Articles | Volume 9, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-169-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-169-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Original research article
| 
15 Mar 2023
Original research article |
| 15 Mar 2023
| 15 Mar 2023
Oil-palm management alters the spatial distribution of amorphous silica and mobile silicon in topsoils
Britta Greenshields
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Physical Geography, University of Göttingen,
37077 Göttingen, Germany
Barbara von der Lühe
Department of Physical Geography, University of Göttingen,
37077 Göttingen, Germany
now at: Faculty of Geoscience, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
Harold J. Hughes
Department of Physical Geography, University of Göttingen,
37077 Göttingen, Germany
Christian Stiegler
Bioclimatology, Büsgen Institute, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
Suria Tarigan
Department of Soil and Natural Resources Management, IPB University, Dramaga Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
Aiyen Tjoa
Department of Agrotechnology, Tadulako University, Palu, 94118,
Indonesia
Daniela Sauer
Department of Physical Geography, University of Göttingen,
37077 Göttingen, Germany
Related authors
Britta Greenshields, Barbara von der Lühe, Felix Schwarz, Harold J. Hughes, Aiyen Tjoa, Martyna Kotowska, Fabian Brambach, and Daniela Sauer
Biogeosciences, 20, 1259–1276, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Silicon (Si) can have multiple beneficial effects on crops such as oil palms. In this study, we quantified Si concentrations in various parts of an oil palm (leaflets, rachises, fruit-bunch parts) to derive Si storage estimates for the total above-ground biomass of an oil palm and 1 ha of an oil-palm plantation. We proposed a Si balance by identifying Si return (via palm fronds) and losses (via harvest) in the system and recommend management measures that enhance Si cycling.
Guantao Chen, Edzo Veldkamp, Muhammad Damris, Bambang Irawan, Aiyen Tjoa, and Marife D. Corre
Biogeosciences, 21, 513–529, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-513-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-513-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We established an oil palm management experiment in a large-scale oil palm plantation in Jambi, Indonesia. We recorded oil palm fruit yield and measured soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes. After 4 years of treatment, compared with conventional fertilization with herbicide weeding, reduced fertilization with mechanical weeding did not reduce yield and soil greenhouse gas emissions, which highlights the legacy effects of over a decade of conventional management prior to the start of the experiment.
Nora Pfaffner, Annette Kadereit, Volker Karius, Thomas Kolb, Sebastian Kreutzer, and Daniela Sauer
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 73, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-73-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-73-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present results of the Baix loess–palaeosol sequence, SE France. Reconstructed intense soil formation under warm, moist conditions before and into the last ice age and less intense soil formations in warm (temporarily moist) phases during the generally cold, dry ice age were validated with laboratory and dating techniques. This is particularly relevant as Baix is located in the temperate–Mediterranean climate transition zone, a sensitive zone that is susceptible to future climate changes.
Britta Greenshields, Barbara von der Lühe, Felix Schwarz, Harold J. Hughes, Aiyen Tjoa, Martyna Kotowska, Fabian Brambach, and Daniela Sauer
Biogeosciences, 20, 1259–1276, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Silicon (Si) can have multiple beneficial effects on crops such as oil palms. In this study, we quantified Si concentrations in various parts of an oil palm (leaflets, rachises, fruit-bunch parts) to derive Si storage estimates for the total above-ground biomass of an oil palm and 1 ha of an oil-palm plantation. We proposed a Si balance by identifying Si return (via palm fronds) and losses (via harvest) in the system and recommend management measures that enhance Si cycling.
Anders Lindroth, Norbert Pirk, Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir, Christian Stiegler, Leif Klemedtsson, and Mats B. Nilsson
Biogeosciences, 19, 3921–3934, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3921-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3921-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane between a moist moss tundra and the atmosphere on Svalbard in order to better understand how such ecosystems are affecting the climate and vice versa. We found that the system was a small sink of carbon dioxide and a small source of methane. These fluxes are small in comparison with other tundra ecosystems in the high Arctic. Analysis of temperature sensitivity showed that respiration was more sensitive than photosynthesis above about 6 ℃.
Florian Schneider, Michael Klinge, Jannik Brodthuhn, Tino Peplau, and Daniela Sauer
SOIL, 7, 563–584, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-563-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-563-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The central Mongolian forest steppe underlies a recent decline of forested area. We analysed the site and soil properties in the Khangai Mountains to identify differences between disturbed forest areas with and without regrowth of trees. More silty soils were found under areas with tree regrowth and more sandy soils under areas without tree regrowth. Due to the continental, semi-arid climate, soil properties which increase the amount of available water are decisive for tree regrowth in Mongolia.
Florian Ellsäßer, Christian Stiegler, Alexander Röll, Tania June, Hendrayanto, Alexander Knohl, and Dirk Hölscher
Biogeosciences, 18, 861–872, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-861-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-861-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Recording land surface temperatures using drones offers new options to predict evapotranspiration based on energy balance models. This study compares predictions from three energy balance models with the eddy covariance method. A model II Deming regression indicates interchangeability for latent heat flux estimates from certain modeling methods and eddy covariance measurements. This complements the available methods for evapotranspiration studies by fine grain and spatially explicit assessments.
Christopher Lüthgens, Daniela Sauer, and Michael Zech
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 69, 261–262, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-261-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-261-2021, 2021
Greta Formaglio, Edzo Veldkamp, Xiaohong Duan, Aiyen Tjoa, and Marife D. Corre
Biogeosciences, 17, 5243–5262, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5243-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5243-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The intensive management of large-scale oil palm plantations may result in high nutrient leaching losses which reduce soil fertility and potentially pollute water bodies. The reduction in management intensity with lower fertilization rates and with mechanical weeding instead of the use of herbicide results in lower nutrient leaching losses while maintaining high yield. Lower leaching results from lower nutrient inputs from fertilizer and from higher retention by enhanced cover vegetation.
Kurt C. Solander, Brent D. Newman, Alessandro Carioca de Araujo, Holly R. Barnard, Z. Carter Berry, Damien Bonal, Mario Bretfeld, Benoit Burban, Luiz Antonio Candido, Rolando Célleri, Jeffery Q. Chambers, Bradley O. Christoffersen, Matteo Detto, Wouter A. Dorigo, Brent E. Ewers, Savio José Filgueiras Ferreira, Alexander Knohl, L. Ruby Leung, Nate G. McDowell, Gretchen R. Miller, Maria Terezinha Ferreira Monteiro, Georgianne W. Moore, Robinson Negron-Juarez, Scott R. Saleska, Christian Stiegler, Javier Tomasella, and Chonggang Xu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2303–2322, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2303-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2303-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the soil moisture response in the humid tropics to El Niño during the three most recent super El Niño events. Our estimates are compared to in situ soil moisture estimates that span five continents. We find the strongest and most consistent soil moisture decreases in the Amazon and maritime southeastern Asia, while the most consistent increases occur over eastern Africa. Our results can be used to improve estimates of soil moisture in tropical ecohydrology models at multiple scales.
Michael Klinge, Choimaa Dulamsuren, Florian Schneider, Stefan Erasmi, Markus Hauck, Uudus Bayarsaikhan, and Daniela Sauer
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-13, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-13, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
The Mongolian forest-steppe suffers from fire and woodcutting. The forest distribution was analysed by tree biomass, remote sensing and climate data. Tree biomass was reduced at forest edges and in small forest, and high in alluvial forests. The actual tree biomass represented 57 % of that in 1986, prior to extensive fires. Relationships between forests and topographic and climatic parameters enable modelling of potential forest, which is about three times the actual forest area.
Christopher Lüthgens, Daniela Sauer, Michael Zech, Becky Briant, Eleanor Brown, Elisabeth Dietze, Markus Fuchs, Nicole Klasen, Sven Lukas, Jan-Hendrik May, Julia Meister, Tony Reimann, Gilles Rixhon, Zsófia Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger, Bernhard Salcher, Tobias Sprafke, Ingmar Unkel, Hans von Suchodoletz, and Christian Zeeden
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 68, 243–244, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-68-243-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-68-243-2020, 2020
Christian Stiegler, Ana Meijide, Yuanchao Fan, Ashehad Ashween Ali, Tania June, and Alexander Knohl
Biogeosciences, 16, 2873–2890, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2873-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2873-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We show the response of a commercial oil palm plantation in Indonesia to the extreme El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event in 2015. Our measurements and model suggest that without human-induced forest fires and related smoke emissions, the observed negative impact on oil palm carbon dioxide greenhouse gas fluxes, carbon accumulation and yield due to ENSO-related drought would have been less pronounced. With respect to climate change we highlight the importance of fire prevention in the area.
