Articles | Volume 2, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-199-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-199-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Original research article
| 
19 May 2016
Original research article |
| 19 May 2016
Fire affects root decomposition, soil food web structure, and carbon flow in tallgrass prairie
E. Ashley Shaw
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Karolien Denef
Central Instrument Facility, Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Cecilia Milano de Tomasel
Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
M. Francesca Cotrufo
Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Diana H. Wall
Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Stefano Manzoni and M. Francesca Cotrufo
Biogeosciences, 21, 4077–4098, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4077-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4077-2024, 2024
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Organic carbon and nitrogen are stabilized in soils via microbial assimilation and stabilization of necromass (in vivo pathway) or via adsorption of the products of extracellular decomposition (ex vivo pathway). Here we use a diagnostic model to quantify which stabilization pathway is prevalent using data on residue-derived carbon and nitrogen incorporation in mineral-associated organic matter. We find that the in vivo pathway is dominant in fine-textured soils with low organic matter content.
Rebecca J. Even, Megan B. Machmuller, Jocelyn M. Lavallee, Tamara J. Zelikova, and M. Francesca Cotrufo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1470, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1470, 2024
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We conducted a service soil laboratory comparison study and tested the individual effect of common sieving, grinding, drying and quantification methods on total, inorganic, and organic soil carbon (C) measurements. We found that inter-lab variability is large and each soil processing step impacts C measurement accuracy and/or precision. Standardizing soil processing methods is needed to ensure C measurements are accurate and precise, especially for C credit allocation and model calibration.
Sam J. Leuthold, Jocelyn M. Lavallee, Bruno Basso, William F. Brinton, and M. Francesca Cotrufo
SOIL, 10, 307–319, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-307-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-307-2024, 2024
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We examined physical soil organic matter fractions to understand their relationship to temporal variability in crop yield at field scale. We found that interactions between crop productivity, topography, and climate led to variability in soil organic matter stocks among different yield stability zones. Our results imply that linkages between soil organic matter and yield stability may be scale-dependent and that particulate organic matter may be an indicator of unstable areas within croplands.
Melisa A. Diaz, Lee B. Corbett, Paul R. Bierman, Byron J. Adams, Diana H. Wall, Ian D. Hogg, Noah Fierer, and W. Berry Lyons
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1363–1380, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1363-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1363-2021, 2021
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We collected soil surface samples and depth profiles every 5 cm (up to 30 cm) from 11 ice-free areas along the Shackleton Glacier, a major outlet glacier of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS), and measured meteoric beryllium-10 and nitrate concentrations to understand the relationship between salts and beryllium-10. This relationship can help inform wetting history, landscape disturbance, and exposure duration.
Yao Zhang, Jocelyn M. Lavallee, Andy D. Robertson, Rebecca Even, Stephen M. Ogle, Keith Paustian, and M. Francesca Cotrufo
Biogeosciences, 18, 3147–3171, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3147-2021, 2021
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Soil organic matter (SOM) is essential for the health of soils, and the accumulation of SOM helps removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. Here we present the result of the continued development of a mathematical model that simulates SOM and its measurable fractions. In this study, we simulated several grassland sites in the US, and the model generally captured the carbon and nitrogen amounts in SOM and their distribution between the measurable fractions throughout the entire soil profile.
Melisa A. Diaz, Christopher B. Gardner, Susan A. Welch, W. Andrew Jackson, Byron J. Adams, Diana H. Wall, Ian D. Hogg, Noah Fierer, and W. Berry Lyons
Biogeosciences, 18, 1629–1644, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1629-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1629-2021, 2021
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Water-soluble salt and nutrient concentrations of soils collected along the Shackleton Glacier, Antarctica, show distinct geochemical gradients related to latitude, longitude, elevation, soil moisture, and distance from coast and glacier. Machine learning algorithms were used to estimate geochemical gradients for the region given the relationship with geography. Geography and surface exposure age drive salt and nutrient abundances, influencing invertebrate habitat suitability and biogeography.
Andy D. Robertson, Keith Paustian, Stephen Ogle, Matthew D. Wallenstein, Emanuele Lugato, and M. Francesca Cotrufo
Biogeosciences, 16, 1225–1248, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1225-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1225-2019, 2019
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Predicting how soils respond to varying environmental conditions or land-use change is essential if we aim to promote sustainable management practices and help mitigate climate change. Here, we present a new ecosystem-scale soil model (MEMS v1) that is built upon recent, novel findings and can be run using very few inputs. The model accurately predicted soil carbon stocks for more than 8000 sites across Europe, ranging from cold, wet forests in sandy soils to hot, dry grasslands in clays.
