensors
Danilo César de Mello, Tiago Osório Ferreira, Gustavo Vieira Veloso, Marcos Guedes de Lana, Fellipe Alcantara de Oliveira Mello, Luis Augusto Di Loreto Di Raimo, Diego Ribeiro Oquendo Cabrero, José João Lelis Leal de Souza, Elpídio Inácio Fernandes-Filho, Márcio Rocha Francelino, Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud Schaefer, and José A. M. Demattê
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2022-17,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2022-17, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 10 comments)
Short summary
28 Jan 2022
Meso- and microplastic distribution and spatial connections to heavy metal contaminations in highly cultivated and urbanised floodplain soilscapes – a case study from the Nidda River (Germany)
Collin J. Weber, Christian Opp, Julia A. Prume, Martin Koch, and Peter Chifflard
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2022-1,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2022-1, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 7 comments)
Short summary
27 Jan 2022
Stronger microbial nutrient limitations in subsoil along the precipitation gradient of agroecosystem: Insights from soil enzyme activity and stoichiometry
Jingjing Yang, Pingting Guan, Peng Zhang, Yunga Wu, Deli Wang, and Donghui Wu
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-140,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-140, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments)
Short summary
03 Dec 2021
Dynamic and migration characteristics of soil free amino acids during the whole growth period of rice after application of milk vetch
Jing Yang, Yi Lin, Christopher Rensing, Liming Zhang, Biqing Zhou, Shihe Xing, and Wenhao Yang
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-130,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-130, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
30 Nov 2021
Combined application of animal manure and straw benefit soil fauna community in dryland farming
Ling Sun and Jinggui Wu
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-132,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-132, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 9 comments)
Short summary
24 Nov 2021
Migration behavior of benzobicyclon hydrolysate and associated influencing factors in different agricultural soils
Lang Liu, Lei Rao, Wenwen Zhou, Limei Tang, and Baotong Li
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-125,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-125, 2021
Publication in SOIL not foreseen (discussion: closed, 5 comments)
Short summary
10 Nov 2021
The distribution of phosphorus from recycled fertilizers to different soil fractions determines the phosphorus availability in soil
Yuan Wang, Wei Zhang, Torsten Müller, Prakash Lakshmanan, Yu Liu, Tao Liang, Lin Wang, Huaiyu Yang, and Xinping Chen
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-127,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-127, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 7 comments)
Short summary
10 Nov 2021
Microbial soil characteristics of grassland and arable soils linked to thermogravimetry data: correlations, use and limits
Helena Doležalová-Weissmannová, Stanislav Malý, Martin Brtnický, Jiří Holátko, Michael Scott Demyan, Christian Siewert, David Tokarski, Eliška Kameníková, and Jiří Kučerík
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-109,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-109, 2021
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
30 Sep 2021
Additional soil organic carbon storage potential in global croplands
José Padarian, Budiman Minasny, Alex B. McBratney, and Pete Smith
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-73,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-73, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 6 comments)
Short summary
01 Sep 2021
The response of desert biocrust bacterial communities to hydration-desiccation cycles
Capucine Baubin, Noya Ran, Hagar Siebner, and Osnat Gillor
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-88,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-88, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
30 Aug 2021
Prediction of the vertical scaling of soil organic carbon in temperate forest soils using percolation theory
Fang Yu, Jinping Zheng, Qiang Liu, and Chunnan Fan
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-84,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-84, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
24 Aug 2021
Potential and limits of vegetation indices compared to evaporite mineral indices for soil salinity discrimination and mapping 
Abderrazak Bannari and Abdelgader Abuelgasim
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-55,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-55, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 6 comments)
Short summary
24 Aug 2021
Effect of freezing on the microstructure of a highly decomposed peat material close to water saturation when used prior to X-ray micro computed tomography
Hassan Al Majou, Ary Bruand, Olivier Rozembaum, and Emmanuel Le Trong
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-86,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-86, 2021
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 10 comments)
Short summary
20 Aug 2021
Can the models keep up with the data? Possibilities of soil and soil surface assessment techniques in the context of process based soil erosion models – A Review
Lea Epple, Andreas Kaiser, Marcus Schindewolf, and Anette Eltner
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-85,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-85, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
06 Jul 2021
Soil water repellency influences maize yield by changing soil water availability under long-term tillage management
Shengping Li, Guopeng Liang, Xueping Wu, Jinjing Lu, Erwan Plougonven, Huijun Wu, Zixuan Han, Ahmed Ali Abdelrhmana, and Xiaotong Liu
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-57,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-57, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
18 Jun 2021
Effects of application of biochar and straw on sustainable phosphorus management
Xue Li, Na Li, Jinfeng Yang, Yansen Xiang, Xin Wang, and Xiaori Han
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-49,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-49, 2021
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
17 May 2021
The geographical distribution of soil elements determines the boundaries of the Daodi-zone of medicinal plant (Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.)