Ashehad A. Ali, Yuanchao Fan, Marife D. Corre, Martyna M. Kotowska, Evelyn Hassler, Fernando E. Moyano, Christian Stiegler, Alexander Röll, Ana Meijide, Andre Ringeler, Christoph Leuschner, Tania June, Suria Tarigan, Holger Kreft, Dirk Hölscher, Chonggang Xu, Charles D. Koven, Rosie Fisher, Edzo Veldkamp, and Alexander Knohl
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-236, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-236, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We used carbon-use and water-use related datasets of small-holder rubber plantations from Jambi province, Indonesia to develop and calibrate a rubber plant functional type for the Community Land Model (CLM-rubber). Increased sensitivity of stomata to soil water stress and enhanced respiration costs enabled the model to capture the magnitude of transpiration and leaf area index. Including temporal variations in leaf life span enabled the model to better capture the seasonality of leaf litterfall.
Johanna Lomax, Raphael Steup, Lyudmila Shumilovskikh, Christian Hoselmann, Daniela Sauer, Veit van Diedenhoven, and Markus Fuchs
DEUQUA Spec. Pub., 1, 15–28, https://doi.org/10.5194/deuquasp-1-15-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/deuquasp-1-15-2018, 2018
Rodolfo Luiz Bezerra Nóbrega, Gabriele Lamparter, Harold Hughes, Alphonce Chenjerayi Guzha, Ricardo Santos Silva Amorim, and Gerhard Gerold
Proc. IAHS, 377, 3–7, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-377-3-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-377-3-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the impacts of deforestation on water quantity and quality in the Tapajós River, one of the main tributaries of the Amazon River. To that end, we used data from 2 years of fieldwork as well other state-of-the-art techniques in small and large areas of this study area. We found changes in water quality and quantity across small and large portions of this area. Our results show that some impacts of deforestation usually observed in small streams are also affecting the major river.
Suria Tarigan, Kerstin Wiegand, Sunarti, and Bejo Slamet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 581–594, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-581-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-581-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study is the first to describe the quantitative association between forest and plantation areas and the flow indicators (surface runoff and baseflow) in a watershed; this understanding is required by spatial planners if they are to balance the ecology and socioeconomic functions of a landscape with the rapid expansion of plantation crops. In addition, our study provides data regarding how SWAT input parameters related to tropical plantations such as oil palm and rubber should be adjusted.
Christian Stiegler, Magnus Lund, Torben Røjle Christensen, Mikhail Mastepanov, and Anders Lindroth
The Cryosphere, 10, 1395–1413, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1395-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1395-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we investigate the impact of strong variability in snow accumulation during 2 subsequent years (2013–2014) on the land–atmosphere interactions and surface energy exchange in two high-Arctic tundra ecosystems (wet fen and dry heath) in Zackenberg, Northeast Greenland. We observe that the energy balance during the snowmelt periods and growing seasons was strongly regulated by the availability of snow meltwater, with strong impact on the overall ecosystem performance.
E. Hassler, M. D. Corre, A. Tjoa, M. Damris, S. R. Utami, and E. Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 12, 5831–5852, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5831-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5831-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We found that in Indonesia, oil palm displayed reduced soil CO2 fluxes compared to forest and rubber plantations; this was mainly caused by reduced litter input. Furthermore, we measured reduced soil CH4 uptake in oil palm and rubber plantations compared to forest; this was due to a decrease in soil N availability in the converted land uses. Our study shows for the first time that differences in soil fertility control soil-atmosphere exchange of CO2 and CH4 in a tropical landscape.
Related subject area
Soils and biogeochemical cycling
An ensemble estimate of Australian soil organic carbon using machine learning and process-based modelling
What is the stability of additional organic carbon stored thanks to alternative cropping systems and organic waste product application? A multi-method evaluation
Improving measurements of microbial growth, death, and turnover by accounting for extracellular DNA in soils
The influence of land use and management on the behaviour and persistence of soil organic carbon in a subtropical Ferralsol
Dissolved carbon flow to particulate organic carbon enhances soil carbon sequestration
Shifts in controls and abundance of particulate and mineral-associated organic matter fractions among subfield yield stability zones
The six rights of how and when to test for soil C saturation
Cover crops improve soil structure and change organic carbon distribution in macroaggregate fractions
Soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus storage in juniper–oak savanna: role of vegetation and geology
Investigating the complementarity of thermal and physical soil organic carbon fractions
Organic matters, but inorganic matters too: column examination of elevated mercury sorption on low organic matter aquifer material using concentrations and stable isotope ratios
Contrasting potential for biological N2 fixation at three polluted central European Sphagnum peat bogs: combining the 15N2-tracer and natural-abundance isotope approaches
Soil organic carbon stocks did not change after 130 years of afforestation on a former Swiss Alpine pasture
Land inclination controls CO2 and N2O fluxes, but not CH4 uptake, in a temperate upland forest soil
Tropical Andosol organic carbon quality and degradability in relation to soil geochemistry as affected by land use
Elemental stoichiometry and Rock-Eval® thermal stability of organic matter in French topsoils
Semantics about soil organic carbon storage: DATA4C+, a comprehensive thesaurus and classification of management practices in agriculture and forestry
Forest liming in the face of climate change: the implications of restorative liming for soil organic carbon in mature German forests
Biotic factors dominantly determine soil inorganic carbon stock across Tibetan alpine grasslands
Effects of returning corn straw and fermented corn straw to fields on the soil organic carbon pools and humus composition
Soil nutrient contents and stoichiometry within aggregate size classes varied with tea plantation age and soil depth in southern Guangxi in China
Land use impact on carbon mineralization in well aerated soils is mainly explained by variations of particulate organic matter rather than of soil structure
Inclusion of biochar in a C dynamics model based on observations from an 8-year field experiment
Synergy between compost and cover crops in a Mediterranean row crop system leads to increased subsoil carbon storage
Phosphorus dynamics during early soil development in a cold desert: insights from oxygen isotopes in phosphate
Transformation of n-alkanes from plant to soil: a review
Heterotrophic soil respiration and carbon cycling in geochemically distinct African tropical forest soils
Soil organic carbon mobility in equatorial podzols: soil column experiments
Microbial activity responses to water stress in agricultural soils from simple and complex crop rotations
The role of geochemistry in organic carbon stabilization against microbial decomposition in tropical rainforest soils
Geogenic organic carbon in terrestrial sediments and its contribution to total soil carbon
Aluminous clay and pedogenic Fe oxides modulate aggregation and related carbon contents in soils of the humid tropics
Continental-scale controls on soil organic carbon across sub-Saharan Africa
Modelling of long-term Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb dynamics from soils fertilised with organic amendments
Stable isotope signatures of soil nitrogen on an environmental–geomorphic gradient within the Congo Basin
Iron and aluminum association with microbially processed organic matter via meso-density aggregate formation across soils: organo-metallic glue hypothesis
Land-use perturbations in ley grassland decouple the degradation of ancient soil organic matter from the storage of newly derived carbon inputs
Switch of fungal to bacterial degradation in natural, drained and rewetted oligotrophic peatlands reflected in δ15N and fatty acid composition
Catchment export of base cations: improved mineral dissolution kinetics influence the role of water transit time
Boreal-forest soil chemistry drives soil organic carbon bioreactivity along a 314-year fire chronosequence
Ramped thermal analysis for isolating biologically meaningful soil organic matter fractions with distinct residence times
Variations in soil chemical and physical properties explain basin-wide Amazon forest soil carbon concentrations
Lithology- and climate-controlled soil aggregate-size distribution and organic carbon stability in the Peruvian Andes
Evaluating the effects of soil erosion and productivity decline on soil carbon dynamics using a model-based approach
Base cations in the soil bank: non-exchangeable pools may sustain centuries of net loss to forestry and leaching
Short-range-order minerals as powerful factors explaining deep soil organic carbon stock distribution: the case of a coffee agroforestry plantation on Andosols in Costa Rica
A new look at an old concept: using 15N2O isotopomers to understand the relationship between soil moisture and N2O production pathways
Assessing the impact of acid rain and forest harvest intensity with the HD-MINTEQ model – soil chemistry of three Swedish conifer sites from 1880 to 2080
Dynamic modelling of weathering rates – the benefit over steady-state modelling
Aluminium and base cation chemistry in dynamic acidification models – need for a reappraisal?