Roland Baatz, Pamela L. Sullivan, Li Li, Samantha R. Weintraub, Henry W. Loescher, Michael Mirtl, Peter M. Groffman, Diana H. Wall, Michael Young, Tim White, Hang Wen, Steffen Zacharias, Ingolf Kühn, Jianwu Tang, Jérôme Gaillardet, Isabelle Braud, Alejandro N. Flores, Praveen Kumar, Henry Lin, Teamrat Ghezzehei, Julia Jones, Henry L. Gholz, Harry Vereecken, and Kris Van Looy
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 593–609, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-593-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-593-2018, 2018
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Focusing on the usage of integrated models and in situ Earth observatory networks, three challenges are identified to advance understanding of ESD, in particular to strengthen links between biotic and abiotic, and above- and below-ground processes. We propose developing a model platform for interdisciplinary usage, to formalize current network infrastructure based on complementarities and operational synergies, and to extend the reanalysis concept to the ecosystem and critical zone.
Juliane Filser, Jack H. Faber, Alexei V. Tiunov, Lijbert Brussaard, Jan Frouz, Gerlinde De Deyn, Alexei V. Uvarov, Matty P. Berg, Patrick Lavelle, Michel Loreau, Diana H. Wall, Pascal Querner, Herman Eijsackers, and Juan José Jiménez
SOIL, 2, 565–582, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-565-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-565-2016, 2016
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Soils store more than 3 times as much carbon than the atmosphere, but global carbon models still suffer from large uncertainty. We argue that this may be due to the fact that soil animals are not taken into account in such models. They dig, eat and distribute dead organic matter and microorganisms, and the quantity of their activity is often huge. Soil animals affect microbial activity, soil water content, soil structure, erosion and plant growth – and all of this affects carbon cycling.
Damaris Roosendaal, Catherine E. Stewart, Karolien Denef, Ronald F. Follett, Elizabeth Pruessner, Louise H. Comas, Gary E. Varvel, Aaron Saathoff, Nathan Palmer, Gautam Sarath, Virginia L. Jin, Marty Schmer, and Madhavan Soundararajan
SOIL, 2, 185–197, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-185-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-185-2016, 2016
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Switchgrass is a deep-rooted perennial grass bioenergy crop that can sequester soil C. Although switchgrass ecotypes vary in root biomass and architecture, little is known about their effect on soil microbial communities throughout the soil profile. By examining labeled root-C uptake in the microbial community, we found that ecotypes supported different microbial communities. The more fungal community associated with the upland ecotype could promote C sequestration by enhancing soil aggregation.
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Only a minority of bacteria grow after wetting in both natural and post-mining biocrusts in a hyperarid phosphate mine
Lower functional redundancy in “narrow” than “broad” functions in global soil metagenomics
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What do we know about how the terrestrial multicellular soil fauna reacts to microplastic?
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Knowledge needs, available practices, and future challenges in agricultural soils
Technological advancements and their importance for nematode identification
Case study of microarthropod communities to assess soil quality in different managed vineyards
A meta-analysis of soil biodiversity impacts on the carbon cycle
Jorge Prieto-Rubio, José L. Garrido, Julio M. Alcántara, Concepción Azcón-Aguilar, Ana Rincón, and Álvaro López-García
SOIL, 10, 425–439, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-425-2024, 2024
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Changes in soil biological activity when microbial taxa interact remain little understood. To address this, we approach network analyses of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities. The study highlights how distinct fungi contribute to explaining community structure, whilst others mainly do for soil enzymatic activity. This differentiation between structural and functional roles of ectomycorrhizal fungi adds new insights to understand soil fungal community complexity and its functionality in soils.
Christophe Djemiel, Samuel Dequiedt, Walid Horrigue, Arthur Bailly, Mélanie Lelièvre, Julie Tripied, Charles Guilland, Solène Perrin, Gwendoline Comment, Nicolas P. A. Saby, Claudy Jolivet, Antonio Bispo, Line Boulonne, Antoine Pierart, Patrick Wincker, Corinne Cruaud, Pierre-Alain Maron, Sébastien Terrat, and Lionel Ranjard
SOIL, 10, 251–273, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-251-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-251-2024, 2024
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The fungal kingdom has been diversifying for more than 800 million years by colonizing a large number of habitats on Earth. Based on a unique dataset (18S rDNA meta-barcoding), we described the spatial distribution of fungal diversity at the scale of France and the environmental drivers by tackling biogeographical patterns. We also explored the fungal network interactions across land uses and climate types.