Hongyang Lv, Hai Wang, Qian Fang, Lei Kang, Guiqi Han, Xiaorui Zhang, Qin Si, Dongmei He, and Zhuyun Yan
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-37,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-37, 2021
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 2 comments)
Short summary
01 Apr 2021
Soil properties after 36 years of N fertilization under continuous corn and corn-soybean management
Nakian Kim, Gevan D. Behnke, and María B. Villamil
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-26,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-26, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
25 Jan 2021
Deforestation effects on soil erosion rates and soil physicochemical properties in Iran: a case study of using fallout radionuclides in a Chernobyl contaminated area
Maral Khodadadi, Christine Alewell, Mohammad Mirzaei, Ehssan Ehssan-Malahat, Farrokh Asadzadeh, Peter Strauss, and Katrin Meusburger
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-2,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-2, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments)
Short summary
01 Dec 2020
Patterns of microbial processes shaped by parent material and soil depth in tropical rainforest soils
Laurent K. Kidinda, Folasade K. Olagoke, Cordula Vogel, Karsten Kalbitz, and Sebastian Doetterl
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2020-80,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2020-80, 2020
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
21 Nov 2020
Simulating soil organic C dynamics in managed grasslands under humid temperate climatic conditions
Asma Jebari, Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes, Guillermo Pardo, María Almagro, and Agustin del Prado
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2020-76,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2020-76, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
30 Sep 2020
Origin, distribution, and characteristics of Archaeological Dark Earth soils – A review
Michael O. Asare, Jerry Owusu Afriyie, and Michal Hejcman
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2020-51,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2020-51, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 7 comments)
Short summary
09 Apr 2020
Iron oxides control sorption and mobilisation of iodine in a tropical rainforest catchment
Laura Balzer, Katrin Schulz, Christian Birkel, and Harald Biester
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2020-20,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2020-20, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 6 comments)
04 Feb 2020
Management-intensive Grazing Affects Soil Health
Casey Shawver, James A. Ippolito, Joe Brummer, Jason Ahola, and Ryan Rhoades
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-91,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-91, 2020
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 5 comments)
Short summary
28 Jan 2020
Short-term effects of fertilization on dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil leachate
Alexandra Tiefenbacher, Gabriele Weigelhofer, Andreas Klik, Matthias Pucher, Jakob Santner, Walter Wenzel, Alexander Eder, and Peter Strauss
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-97,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-97, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
20 Jan 2020
Evaluating soil erosion and sediment deposition rates by the 137Cs fingerprinting technique at karst gabin basin in Yunnan Province, southwest China
Yanqing Li, Zhongcheng Jiang, Zhihua Chen, Yang Yu, Funing Lan, Xiangfei Yue, Peng Liu, and Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-94,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-94, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 5 comments)
08 Jan 2020
Soil Aggregate Stability of Forest Islands and Adjacent Ecosystems in West Africa
Amelie Baomalgré Bougma, Korodjouma Ouattara, Halidou Compaore, Hassan Bismarck Nacro, Caleb Melenya, Samuel Ayodele Mesele, Vincent Logah, Azeez Jamiu Oladipupo, Elmar Veenendaal, and Jonathan Lloyd
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-87,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-87, 2020
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
18 Nov 2019
Efficient Eco-Friendly Organic Wastes Mixed with Growth Promoting Bacteria to Remediate and Increase Fertility of Saline Sodic Soil in Egypt
Mohamed Hafez, Mohamed Rashad, Sally F. Abo El-Ezz, and Alexander I. Popov
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-69,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-69, 2019
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 5 comments)
Short summary
04 Nov 2019
Elemental Composition, Leachability Assessment and Spatial Variability Analysis of Surface Soils in the Mugan Plain in the Republic of Azerbaijan
Junho Han, Zaman Mammadov, Elton Mammadov, Seoyeon Lee, Jisuk Park, Garib Mammadov, Guliyev Elovsat, and Hee-Myong Ro
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-66,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-66, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
03 Jun 2019
Spatial variability and sampling density of chemical attributes in archaeological black earths under pasture in southern Amazonas, Brazil
Alan F. L. de Lima, Milton C. C. Campos, José M. da Cunha, Laércio S. Silva, Flávio P. de Oliveira, Bruno C. Mantovanelli, Elilson G. de Brito Filho, and Romário P. Gomes
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-26,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-26, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 6 comments)
Short summary
03 May 2019
Changes in soil properties in a low-quality broadleaf mixed forest after cutting strip reforms in a 9-year period in Northeastern China
Huiwen Guan, Xibin Dong, Tian Zhang, Yuan Meng, Jiafu Ruan, and Zhiyong Wang
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-10,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-10, 2019
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 6 comments)
Short summary
15 Apr 2019
Carbon, nitrogen and sulfur (CNS) status and dynamics in Amazon basin upland soils, Brazil
Jörg Matschullat, Roberval Monteiro Bezerra de Lima, Sophie F. von Fromm, Solveig Pospiech, Andrea M. Ramos, Gilvan Coimbra Martins, and Katharina Lenhart
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-16,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-16, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 5 comments)
Short summary
23 Jan 2019
Beneath the arctic greening: Will soils lose or gain carbon or perhaps a little of both?