Lingfei Wang, Gab Abramowitz, Ying-Ping Wang, Andy Pitman, and Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel
SOIL, 10, 619–636, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-619-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-619-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Effective management of soil organic carbon (SOC) requires accurate knowledge of its distribution and factors influencing its dynamics. We identify the importance of variables in spatial SOC variation and estimate SOC stocks in Australia using various models. We find there are significant disparities in SOC estimates when different models are used, highlighting the need for a critical re-evaluation of land management strategies that rely on the SOC distribution derived from a single approach.
Tchodjowiè P. I. Kpemoua, Pierre Barré, Sabine Houot, François Baudin, Cédric Plessis, and Claire Chenu
SOIL, 10, 533–549, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-533-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-533-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Several agroecological management options foster soil organic C stock accrual. What is behind the persistence of this "additional" C? We used three different methodological approaches and >20 years of field experiments under temperate conditions to find out. We found that the additional C is less stable at the pluri-decadal scale than the baseline C. This highlights the need to maintain agroecological practices to keep these carbon stocks at a high level over time.
Jörg Schnecker, Theresa Böckle, Julia Horak, Victoria Martin, Taru Sandén, and Heide Spiegel
SOIL, 10, 521–531, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-521-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-521-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Microbial processes are driving the formation and decomposition of soil organic matter. In contrast to respiration and growth, microbial death rates currently lack distinct methods to be determined. Here, we propose a new approach to measure microbial death rates. This new approach to determine microbial death rates as well as dynamics of intracellular and extracellular DNA separately will help to improve concepts and models of C dynamics in soils in the future.
Laura Hondroudakis, Peter M. Kopittke, Ram C. Dalal, Meghan Barnard, and Zhe H. Weng
SOIL, 10, 451–465, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-451-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-451-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Land use change to cropping is known to greatly reduced organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations, but much remains unknown about the mechanisms influencing their persistence in soil. In a soil from a subtropical Australian cropping system, we demonstrate that organic carbon is protected by mineral associations but not particulate forms. Importantly, we also show that reversion from cropping to pasture or plantation can partially restore this organic carbon.
Qintana Si, Kangli Chen, Bin Wei, Yaowen Zhang, Xun Sun, and Junyi Liang
SOIL, 10, 441–450, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-441-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-441-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our soil incubation experiment demonstrates that dissolved labile carbon substrate is a significant contributor to the soil particulate organic carbon pool. Dissolved carbon flow to particulate organic carbon is regulated by microbial biomass carbon and soil texture. The soil carbon model underestimates soil carbon sequestration when carbon flow from dissolved substrates to particulate organic carbon through microbial processes is not considered.
Sam J. Leuthold, Jocelyn M. Lavallee, Bruno Basso, William F. Brinton, and M. Francesca Cotrufo
SOIL, 10, 307–319, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-307-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-307-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We examined physical soil organic matter fractions to understand their relationship to temporal variability in crop yield at field scale. We found that interactions between crop productivity, topography, and climate led to variability in soil organic matter stocks among different yield stability zones. Our results imply that linkages between soil organic matter and yield stability may be scale-dependent and that particulate organic matter may be an indicator of unstable areas within croplands.
Johan Six, Sebastian Doetterl, Moritz Laub, Claude R. Müller, and Marijn Van de Broek
SOIL, 10, 275–279, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-275-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-275-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Soil C saturation has been tested in several recent studies and led to a debate about its existence. We argue that, to test C saturation, one should pay attention to six fundamental principles: the right measures, the right units, the right dispersive energy and application, the right soil type, the right clay type, and the right saturation level. Once we take care of those six rights across studies, we find support for a maximum of C stabilized by minerals and thus soil C saturation.
Norman Gentsch, Florin Laura Riechers, Jens Boy, Dörte Schweneker, Ulf Feuerstein, Diana Heuermann, and Georg Guggenberger
SOIL, 10, 139–150, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-139-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-139-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cover crops have substantial impacts on soil properties, but so far it is not clear how long a legacy effect of cover cropping will remain in the soil. We found that cover crops attenuate negative effects on soil structure that come from soil cultivation. The combination of plants with different litter qualities and rhizodeposits in biodiverse cover crop mixtures can improve the positive effects of cover cropping on soil structure amelioration.
Che-Jen Hsiao, Pedro A. M. Leite, Ayumi Hyodo, and Thomas W. Boutton
SOIL, 10, 93–108, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-93-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-93-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Tree cover has increased in grasslands worldwide, with juniper and oak trees expanding in the southern Great Plains, USA. Here, we examine how these changes interact with geology to affect soil C, N, and P storage. Soil concentrations of these elements were significantly higher under trees than grasslands but increased more under trees growing on Edwards soils. Our results suggest that geology and vegetation change should be considered when predicting soil storage in dryland ecosystems globally.
Amicie A. Delahaie, Lauric Cécillon, Marija Stojanova, Samuel Abiven, Pierre Arbelet, Dominique Arrouays, François Baudin, Antonio Bispo, Line Boulonne, Claire Chenu, Jussi Heinonsalo, Claudy Jolivet, Kristiina Karhu, Manuel P. Martin, Lorenza Pacini, Christopher Poeplau, Céline Ratié, Pierre Roudier, Nicolas P. A. Saby, Florence Savignac, and Pierre Barré
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-197, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-197, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This manuscript compares the soil organic carbon fractions obtained from a new thermal fractionation scheme and a well-known physical fractionation scheme on an unprecedented dataset of French topsoil samples. For each fraction, we use a machine learning model to determine its environmental drivers (pedology, climate, and land cover). Our results suggest that these two fractionation schemes provide different fractions, which means they provide complementary information.
David S. McLagan, Carina Esser, Lorenz Schwab, Jan G. Wiederhold, Jan-Helge Richard, and Harald Biester
SOIL, 10, 77–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-77-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-77-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sorption of mercury in soils, aquifer materials, and sediments is primarily linked to organic matter. Using column experiments, mercury concentration, speciation, and stable isotope analyses, we show that large quantities of mercury in soil water and groundwater can be sorbed to inorganic minerals; sorption to the solid phase favours lighter isotopes. Data provide important insights on the transport and fate of mercury in soil–groundwater systems and particularly in low-organic-matter systems.
Marketa Stepanova, Martin Novak, Bohuslava Cejkova, Ivana Jackova, Frantisek Buzek, Frantisek Veselovsky, Jan Curik, Eva Prechova, Arnost Komarek, and Leona Bohdalkova
SOIL, 9, 623–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-623-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-623-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Biological N2 fixation helps to sustain carbon accumulation in peatlands and to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. Changes in N2 fixation may affect the dynamics of global change. Increasing inputs of reactive N from air pollution should lead to downregulation of N2 fixation. Data from three N-polluted peat bogs show an interplay of N2-fixation rates with 10 potential drivers of this process. N2 fixation was measurable only at one site characterized by high phosphorus and low sulfate availability.
Tatjana C. Speckert, Jeannine Suremann, Konstantin Gavazov, Maria J. Santos, Frank Hagedorn, and Guido L. B. Wiesenberg
SOIL, 9, 609–621, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-609-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-609-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is key player in the global carbon cycle. Afforestation on pastures potentially alters organic matter input and SOC sequestration. We investigated the effects of a Picea abies L. afforestation sequence (0 to 130 years) on a former subalpine pasture on SOC stocks and dynamics. We found no difference in the SOC stock after 130 years of afforestation and thus no additional SOC sequestration. SOC composition was altered due to a modified SOC input following afforestation.