Yan Duan, Minghui Cao, Wenling Zhong, Yuming Wang, Zheng Ni, Mengxia Zhang, Jiangye Li, Yumei Li, Xianghai Meng, and Lifang Wu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2498, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2498, 2023
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Nitrogen (N) fertilization has received worldwide attention due to its effects on ecosystem services. However, soil multifunctionality and the underlying microbial mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we carried out in-situ field and incubation experiments. We propose that: straw return with 25 % N fertilizer reduction may achieve high soil multifunctionality by regulating soil C:N ratio and N input level and specific keystone taxa-driven community contributed to soil ecology services.
Jing Sun, Xinrui Lu, Guoshuang Chen, Nana Luo, Qilin Zhang, and Xiujun Li
SOIL, 9, 261–275, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-261-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-261-2023, 2023
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A field experiment was conducted to compare and analyze the effects of combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on soil aggregate stability mechanism, the dynamic characteristics of aggregate organic carbon, and the microbial community structure in northeast black soil. We provide a scientific basis for formulating effective strategies to slow down soil quality degradation and ensure the sustainable development of the agroecosystem.
Talia Gabay, Eva Petrova, Osnat Gillor, Yaron Ziv, and Roey Angel
SOIL, 9, 231–242, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-231-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-231-2023, 2023
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This paper evaluates bacterial growth in biocrusts after a large-scale mining disturbance in a hyperarid desert, using a stable isotope probing assay.
We discovered that biocrust bacteria from both natural and post-mining plots resumed photosynthetic activity but did not grow following hydration. Our paper provides insights into the effects of a large-scale disturbance (mining) on biocrusts and their response to hydration, with implications for biocrust restoration practices in Zin mines.
Huaihai Chen, Kayan Ma, Yu Huang, Qi Fu, Yingbo Qiu, Jiajiang Lin, Christopher W. Schadt, and Hao Chen
SOIL, 8, 297–308, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-297-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-297-2022, 2022
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By analyzing and generalizing microbial taxonomic and functional profiles, we provide strong evidence that the degree of soil microbial functional redundancy differs significantly between “broad” and “narrow” functions across the globe. Future sequencing efforts will likely increase our confidence in comparative metagenomes and provide time-series information to further identify to what extent microbial functional redundancy regulates dynamic ecological fluxes across space and time.
Anne Daebeler, Eva Petrová, Elena Kinz, Susanne Grausenburger, Helene Berthold, Taru Sandén, Roey Angel, and the high-school students of biology project groups I, II, and
III from 2018–2019
SOIL, 8, 163–176, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-163-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-163-2022, 2022
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In this citizen science project, we combined a standardised litter bag method (Tea Bag Index) with microbiome analysis of bacteria and fungi colonising the teabags to gain a holistic understanding of the carbon degradation dynamics in temperate European soils. Our method focuses only on the active part of the soil microbiome. The results show that about one-third of the prokaryotes and one-fifth of the fungal species (ASVs) in the soil were enriched in response to the presence of fresh OM.
Guoyu Lan, Chuan Yang, Zhixiang Wu, Rui Sun, Bangqian Chen, and Xicai Zhang
SOIL, 8, 149–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-149-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-149-2022, 2022
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Forest conversion alters both bacterial and fungal soil networks: it reduces bacterial network complexity and enhances fungal network complexity. This is because forest conversion changes the soil pH and other soil properties, which alters the bacterial composition and subsequent network structure. Our study demonstrates the impact of forest conversion on soil network structure, which has important implications for ecosystem functions and the health of soil ecosystems in tropical regions.
Zijun Zhou, Zengqiang Li, Kun Chen, Zhaoming Chen, Xiangzhong Zeng, Hua Yu, Song Guo, Yuxian Shangguan, Qingrui Chen, Hongzhu Fan, Shihua Tu, Mingjiang He, and Yusheng Qin
SOIL, 7, 595–609, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-595-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-595-2021, 2021
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Straw mulching is not always combined with no-till systems during conservation tillage. We explored the effects of long-term straw mulching on soil attributes with soil depths under a no-till system. Compared to straw removal, straw mulching had various effects on soil properties at different depths, the biggest difference occurring at the topsoil depth. Overall, straw mulch is highly recommended for use under the no-till system because of its benefits to soil fertility and bacterial abundance.
Munawwar A. Khan and Shams T. Khan
SOIL, 6, 513–521, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-513-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-513-2020, 2020
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Soil is a renewable resource for purposes ranging from agriculture to mineralization. Soil microbiome plays vital roles in facilitating process like providing nutrients to plants, or their mobilization for plant uptake, consequently improving plant growth and productivity. Therefore, understanding of these microbial communities and their role in soil is crucial for exploring the possibility of using microbial community inoculants for improving desert soil fertility and agricultural potential.