Jennifer W. Harden, Jonathan A. O'Donnell, Katherine A. Heckman, Benjamin N. Sulman, Charles D. Koven, Chien-Lu Ping, and Gary J. Michaelson
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2018-41,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2018-41, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 7 comments)
Short summary
05 Jun 2018
Mapping homogeneous spectral response zones in a soil profile
Edward J. Jones and Alex B. McBratney
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2018-12,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2018-12, 2018
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 6 comments)
Short summary
04 Jun 2018
Phosphorus transport in lateral subsurface flow at forested hillslopes
Jakob Sohrt, Heike Puhlmann, and Markus Weiler
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2018-13,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2018-13, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
15 Feb 2017
Estimating hydraulic conductivity of a crusted loamy soil from beerkan experiments in a Mediterranean vineyard
Vincenzo Alagna, Vincenzo Bagarello, Simone Di Prima, Fabio Guaitoli, Massimo Iovino, Saskia Keesstra, and Artemio Cerdà
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-79,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-79, 2017
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
01 Feb 2017
Isovolumetric replacement and aeolian deposition contributed to Terrae calcis genesis in Franconia (central Germany)
Bernhard Lucke, Helga Kemnitz, and Stefan Vitzethum
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2017-4,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2017-4, 2017
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
02 Jan 2017
Compared impact of compost and digestate on priming effect and hydrophobicity of soils depending on textural composition
Amrei Voelkner, Charlotte Diercks, and Rainer Horn
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-62,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-62, 2017
Preprint retracted (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
18 Nov 2016
Two different microbial communities did not cause differences in occlusion of particulate organic matter in a sandy agricultural soil
Frederick Büks, Philip Rebensburg, Peter Lentzsch, and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-73,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-73, 2016
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 2 comments)
Short summary
17 Aug 2016
Geomorphic Threshold Estimation for Gully Erosion in the Lateritic Soil of Birbhum, West Bengal, India
Sandipan Ghosh and Sanat Kumar Guchhait
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-48,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-48, 2016
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 5 comments)
Short summary
01 Aug 2016
Vertical nutrient and trace element migration in cambisols after application of residues from anaerobic digestion of manure
M. Sager
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-44,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-44, 2016
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 5 comments)
Short summary
04 Jul 2016
Soil organic carbon stocks in semi-arid West African drylands: implications for climate change adaptation and mitigation
Jérôme Ebagnerin Tondoh, Issa Ouédraogo, Jules Bayala, Lulseged Tamene, Andrew Sila, Tor-Gunnar Vågen, and Antoine Kalinganiré
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-45,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-45, 2016
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
04 Jul 2016
Lime and zinc application influence soil zinc availability, dry matter yield and zinc uptake by maize grown on Alfisols
Sanjib K. Behera, Arvind K. Shukla, Brahma S. Dwivedi, and Brij L. Lakaria
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-41,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-41, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 7 comments)
Short summary
22 Jun 2016
Approaches to calibrate in-situ capacitance soil moisture sensors and some of their implications
N. A. L. Archer, B. R. Rawlins, B. P. Machant, J. D. Mackay, and P. I. Meldrum
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-40,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-40, 2016
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 3 comments)
Short summary
24 May 2016
Hydrological corridors for landscape and climate restoration: Prioritization of re-greening areas in Kenya and Tanzania
Judith E. M. Klostermann, Luuk Fleskens, Erik Querner, Herbert Ter Maat, Ronald Hutjes, Fons Jaspers, and Sander de Haas
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-29,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-29, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 5 comments)
Short summary
20 May 2016
Potential for agricultural production on disturbed soils mined for apatite using legumes and beneficial microbe
Rebecca Swift, Liza Parkinson, Thomas Edwards, Regina Carr, Jen McComb, Graham W. O'Hara, Giles E. St. John Hardy, Lambert Bräu, and John Howieson
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-33,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-33, 2016
Preprint retracted (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
18 Mar 2016
Investigation of rootzone salinity with field monitoring system at tsunami affected rice fields in Miyagi, Japan
Ieyasu Tokumoto, Katsumi Chiba, Masaru Mizoguchi, and Hideki Miyamoto
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-12,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-12, 2016
Preprint retracted (discussion: closed, 3 comments)
Short summary
09 Mar 2016
Feeding the world with soil science: embracing sustainability, complexity and uncertainty