Lauren M. Gillespie, Nathalie Y. Triches, Diego Abalos, Peter Finke, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Stephan Glatzel, and Eugenio Díaz-Pinés
SOIL, 9, 517–531, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-517-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Forest soil is potentially an important source or sink of greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, and CH4), but this is affected by soil conditions. We studied how land inclination and soil/litter properties influence the flux of these gases. CO2 and N2O were more affected by inclination than CH4; all were affected by soil/litter properties. This study underlines the importance of inclination and soil/litter properties in predicting greenhouse gas fluxes from forest soil and potential source–sink balance.
Sastrika Anindita, Peter Finke, and Steven Sleutel
SOIL, 9, 443–459, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-443-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-443-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated how land use, through its impact on soil geochemistry, might indirectly control soil organic carbon (SOC) content in tropical volcanic soils in Indonesia. We analyzed SOC fractions, substrate-specific mineralization, and net priming of SOC. Our results indicated that the enhanced formation of aluminum (hydr)oxides promoted aggregation and physical occlusion of OC, which is consistent with the lesser degradability of SOC in agricultural soils.
Amicie A. Delahaie, Pierre Barré, François Baudin, Dominique Arrouays, Antonio Bispo, Line Boulonne, Claire Chenu, Claudy Jolivet, Manuel P. Martin, Céline Ratié, Nicolas P. A. Saby, Florence Savignac, and Lauric Cécillon
SOIL, 9, 209–229, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-209-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-209-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We characterized organic matter in French soils by analysing samples from the French RMQS network using Rock-Eval thermal analysis. We found that thermal analysis is appropriate to characterize large set of samples (ca. 2000) and provides interpretation references for Rock-Eval parameter values. This shows that organic matter in managed soils is on average more oxidized and more thermally stable and that some Rock-Eval parameters are good proxies for organic matter biogeochemical stability.
Kenji Fujisaki, Tiphaine Chevallier, Antonio Bispo, Jean-Baptiste Laurent, François Thevenin, Lydie Chapuis-Lardy, Rémi Cardinael, Christine Le Bas, Vincent Freycon, Fabrice Bénédet, Vincent Blanfort, Michel Brossard, Marie Tella, and Julien Demenois
SOIL, 9, 89–100, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-89-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-89-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a first comprehensive thesaurus for management practices driving soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. So far, a comprehensive thesaurus of management practices in agriculture and forestry has been lacking. It will help to merge datasets, a promising way to evaluate the impacts of management practices in agriculture and forestry on SOC. Identifying the drivers of SOC stock changes is of utmost importance to contribute to global challenges (climate change, food security).
Oliver van Straaten, Larissa Kulp, Guntars O. Martinson, Dan Paul Zederer, and Ulrike Talkner
SOIL, 9, 39–54, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-39-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-39-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Across northern Europe, millions of hectares of forest have been limed to counteract soil acidification and restore forest ecosystems. In this study, we investigated how restorative liming affects the forest soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and correspondingly ecosystem greenhouse gas fluxes. We found that the magnitude and direction of SOC stock changes hinge on the inherent site characteristics, namely, forest type, soil texture, initial soil pH, and initial soil SOC stocks (before liming).
Junxiao Pan, Jinsong Wang, Dashuan Tian, Ruiyang Zhang, Yang Li, Lei Song, Jiaming Yang, Chunxue Wei, and Shuli Niu
SOIL, 8, 687–698, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-687-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-687-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We found that climatic, edaphic, plant and microbial variables jointly affect soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stock in Tibetan grasslands, and biotic factors have a larger contribution than abiotic factors to the variation in SIC stock. The effects of microbial and plant variables on SIC stock weakened with soil depth, while the effects of edaphic variables strengthened. The contrasting responses and drivers of SIC stock highlight differential mechanisms underlying SIC preservation with soil depth.
Yifeng Zhang, Sen Dou, Batande Sinovuyo Ndzelu, Rui Ma, Dandan Zhang, Xiaowei Zhang, Shufen Ye, and Hongrui Wang
SOIL, 8, 605–619, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-605-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-605-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
How to effectively convert corn straw into humic substances and return them to the soil in a relatively stable form is a concerning topic. Through a 360 d field experiment under equal carbon (C) mass, we found that return of the fermented corn straw treated with Trichoderma reesei to the field is more valuable and conducive to increasing easily oxidizable organic C, humus C content, and carbon pool management index than the direct application of corn straw.
Ling Mao, Shaoming Ye, and Shengqiang Wang
SOIL, 8, 487–505, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-487-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-487-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soil ecological stoichiometry offers a tool to explore the distribution, cycling, limitation, and balance of chemical elements. This study improved the understanding of soil organic carbon and nutrient dynamics in tea plantation ecosystems and also provided supplementary information for soil ecological stoichiometry in global terrestrial ecosystems.
Steffen Schlüter, Tim Roussety, Lena Rohe, Vusal Guliyev, Evgenia Blagodatskaya, and Thomas Reitz
SOIL, 8, 253–267, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-253-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-253-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We combined microstructure analysis via X-ray CT with carbon mineralization analysis via respirometry of intact soil cores from different land uses. We found that the amount of particulate organic matter (POM) exerted a dominant control on carbon mineralization in well-aerated topsoils, whereas soil moisture and macroporosity did not play role. This is because carbon mineralization mainly occurs in microbial hotspots around degrading POM, where it is decoupled from conditions of the bulk soil.
Roberta Pulcher, Enrico Balugani, Maurizio Ventura, Nicolas Greggio, and Diego Marazza
SOIL, 8, 199–211, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-199-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-199-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biochar, a solid product from the thermal conversion of biomass, can be used as a climate change mitigation strategy, since it can sequester carbon from the atmosphere and store it in the soil. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of biochar as a mitigation strategy in the long term, by modelling the results obtained from an 8-year field experiment. As far as we know, this is the first time that a model for biochar degradation has been validated with long-term field data.
Daniel Rath, Nathaniel Bogie, Leonardo Deiss, Sanjai J. Parikh, Daoyuan Wang, Samantha Ying, Nicole Tautges, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Teamrat A. Ghezzehei, and Kate M. Scow
SOIL, 8, 59–83, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-59-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-59-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Storing C in subsoils can help mitigate climate change, but this requires a better understanding of subsoil C dynamics. We investigated changes in subsoil C storage under a combination of compost, cover crops (WCC), and mineral fertilizer and found that systems with compost + WCC had ~19 Mg/ha more C after 25 years. This increase was attributed to increased transport of soluble C and nutrients via WCC root pores and demonstrates the potential for subsoil C storage in tilled agricultural systems.
Zuzana Frkova, Chiara Pistocchi, Yuliya Vystavna, Katerina Capkova, Jiri Dolezal, and Federica Tamburini
SOIL, 8, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-1-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Phosphorus (P) is essential for life. We studied microbial processes driving the P cycle in soils developed on the same rock but with different ages (0–100 years) in a cold desert. Compared to previous studies under cold climate, we found much slower weathering of P-containing minerals of soil development, likely due to aridity. However, microbes dominate short-term dynamics and progressively redistribute P from the rock into more available forms, making it available for plants at later stages.
Carrie L. Thomas, Boris Jansen, E. Emiel van Loon, and Guido L. B. Wiesenberg
SOIL, 7, 785–809, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-785-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-785-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Plant organs, such as leaves, contain a variety of chemicals that are eventually deposited into soil and can be useful for studying organic carbon cycling. We performed a systematic review of available data of one type of plant-derived chemical, n-alkanes, to determine patterns of degradation or preservation from the source plant to the soil. We found that while there was degradation in the amount of n-alkanes from plant to soil, some aspects of the chemical signature were preserved.
Benjamin Bukombe, Peter Fiener, Alison M. Hoyt, Laurent K. Kidinda, and Sebastian Doetterl
SOIL, 7, 639–659, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-639-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-639-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Through a laboratory incubation experiment, we investigated the spatial patterns of specific maximum heterotrophic respiration in tropical African mountain forest soils developed from contrasting parent material along slope gradients. We found distinct differences in soil respiration between soil depths and geochemical regions related to soil fertility and the chemistry of the soil solution. The topographic origin of our samples was not a major determinant of the observed rates of respiration.