Selvaraj Aravindh, Chinnappan Chinnadurai, and Dananjeyan Balachandar
SOIL, 6, 483–497, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-483-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-483-2020, 2020
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Soil quality is important for functioning of the agricultural ecosystem to sustain productivity. It is combination of several physical, chemical, and biological attributes. In the present work, we developed a soil biological quality index, a sub-set of the soil quality index (SBQI) using six important biological variables. These variables were computed from long-term manurial experimental soils and transformed into a unitless 10-scaled SBQI. This will provide constraints of soil processes.
Frederick Büks, Nicolette Loes van Schaik, and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL, 6, 245–267, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-245-2020, 2020
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Via anthropogenic input, microplastics (MPs) today represent a part of the soil organic matter. We analyzed studies on passive translocation, active ingestion, bioaccumulation and adverse effects of MPs on multicellular soil faunal life. These studies on a wide range of soil organisms found a recurring pattern of adverse effects on motility, growth, metabolism, reproduction, mortality and gut microbiome. However, the shape and type of the experimental MP often did not match natural conditions.
Marshall D. McDaniel and A. Stuart Grandy
SOIL, 2, 583–599, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-583-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-583-2016, 2016
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Modern agriculture is dominated by monoculture crop production, having negative effects on soil biology. We used a 12-year crop rotation experiment to examine the effects of increasing crop diversity on soil microorganisms and their activity. Crop rotations increased microbial biomass by up to 112 %, and increased potential ability to supply nitrogen as much as 58 %, compared to monoculture corn. Collectively, our findings show that soil health is increased when crop diversity is increased.
Karen A. Thompson, Bill Deen, and Kari E. Dunfield
SOIL, 2, 523–535, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-523-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-523-2016, 2016
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Dedicated bioenergy crops are required for future energy production; however the effects of land use change from traditional crops to biofuel crops on soil microbial communities, which drive greenhouse gas production, are largely unknown. We used quantitative PCR to enumerate these microbial communities to assess the sustainability of different bioenergy crops, including miscanthus and corn. We found that miscanthus may be a suitable crop for bioenergy production in variable Ontario conditions.
Georgina Key, Mike G. Whitfield, Julia Cooper, Franciska T. De Vries, Martin Collison, Thanasis Dedousis, Richard Heathcote, Brendan Roth, Shamal Mohammed, Andrew Molyneux, Wim H. Van der Putten, Lynn V. Dicks, William J. Sutherland, and Richard D. Bardgett
SOIL, 2, 511–521, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-511-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-511-2016, 2016
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Enhancing soil health is key to providing ecosystem services and food security. There are often trade-offs to using a particular practice, or it is not fully understood. This work aimed to identify practices beneficial to soil health and gaps in our knowledge. We reviewed existing research on agricultural practices and an expert panel assessed their effectiveness. The three most beneficial practices used a mix of organic or inorganic material, cover crops, or crop rotations.
Mohammed Ahmed, Melanie Sapp, Thomas Prior, Gerrit Karssen, and Matthew Alan Back
SOIL, 2, 257–270, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-257-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-257-2016, 2016
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This review covers the history and advances made in the area of nematode taxonomy. It highlights the success and limitations of the classical approach to nematode taxonomy and provides reader with a bit of background to the applications of protein and DNA-based methods for identification nematodes. The review also outlines the pros and cons of the use of DNA barcoding in nematology and explains how DNA metabarcoding has been applied in nematology through next-generation sequencing.
E. Gagnarli, D. Goggioli, F. Tarchi, S. Guidi, R. Nannelli, N. Vignozzi, G. Valboa, M. R. Lottero, L. Corino, and S. Simoni
SOIL, 1, 527–536, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-527-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-527-2015, 2015
M.-A. de Graaff, J. Adkins, P. Kardol, and H. L. Throop
SOIL, 1, 257–271, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-257-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-257-2015, 2015
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Short summary
We investigated fire's effects on root decomposition and carbon (C) flow to the soil food web. We used 13C-labeled dead roots buried in microcosms constructed from two burn treatment soils (annual and infrequent burn). Our results showed greater root decomposition and C flow to the soil food web for the annual burn compared to infrequent burn treatment. Thus, roots are a more important C source for decomposers in annually burned areas where surface plant litter is frequently removed by fire.
We investigated fire's effects on root decomposition and carbon (C) flow to the soil food web....