P. Tittonell
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-7,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-7, 2016
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
07 Mar 2016
Relation of aggregate stability and microbial diversity in an incubated sandy soil
Frederick Büks, Philip Rebensburg, Peter Lentzsch, and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-14,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-14, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 7 comments)
Short summary
16 Feb 2016
Characterization of soil organic matter by near infrared spectroscopy – determination of glomalin in different soils
Jiří Zbíral, David Čižmár, Stanislav Malý, and Elena Obdržálková
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-9,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-9, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
01 Feb 2016
Determining the susceptibility of soils materials to erosion by rain-impacted flows
P. I. A. Kinnell
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-5,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-5, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
18 Jan 2016
Calculating the sediment budget of a tropical lake in the Blue Nile basin: Lake Tana
F. A. Zimale, M. A. Mogus, M. L. Alemu, E. K. Ayana, S. S. Demissie, S. A. Tilahun, and T. S. Steenhuis
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2015-84,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2015-84, 2016
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
15 Jan 2016
Natural versus anthropogenic genesis of mardels (closed depressions) on the Gutland plateau (Luxembourg); archaeometrical and palynological evidence of Roman clay excavation from mardels
J. M. van Mourik, D. J. G. Braekmans, M. Doorenbosch, W. J. Kuijper, and J. van der Plicht
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2015-82,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2015-82, 2016
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
30 Oct 2015
Compound-specific 15N stable isotope probing of N assimilation by the soil microbial biomass: a new methodological paradigm in soil N cycling
A. F. Charteris, T. D. J. Knowles, K. Michaelides, and R. P. Evershed
SOIL Discuss., 2, 1135–1160, https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-1135-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-1135-2015, 2015
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
03 Jun 2015
Organic nitrogen storage in mineral soil: implications for policy and management
A. H. Bingham and M. F. Cotrufo
SOIL Discuss., 2, 587–618, https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-587-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-587-2015, 2015
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 3 comments)
01 Jun 2015
Analysis of the linearised observation operator in a soil moisture and temperature analysis scheme
I. Dharssi, B. Candy, and P. Steinle
SOIL Discuss., 2, 505–535, https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-505-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-505-2015, 2015
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
31 Mar 2015
Ecological sanitation products reuse for agriculture in Sahel: effects on soil properties
D. Sangare, B. Sawadogo, M. Sou/Dakoure, D. M. S. Ouedraogo, N. Hijikata, H. Yacouba, M. Bonzi, and L. Coulibaly
SOIL Discuss., 2, 291–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-291-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-291-2015, 2015
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
Short summary
03 Mar 2015
Ecological soil quality affected by land use and management on semi-arid Crete
J. P. van Leeuwen, D. Moraetis, G. J. Lair, J. Bloem, N. P. Nikolaidis, L. Hemerik, and P. C. de Ruiter
SOIL Discuss., 2, 187–215, https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-187-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-187-2015, 2015
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 6 comments)
05 Jan 2015
Effect of land management on soil properties in flood irrigated citrus orchards in Eastern Spain
A. Morugán-Coronado, F. García-Orenes, and A. Cerdà
SOIL Discuss., 2, 1–27, https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-1-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-1-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 8 comments)
Short summary
27 Nov 2014
Geospatial variation of grapevine water status, soil water availability, grape composition and sensory characteristics in a spatially heterogeneous premium wine grape vineyard
D. R. Smart, S. Cosby Hess, R. Plant, O. Feihn, H. Heymann, and S. Ebeler
SOIL Discuss., 1, 1013–1072, https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-1-1013-2014,https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-1-1013-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 3 comments)
Short summary
19 Sep 2014
Depth distribution of radiocesium in Fukushima paddy fields and implications for ongoing decontamination works
H. Lepage, O. Evrard, Y. Onda, I. Lefèvre, J. P. Laceby, and S. Ayrault
SOIL Discuss., 1, 401–428, https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-1-401-2014,https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-1-401-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments)
29 Aug 2014
Organic carbon, water repellency and soil stability to slaking under different crops and managements: a case study at aggregate and intra-aggregate scales
A. Jordán, J. García-Moreno, Á. J. Gordillo-Rivero, L. M. Zavala, and A. Cerdà
SOIL Discuss., 1, 295–325, https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-1-295-2014,https://doi.org/10.5194/soild-1-295-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 2 comments)
CC BY 4.0