Patricia Merdy, Yves Lucas, Bruno Coulomb, Adolpho J. Melfi, and Célia R. Montes
SOIL, 7, 585–594, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-585-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-585-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Transfer of organic C from topsoil to deeper horizons and the water table is little documented, especially in equatorial environments, despite high primary productivity in the evergreen forest. Using column experiments with podzol soil and a percolating solution sampled in an Amazonian podzol area, we show how the C-rich Bh horizon plays a role in natural organic matter transfer and Si, Fe and Al mobility after a kaolinitic layer transition, thus giving insight to the genesis of tropical podzol.
Jörg Schnecker, D. Boone Meeden, Francisco Calderon, Michel Cavigelli, R. Michael Lehman, Lisa K. Tiemann, and A. Stuart Grandy
SOIL, 7, 547–561, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-547-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-547-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Drought and flooding challenge agricultural systems and their management globally. Here we investigated the response of soils from long-term agricultural field sites with simple and diverse crop rotations to either drought or flooding. We found that irrespective of crop rotation complexity, soil and microbial properties were more resistant to flooding than to drought and highly resilient to drought and flooding during single or repeated stress pulses.
Mario Reichenbach, Peter Fiener, Gina Garland, Marco Griepentrog, Johan Six, and Sebastian Doetterl
SOIL, 7, 453–475, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-453-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-453-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In deeply weathered tropical rainforest soils of Africa, we found that patterns of soil organic carbon stocks differ between soils developed from geochemically contrasting parent material due to differences in the abundance of organo-mineral complexes, the presence/absence of chemical stabilization mechanisms of carbon with minerals and the presence of fossil organic carbon from sedimentary rocks. Physical stabilization mechanisms by aggregation provide additional protection of soil carbon.
Fabian Kalks, Gabriel Noren, Carsten W. Mueller, Mirjam Helfrich, Janet Rethemeyer, and Axel Don
SOIL, 7, 347–362, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-347-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-347-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sedimentary rocks contain organic carbon that may end up as soil carbon. However, this source of soil carbon is overlooked and has not been quantified sufficiently. We analysed 10 m long sediment cores with three different sedimentary rocks. All sediments contain considerable amounts of geogenic carbon contributing 3 %–12 % to the total soil carbon below 30 cm depth. The low 14C content of geogenic carbon can result in underestimations of soil carbon turnover derived from 14C data.
Maximilian Kirsten, Robert Mikutta, Didas N. Kimaro, Karl-Heinz Feger, and Karsten Kalbitz
SOIL, 7, 363–375, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-363-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-363-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mineralogical combinations of aluminous clay and pedogenic Fe oxides revealed significant effects on soil structure and related organic carbon (OC) storage.
The mineralogical combination resulting in the largest aggregate stability does not better preserve OC during conversion of forests into croplands.
Structural changes in the direction of smaller mean weight diameters do not cancel out the stabilizing effect of soil minerals.
Sophie F. von Fromm, Alison M. Hoyt, Markus Lange, Gifty E. Acquah, Ermias Aynekulu, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Stephan M. Haefele, Steve P. McGrath, Keith D. Shepherd, Andrew M. Sila, Johan Six, Erick K. Towett, Susan E. Trumbore, Tor-G. Vågen, Elvis Weullow, Leigh A. Winowiecki, and Sebastian Doetterl
SOIL, 7, 305–332, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-305-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-305-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated various soil and climate properties that influence soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations in sub-Saharan Africa. Our findings indicate that climate and geochemistry are equally important for explaining SOC variations. The key SOC-controlling factors are broadly similar to those for temperate regions, despite differences in soil development history between the two regions.
Claudia Cagnarini, Stephen Lofts, Luigi Paolo D'Acqui, Jochen Mayer, Roman Grüter, Susan Tandy, Rainer Schulin, Benjamin Costerousse, Simone Orlandini, and Giancarlo Renella
SOIL, 7, 107–123, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-107-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-107-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Application of organic amendments, although considered a sustainable form of soil fertilisation, may cause an accumulation of trace elements (TEs) in the topsoil. In this research, we analysed the concentration of zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in a > 60-year experiment in Switzerland and showed that the dynamic model IDMM adequately predicted the historical TE concentrations in plots amended with farmyard manure, sewage sludge and compost and produced reasonable concentration trends up to 2100.
Simon Baumgartner, Marijn Bauters, Matti Barthel, Travis W. Drake, Landry C. Ntaboba, Basile M. Bazirake, Johan Six, Pascal Boeckx, and Kristof Van Oost
SOIL, 7, 83–94, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-83-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-83-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We compared stable isotope signatures of soil profiles in different forest ecosystems within the Congo Basin to assess ecosystem-level differences in N cycling, and we examined the local effect of topography on the isotopic signature of soil N. Soil δ15N profiles indicated that the N cycling in in the montane forest is more closed, whereas the lowland forest and Miombo woodland experienced a more open N cycle. Topography only alters soil δ15N values in forests with high erosional forces.
Rota Wagai, Masako Kajiura, and Maki Asano
SOIL, 6, 597–627, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-597-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-597-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Global significance of metals (extractable Fe and Al phases) to control organic matter (OM) in recognized. Next key questions include the identification of their localization and mechanism behind OM–metal relationships. Across 23 soils of contrasting mineralogy, Fe and Al phases were mainly associated with microbially processed OM as meso-density microaggregates. OM- and metal-rich nanocomposites with a narrow OM : metal ratio likely acted as binding agents. A new conceptual model was proposed.
Marco Panettieri, Denis Courtier-Murias, Cornelia Rumpel, Marie-France Dignac, Gonzalo Almendros, and Abad Chabbi
SOIL, 6, 435–451, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-435-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-435-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In the context of global change, soil has been identified as a potential C sink, depending on land-use strategies. This work is devoted to identifying the processes affecting labile soil C pools resulting from changes in land use. We show that the land-use change in ley grassland provoked a decoupling of the storage and degradation processes after the grassland phase. Overall, the study enables us to develop a sufficient understanding of fine-scale C dynamics to refine soil C prediction models.
Miriam Groß-Schmölders, Pascal von Sengbusch, Jan Paul Krüger, Kristy Klein, Axel Birkholz, Jens Leifeld, and Christine Alewell
SOIL, 6, 299–313, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-299-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-299-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Degradation turns peatlands into a source of CO2. There is no cost- or time-efficient method available for indicating peatland hydrology or the success of restoration. We found that 15N values have a clear link to microbial communities and degradation. We identified trends in natural, drained and rewetted conditions and concluded that 15N depth profiles can act as a reliable and efficient tool for obtaining information on current hydrology, restoration success and drainage history.
Martin Erlandsson Lampa, Harald U. Sverdrup, Kevin H. Bishop, Salim Belyazid, Ali Ameli, and Stephan J. Köhler
SOIL, 6, 231–244, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-231-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-231-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we demonstrate how new equations describing base cation release from mineral weathering can reproduce patterns in observations from stream and soil water. This is a major step towards modeling base cation cycling on the catchment scale, which would be valuable for defining the highest sustainable rates of forest harvest and levels of acidifying deposition.
Benjamin Andrieux, David Paré, Julien Beguin, Pierre Grondin, and Yves Bergeron
SOIL, 6, 195–213, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-195-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-195-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our study aimed to disentangle the contribution of several drivers to explaining the proportion of soil carbon that can be released to CO2 through microbial respiration. We found that boreal-forest soil chemistry is an important driver of the amount of carbon that microbes can process. Our results emphasize the need to include the effects of soil chemistry into models of carbon cycling to better anticipate the role played by boreal-forest soils in carbon-cycle–climate feedbacks.
Jonathan Sanderman and A. Stuart Grandy
SOIL, 6, 131–144, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-131-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-131-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Soils contain one of the largest and most dynamic pools of carbon on Earth, yet scientists still struggle to understand the reactivity and fate of soil organic matter upon disturbance. In this study, we found that with increasing thermal stability, the turnover time of organic matter increased from decades to centuries with a concurrent shift in chemical composition. In this proof-of-concept study, we found that ramped thermal analyses can provide new insights for understanding soil carbon.
Carlos Alberto Quesada, Claudia Paz, Erick Oblitas Mendoza, Oliver Lawrence Phillips, Gustavo Saiz, and Jon Lloyd
SOIL, 6, 53–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-53-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-53-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Amazon soils hold as much carbon (C) as is contained in the vegetation. In this work we sampled soils across 8 different Amazonian countries to try to understand which soil properties control current Amazonian soil C concentrations. We confirm previous knowledge that highly developed soils hold C through clay content interactions but also show a previously unreported mechanism of soil C stabilization in the younger Amazonian soil types which hold C through aluminium organic matter interactions.
Songyu Yang, Boris Jansen, Samira Absalah, Rutger L. van Hall, Karsten Kalbitz, and Erik L. H. Cammeraat
SOIL, 6, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-1-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-1-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Soils store large carbon and are important for global warming. We do not know what factors are important for soil carbon storage in the alpine Andes or how they work. We studied how rainfall affects soil carbon storage related to soil structure. We found soil structure is not important, but soil carbon storage and stability controlled by rainfall is dependent on rocks under the soils. The results indicate that we should pay attention to the rocks when we study soil carbon storage in the Andes.
Samuel Bouchoms, Zhengang Wang, Veerle Vanacker, and Kristof Van Oost
SOIL, 5, 367–382, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-367-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-367-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Soil erosion has detrimental effects on soil fertility which can reduce carbon inputs coming from crops to soils. Our study integrated this effect into a model linking soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics to erosion and crop productivity. When compared to observations, the inclusion of productivity improved SOC loss predictions. Over centuries, ignoring crop productivity evolution in models could result in underestimating SOC loss and overestimating C exchanged with the atmosphere.
Nicholas P. Rosenstock, Johan Stendahl, Gregory van der Heijden, Lars Lundin, Eric McGivney, Kevin Bishop, and Stefan Löfgren
SOIL, 5, 351–366, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-351-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-351-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Biofuel harvests from forests involve large removals of available nutrients, necessitating accurate measurements of soil nutrient stocks. We found that dilute hydrochloric acid extractions from soils released far more Ca, Na, and K than classical salt–extracted exchangeable nutrient pools. The size of these acid–extractable pools may indicate that forest ecosystems could sustain greater biomass extractions of Ca, Mg, and K than are predicted from salt–extracted exchangeable base cation pools.
Tiphaine Chevallier, Kenji Fujisaki, Olivier Roupsard, Florian Guidat, Rintaro Kinoshita, Elias de Melo Viginio Filho, Peter Lehner, and Alain Albrecht
SOIL, 5, 315–332, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-315-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-315-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest terrestrial C stock. Andosols of volcanic areas hold particularly large stocks (e.g. from 24 to 72 kgC m−2 in the upper 2 m of soil) as determined via MIR spectrometry at our Costa Rican study site: a 1 km2 basin covered by coffee agroforestry. Andic soil properties explained this high variability, which did not correlate with stocks in the upper 20 cm of soil. Topography and pedogenesis are needed to understand the SOC stocks at landscape scales.
Katelyn A. Congreves, Trang Phan, and Richard E. Farrell
SOIL, 5, 265–274, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-265-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-265-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
There are surprising grey areas in the precise quantification of pathways that produce nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, as influenced by soil moisture. Here, we take a new look at a classic study but use isotopomers as a powerful tool to determine the source pathways of nitrous oxide as regulated by soil moisture. Our results support earlier research, but we contribute scientific advancements by providing models that enable quantifying source partitioning rather than just inferencing.
Eric McGivney, Jon Petter Gustafsson, Salim Belyazid, Therese Zetterberg, and Stefan Löfgren
SOIL, 5, 63–77, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-63-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-63-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Forest management may lead to long-term soil acidification due to the removal of base cations during harvest. By means of the HD-MINTEQ model, we compared the acidification effects of harvesting with the effects of historical acid rain at three forested sites in Sweden. The effects of harvesting on pH were predicted to be much smaller than those resulting from acid deposition during the 20th century. There were only very small changes in predicted weathering rates due to acid rain or harvest.
Veronika Kronnäs, Cecilia Akselsson, and Salim Belyazid
SOIL, 5, 33–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-33-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-33-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Weathering rates in forest soils are important for sustainable forestry but cannot be measured. In this paper, we have modelled weathering with the commonly used PROFILE model as well as with the dynamic model ForSAFE, better suited to a changing climate with changing human activities but never before tested for weathering calculations. We show that ForSAFE gives comparable weathering rates to PROFILE and that it shows the variation in weathering with time and works well for scenario modelling.
Jon Petter Gustafsson, Salim Belyazid, Eric McGivney, and Stefan Löfgren
SOIL, 4, 237–250, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-237-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-237-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates how different dynamic soil chemistry models describe the processes governing aluminium and base cations in acid soil waters. We find that traditional cation-exchange equations, which are still used in many models, diverge from state-of-the-art complexation submodels such as WHAM, SHM, and NICA-Donnan when large fluctuations in pH or ionic strength occur. In conclusion, the complexation models provide a better basis for the modelling of chemical dynamics in acid soils.
Cited articles
Albert, R. M., Bamford, M. K., and Esteban, I.: Reconstruction of ancient
palm vegetation landscapes using a phytolith approach, Quaternary
Int., 369, 51–66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.06.067,
2015.
Alexandre, A., Meunier, J.-D., Colin, F., and Koud, J.-M.: Plant impact on
the biogeochemical cycle of silicon and related weathering processes,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 61, 677–682,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00001-X, 1997.
Allen, K., Corre, M. D., Kurniawan, S., Utami, S. R., and Veldkamp, E.:
Spatial variability surpasses land-use change effects on soil biochemical
properties of converted lowland landscapes in Sumatra, Indonesia, Geoderma,
284, 42–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.08.010, 2016.
Arshad, A. M.: Physical land evaluation for oil palm cultivation in district
of Temerloh and Kuantan, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia, J. Biol.
Agr. Health., 5, 104–112, 2015.
Barão, L., Clymans, W., Vandevenne, F., Meire, P., Conley, D. J., and
Struyf, E.: Pedogenic and biogenic alkaline-extracted silicon distributions
along a temperate land-use gradient, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 65, 693–705,
https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12161, 2014.
Barão, L., Teixeira, R., Vandevenne, F., Ronchi, B., Unzué-Belmonte,
D., and Struyf, E.: Silicon Mobilization in Soils: the Broader Impact of
Land Use, Silicon, 12, 1529–1538,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-019-00245-y, 2020.
Blecker, S. W., McCulley, R. L., Chadwick, O. A., and Kelly, E. F.: Biologic
cycling of silica across a grassland bioclimosequence, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 20, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002690, 2006.
Breuning-Madsen, H., Kristensen, J. Å., Awadzi, T. W., and Murray, A.
S.: Early cultivation and bioturbation cause high long-term soil erosion
rates in tropical forests: OSL based evidence from Ghana, Catena, 151,
130–136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.12.002, 2017.
Clough, Y., Krishna, V. v., Corre, M. D., Darras, K., Denmead, L. H.,
Meijide, A., Moser, S., Musshoff, O., Steinebach, S., Veldkamp, E., Allen,
K., Barnes, A. D., Breidenbach, N., Brose, U., Buchori, D., Daniel, R.,
Finkeldey, R., Harahap, I., Hertel, D., Holtkamp, A. M., Hörandl, E.,
Irawan, B., Jaya, I. N. S., Jochum, M., Klarner, B., Knohl, A., Kotowska, M.
M., Krashevska, V., Kreft, H., Kurniawan, S., Leuschner, C., Maraun, M.,
Melati, D. N., Opfermann, N., Pérez-Cruzado, C., Prabowo, W. E.,
Rembold, K., Rizali, A., Rubiana, R., Schneider, D., Tjitrosoedirdjo, S. S.,
Tjoa, A., Tscharntke, T., and Scheu, S.: Land-use choices follow
profitability at the expense of ecological functions in Indonesian
smallholder landscapes, Nat. Commun., 7, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13137, 2016.
Clymans, W., Struyf, E., Van den Putte, A., Langhans, C., Wang, Z., and
Govers, G.: Amorphous silica mobilization by inter-rill erosion: Insights
from rainfall experiments, Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 40, 1171–1181,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3707, 2015.
Comte, I., Colin, F., Whalen, J. K., Grünberger, O., and Caliman, J.-P.:
Agricultural practices in oil palm plantations and their impact on
hydrological changes, nutrient fluxes and water quality in Indonesia: a
review, chap. 3, in: Advances in Agronomy, Vol. 116, 71–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394277-7.00003-8,
2012.
Conley, D. J., Likens, G. E., Buso, D. C., Saccone, L., Bailey, S. W., and
Johnson, C. E.: Deforestation causes increased dissolved silicate losses in
the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Glob. Change Biol., 14, 2548–2554,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01667.x, 2008.
Corley, R. H. V. and Tinker, P. B.: The Oil Palm, 5th Edn., Wiley, 687 pp.,
https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781316530122.010, 2016.
Cornelis, J., Delvaux, B., Georg, R. B., Lucas, Y., Ranger, J., and
Opfergelt, S.: Tracing the origin of dissolved silicon transferred from
various soil-plant systems towards rivers: a review, Biogeosciences, 8,
89–112, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-89-2011, 2011.
De Coster, G. L.: The Geology of the central and south sumatra basins, 77–110, 1974.
de Tombeur, F., Turner, B. L., Laliberté, E., Lambers, H., Mahy, G.,
Faucon, M. P., Zemunik, G., and Cornelis, J. T.: Plants sustain the
terrestrial silicon cycle during ecosystem retrogression, Science,
369, 1245–1248, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc0393, 2020.
Darras, K. F. A., Corre, M. D., Formaglio, G., Tjoa, A., Potapov, A.,
Brambach, F., Sibhatu, K. T., Grass, I., Rubiano, A. A., Buchori, D.,
Drescher, J., Fardiansah, R., Hölscher, D., Irawan, B., Kneib, T.,
Krashevska, V., Krause, A., Kreft, H., Li, K., Maraun, M., Polle, A.,
Ryadin, A. R., Rembold, K., Stiegler, C., Scheu, S., Tarigan, S.,
Valdés-Uribe, A., Yadi, S., Tscharntke, T., and Veldkamp, E.: Reducing
Fertilizer and Avoiding Herbicides in Oil Palm Plantations – Ecological and
Economic Valuations, Front. Forest. Glob. Change, 2, 1–15,
https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2019.00065, 2019.
Dislich, C., Keyel, A. C., Salecker, J., Kisel, Y., Meyer, K. M., Auliya,
M., Barnes, A. D., Corre, M. D., Darras, K., Faust, H., Hess, B., Klasen,
S., Knohl, A., Kreft, H., Meijide, A., Nurdiansyah, F., Otten, F., Pe'er,
G., Steinebach, S., Tarigan, S., Tölle, M. H., Tscharntke, T., and
Wiegand, K.: A review of the ecosystem functions in oil palm plantations,
using forests as a reference system, Biol. Rev., 92, 1539–1569,
https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12295, 2017.
Drescher, J., Rembold, K., Allen, K., Beckscha, P., Buchori, D., Clough, Y.,
Faust, H., Fauzi, A. M., Gunawan, D., Hertel, D., Irawan, B., Jaya, I. N.
S., Klarner, B., Kleinn, C., Knohl, A., Kotowska, M. M., Krashevska, V.,
Krishna, V., Leuschner, C., Lorenz, W., Meijide, A., Melati, D., Steinebach,
S., Tjoa, A., Tscharntke, T., Wick, B., Wiegand, K., Kreft, H., and Scheu,
S.: Ecological and socio-economic functions across tropical land use systems
after rainforest conversion, Philos. T. R. Soc.
B, 371, 20150275,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0275, 2016.
Dürr, H. H., Meybeck, M., Hartmann, J., Laruelle, G. G., and Roubeix,
V.: Global spatial distribution of natural riverine silica inputs to the
coastal zone, Biogeosciences, 8, 597–620,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-597-2011, 2011.
Epstein, E.: Silicon: its manifold roles in plants, Ann. Appl.
Biol., 155, 155–160, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2009.00343.x,
2009.
Euler, M., Schwarze, S., Siregar, H., and Qaim, M.: Oil Palm Expansion among
Smallholder Farmers in Sumatra, Indonesia, J. Agric. Econ., 67, 658–676,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12163, 2016.
Formaglio, G., Veldkamp, E., Duan, X., Tjoa, A., and Corre, M. D.: Herbicide weed control increases nutrient leaching compared to mechanical weeding in a large-scale oil palm plantation, Biogeosciences, 17, 5243–5262, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5243-2020, 2020.
Fox, J. and Weisberg, S.: An {R} Companion to
Applied Regression, 3rd Edn., Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage, https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/jfox/Books/Companion/ (last access: 8 February 2023), 2019.
Fraysse, F., Pokrovsky, O. S., Schott, J., and Meunier, J.-D.: Surface
chemistry and reactivity of plant phytoliths in aqueous solutions, Chem.
Geol., 258, 197–206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.10.003, 2009.
Georgiadis, A., Sauer, D., Herrmann, L., Breuer, J., Zarei, M., and Stahr,
K.: Development of a method for sequential Si extraction from soils,
Geoderma, 209, 251–261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.06.023,
2013.
Georgiadis, A., Rinklebe, J., Straubinger, M., and Rennert, T.: Silicon
fractionation in Mollic Fluvisols along the Central Elbe River, Germany,
Catena (Amst), 153, 100–105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.01.027,
2017.
Grass, I., Kubitza, C., Krishna, V. v., Corre, M. D., Mußhoff, O.,
Pütz, P., Drescher, J., Rembold, K., Ariyanti, E. S., Barnes, A. D.,
Brinkmann, N., Brose, U., Brümmer, B., Buchori, D., Daniel, R., Darras,
K. F. A., Faust, H., Fehrmann, L., Hein, J., Hennings, N., Hidayat, P.,
Hölscher, D., Jochum, M., Knohl, A., Kotowska, M. M., Krashevska, V.,
Kreft, H., Leuschner, C., Lobite, N. J. S., Panjaitan, R., Polle, A.,
Potapov, A. M., Purnama, E., Qaim, M., Röll, A., Scheu, S., Schneider,
D., Tjoa, A., Tscharntke, T., Veldkamp, E., and Wollni, M.: Trade-offs
between multifunctionality and profit in tropical smallholder landscapes,
Nat. Commun., 11, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15013-5, 2020.
Grasshoff, K., Kremling, K., and Ehrhardt, M.: Methods of sea water
analysis, 3rd Edn., John Wiley & Sons, 899 pp.,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(78)90045-2, 2009.
Guillaume, T., Damris, M., and Kuzyakov, Y.: Losses of soil carbon by
converting tropical forest to plantations: erosion and decomposition
estimated by δ13C, Glob. Change Biol., 21, 3548–3560,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12907, 2015.
Guillaume, T., Holtkamp, A. M., Damris, M., Brümmer, B., and Kuzyakov,
Y.: Soil degradation in oil palm and rubber plantations under land resource
scarcity, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 232, 110–118,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.07.002, 2016.
Guntzer, F., Keller, C., and Meunier, J. D.: Benefits of plant silicon for
crops: A review, Agron. Sustain. Dev., 32, 201–213,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0039-8, 2012.
Harrison, R. D. and Swinfield, T.: Restoration of logged humid tropical
forests: An experimental programme at harapan rainforest, Indonesia, Trop.
Conserv. Sci., 8, 4–16, https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291500800103, 2015.
Haynes, R. J.: A contemporary overview of silicon availability in
agricultural soils, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 177,
831–844, https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201400202, 2014.
Hennings, N., Becker, J. N., Guillaume, T., Damris, M., Dippold, M. A., and
Kuzyakov, Y.: Riparian wetland properties counter the effect of land-use
change on soil carbon stocks after rainforest conversion to plantations,
Catena, 196, 104941, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104941,
2021.
Huisman, S. N., Raczka, M. F., and McMichael, C. N. H.: Palm phytoliths of
mid-elevation Andean forests, Front. Ecol. Evol., 6, 1–8,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00193, 2018.
Iler, R. K.: The chemistry of silica: solubility, polymerization, colloid
and surface properties, and biochemistry, Wiley & Sons, Wiley, 896 pp.,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19800920433, 1979.
Kassambara, A.: ggpubr: “ggplot2” Based Publication Ready Plots R package
version 0.5.0, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ggpubr (last access: 8 February 2023), 2022.
Kee, K. K. and Chew, P. S.: Nutrient loss through surface runoff and soil erosion – implications for improved fertiliser efficiency in mature oil palms, in: Proc. PORIM Int. Oil Palm Congr., 153–169, Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 1996.
Keller, C., Guntzer, F., Barboni, D., Labreuche, J., and Meunier, J.-D.:
Impact of agriculture on the Si biogeochemical cycle: Input from phytolith
studies, Compt. Rend. Geosci., 344, 739–746,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2012.10.004, 2012.
Klotzbücher, T., Klotzbücher, A., Kaiser, K., Merbach, I., and
Mikutta, R.: Impact of agricultural practices on plant-available silicon,
Geoderma, 331, 15–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.06.011, 2018.
Kotowska, M. M., Leuschner, C., Triadiati, T., Meriem, S., and Hertel, D.:
Quantifying above- and belowground biomass carbon loss with forest
conversion in tropical lowlands of Sumatra (Indonesia), Glob. Change Biol., 21,
3620–3634, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12979, 2015.
Kraushaar, S., Konzett, M., and Meister, J.: Suitability of phytoliths as a
quantitative process tracer for soil erosion studies, Earth Surf. Proc. Landf., 46,
1797–1808,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5121, 2021.
Laumonier, Y.: The Vegetation and Physiography of Sumatra, in: Geobotany,
Vol. 22, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 223,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0031-8, 1997.
Li, Z., de Tombeur, F., vander Linden, C., Cornelis, J. T., and Delvaux, B.:
Soil microaggregates store phytoliths in a sandy loam, Geoderma, 360,
114037, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114037, 2020.
Luke, S. H., Purnomo, D., Advento, A. D., Aryawan, A. A. K., Naim, M.,
Pikstein, R. N., Ps, S., Rambe, T. D. S., Soeprapto, Caliman, J.-P.,
Snaddon, J. L., Foster, W. A., and Turner, E. C.: Effects of understory
vegetation management on plant communities in oil palm plantations in
Sumatra, Indonesia, Front. Forest. Glob. Change, 2, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2019.00033, 2019.
Ma, J. F. and Takahashi, E.: Silicon-accumulating plants in the plant
kingdom, in: Soil, fertilizer, and plant silicon research in Japan, Elsevier
Science, Amsterdam, 63–71,
https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-044451166-9/50005-1, 2002.
Maene, L. M., Thong, K. C., Ong, T. S., and Mokhtaruddin, A. M.: Surface wash under mature oil palm, in: Proc. Symp. Water in agriculture in Malaysia, edited by: Pushparajah, E., 204–216, Malaysian Society of Soil Science, Kuala Lumpur, 1979.
Meijaard, E., Brooks, T., Carlson, K. M., Slade, E. M., and Ulloa, J. G.:
The environmental impacts of palm oil in context, Nat. Plants, 6, 1418–1426,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-00813-w, 2020.
Meunier, J. D., Keller, C., Guntzer, F., Riotte, J., Braun, J. J., and
Anupama, K.: Assessment of the 1 % Na2CO3 technique to quantify the
phytolith pool, Geoderma, 216, 30–35,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.10.014, 2014.
Munevar, F. and Romero, A.: Soil and plant silicon status in oil palm crops
in Colombia, Exp. Agric., 51, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479714000374,
2015.
Oliveira, P. T. S., Wendland, E., and Nearing, M. A.: Rainfall erosivity in
Brazil: a review, Catena, 100, 139–147,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2012.08.006, 2013.
Qaim, M., Sibhatu, K. T., Siregar, H., and Grass, I.: Environmental,
Economic, and Social Consequences of the Oil Palm Boom, Annu. Rev. Resour.
Econ., 12, 1–24,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-110119-024922, 2020.
Quigley, K. M., Donati, G. L., and Anderson, T. M.: Variation in the soil
`silicon landscape' explains plant silica accumulation across environmental
gradients in Serengeti, Plant Soil, 410, 217–229,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-3000-4, 2017.
Revelle, W.: psych: Procedures for Personality and Psychological Research, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois, USA,
2022.
Sauer, D., Saccone, L., Conley, D. J., Herrmann, L., and Sommer, M.: Review
of methodologies for extracting plant-available and amorphous Si from soils
and aquatic sediments, Biogeochemistry, 80, 89–108,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-5879-3, 2006.
Schaller, J. and Puppe, D.: Heat improves silicon availability in mineral
soils, Geoderma, 386, 114909,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114909, 2021.
Schaller, J., Frei, S., Rohn, L., and Gilfedder, B. S.: Amorphous silica
controls water storage capacity and phosphorus mobility in soils, Front.
Environ. Sci., 8, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00094, 2020.
Schaller, J., Puppe, D., Kaczorek, D., Ellerbrock, R., and Sommer, M.:
Silicon cycling in soils revisited, Plants, 10, 1–36,
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020295, 2021.
Sinukaban, N., Tarigan, S. D., Purwakusuma, W., Baskoro, D. P. T., and
Wahyuni, E. D.: Analysis of watershed function sediment transfer across
various type of filter strips, Final report to ICRAF, 72 pp., 2000.
Street-Perrott, F. A. and Barker, P. A.: Biogenic silica: a neglected
component of the coupled global continental biogeochemical cycles of carbon
and silicon, Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 33, 1436–1457,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1712 F., 2008.
Struyf, E. and Conley, D.: Emerging understanding of the ecosystem silica
filter, Biogeochemistry, 107, 9–18,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-011-9590-2 SYNTHESIS, 2012.
Struyf, E. and Conley, D. J.: Silica: an essential nutrient in wetland
biogeochemistry, Front. Ecol. Environ., 7, 88–94,
https://doi.org/10.1890/070126, 2009.
Struyf, E., Smis, A., Van Damme, S., Garnier, J., Govers, G., Van Wesemael,
B., Conley, D. J., Batelaan, O., Frot, E., Clymans, W., Vandevenne, F.,
Lancelot, C., Goos, P., and Meire, P.: Historical land use change has
lowered terrestrial silica mobilization, Nat. Commun., 1, 1–7,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1128, 2010.
Tarigan, S., Stiegler, C., Wiegand, K., Knohl, A., and Murtilaksono, K.:
Relative contribution of evapotranspiration and soil compaction to the
fluctuation of catchment discharge: case study from a plantation landscape,
Hydrol. Sci. J., 65, 1239–1248,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2020.1739287, 2020.
Tsujino, R., Yumoto, T., Kitamura, S., Djamaluddin, I., and Darnaedi, D.:
History of forest loss and degradation in Indonesia, Land Use Policy, 57,
335–347, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.05.034, 2016.
Unzué-Belmonte, D., Ameijeiras-Mariño, Y., Opfergelt, S., Cornelis,
J. T., Barão, L., Minella, J., Meire, P., and Struyf, E.: Land use
change affects biogenic silica pool distribution in a subtropical soil
toposequence, Solid Earth, 8, 737–750,
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-737-2017, 2017.
vander Linden, C. and Delvaux, B.: The weathering stage of tropical soils
affects the soil-plant cycle of silicon, but depending on land use,
Geoderma, 351, 209–220, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.05.033,
2019.
Vandevenne, F., Struyf, E., Clymans, W., and Meire, P.: Agricultural silica
harvest: have humans created a new loop in the global silica cycle?, Front.
Ecol. Environ., 10, 243–248, https://doi.org/10.1890/110046, 2012.
von der Lühe, B., Pauli, L., Greenshields, B., Hughes, H. J., Tjoa, A.,
and Sauer, D.: Transformation of Lowland Rainforest into Oil-palm
Plantations and use of Fire alter Topsoil and Litter Silicon Pools and
Fluxes, Silicon, 13, 4345–4353, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00680-2,
2020.
Wickham, H.: ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis, Springer-Verlag New York, 2016.
Short summary
Silicon (Si) research could provide complementary measures in sustainably cultivating oil-palm monocultures. Our study shows that current oil-palm management practices and topsoil erosion on oil-palm plantations in Indonesia have caused a spatial distribution of essential Si pools in soil. A lack of well-balanced Si levels in topsoil could negatively affect crop yield and soil fertility for future replanting at the same plantation site. Potential measures are suggested to maintain Si cycling.
Silicon (Si) research could provide complementary measures in sustainably cultivating oil-palm...
