Articles | Volume 2, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-199-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-199-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Original research article
| 
19 May 2016
Original research article |
| 19 May 2016
Fire affects root decomposition, soil food web structure, and carbon flow in tallgrass prairie
E. Ashley Shaw
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Karolien Denef
Central Instrument Facility, Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Cecilia Milano de Tomasel
Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
M. Francesca Cotrufo
Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Diana H. Wall
Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Stefano Manzoni and Francesca Cotrufo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1092, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1092, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Organic carbon and nitrogen are stabilized in soils via microbial assimilation and stabilization of necromass (in vivo pathway) or via adsorption of the products of extra-cellular decomposition (ex vivo pathway). Here we use a diagnostic model to quantify which stabilization pathway is prevalent, using data on residue-derived carbon and nitrogen incorporation in mineral associated organic matter. We find that the in vivo pathway is dominant in fine-textured soils with low organic matter content.
Sam J. Leuthold, Jocelyn M. Lavallee, Bruno Basso, William F. Brinton, and M. Francesca Cotrufo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2327, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2327, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examined physical soil organic matter fractions to understand their relationship to temporal variability in crop yield at the field scale. We found that interactions between crop productivity, topography, and climate led to variability in soil organic matter stocks among different yield stability zones. Our results imply linkages between soil organic matter and yield stability may be scale-dependent, and that particulate organic matter may be an indicator of unstable areas within croplands.
Melisa A. Diaz, Lee B. Corbett, Paul R. Bierman, Byron J. Adams, Diana H. Wall, Ian D. Hogg, Noah Fierer, and W. Berry Lyons
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1363–1380, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1363-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1363-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We collected soil surface samples and depth profiles every 5 cm (up to 30 cm) from 11 ice-free areas along the Shackleton Glacier, a major outlet glacier of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS), and measured meteoric beryllium-10 and nitrate concentrations to understand the relationship between salts and beryllium-10. This relationship can help inform wetting history, landscape disturbance, and exposure duration.
Yao Zhang, Jocelyn M. Lavallee, Andy D. Robertson, Rebecca Even, Stephen M. Ogle, Keith Paustian, and M. Francesca Cotrufo
Biogeosciences, 18, 3147–3171, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3147-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic matter (SOM) is essential for the health of soils, and the accumulation of SOM helps removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. Here we present the result of the continued development of a mathematical model that simulates SOM and its measurable fractions. In this study, we simulated several grassland sites in the US, and the model generally captured the carbon and nitrogen amounts in SOM and their distribution between the measurable fractions throughout the entire soil profile.
Melisa A. Diaz, Christopher B. Gardner, Susan A. Welch, W. Andrew Jackson, Byron J. Adams, Diana H. Wall, Ian D. Hogg, Noah Fierer, and W. Berry Lyons
Biogeosciences, 18, 1629–1644, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1629-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1629-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Water-soluble salt and nutrient concentrations of soils collected along the Shackleton Glacier, Antarctica, show distinct geochemical gradients related to latitude, longitude, elevation, soil moisture, and distance from coast and glacier. Machine learning algorithms were used to estimate geochemical gradients for the region given the relationship with geography. Geography and surface exposure age drive salt and nutrient abundances, influencing invertebrate habitat suitability and biogeography.
Andy D. Robertson, Keith Paustian, Stephen Ogle, Matthew D. Wallenstein, Emanuele Lugato, and M. Francesca Cotrufo
Biogeosciences, 16, 1225–1248, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1225-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1225-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting how soils respond to varying environmental conditions or land-use change is essential if we aim to promote sustainable management practices and help mitigate climate change. Here, we present a new ecosystem-scale soil model (MEMS v1) that is built upon recent, novel findings and can be run using very few inputs. The model accurately predicted soil carbon stocks for more than 8000 sites across Europe, ranging from cold, wet forests in sandy soils to hot, dry grasslands in clays.
Roland Baatz, Pamela L. Sullivan, Li Li, Samantha R. Weintraub, Henry W. Loescher, Michael Mirtl, Peter M. Groffman, Diana H. Wall, Michael Young, Tim White, Hang Wen, Steffen Zacharias, Ingolf Kühn, Jianwu Tang, Jérôme Gaillardet, Isabelle Braud, Alejandro N. Flores, Praveen Kumar, Henry Lin, Teamrat Ghezzehei, Julia Jones, Henry L. Gholz, Harry Vereecken, and Kris Van Looy
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 593–609, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-593-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-593-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Focusing on the usage of integrated models and in situ Earth observatory networks, three challenges are identified to advance understanding of ESD, in particular to strengthen links between biotic and abiotic, and above- and below-ground processes. We propose developing a model platform for interdisciplinary usage, to formalize current network infrastructure based on complementarities and operational synergies, and to extend the reanalysis concept to the ecosystem and critical zone.
Juliane Filser, Jack H. Faber, Alexei V. Tiunov, Lijbert Brussaard, Jan Frouz, Gerlinde De Deyn, Alexei V. Uvarov, Matty P. Berg, Patrick Lavelle, Michel Loreau, Diana H. Wall, Pascal Querner, Herman Eijsackers, and Juan José Jiménez
SOIL, 2, 565–582, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-565-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-565-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Soils store more than 3 times as much carbon than the atmosphere, but global carbon models still suffer from large uncertainty. We argue that this may be due to the fact that soil animals are not taken into account in such models. They dig, eat and distribute dead organic matter and microorganisms, and the quantity of their activity is often huge. Soil animals affect microbial activity, soil water content, soil structure, erosion and plant growth – and all of this affects carbon cycling.
Damaris Roosendaal, Catherine E. Stewart, Karolien Denef, Ronald F. Follett, Elizabeth Pruessner, Louise H. Comas, Gary E. Varvel, Aaron Saathoff, Nathan Palmer, Gautam Sarath, Virginia L. Jin, Marty Schmer, and Madhavan Soundararajan
SOIL, 2, 185–197, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-185-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-185-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Switchgrass is a deep-rooted perennial grass bioenergy crop that can sequester soil C. Although switchgrass ecotypes vary in root biomass and architecture, little is known about their effect on soil microbial communities throughout the soil profile. By examining labeled root-C uptake in the microbial community, we found that ecotypes supported different microbial communities. The more fungal community associated with the upland ecotype could promote C sequestration by enhancing soil aggregation.
Related subject area
Soil biodiversity and soil health
Unraveling biogeographical patterns and environmental drivers of soil fungal diversity at the French national scale
Biochar promotes soil aggregate stability and associated organic carbon sequestration and regulates microbial community structures in Mollisols from northeast China
Only a minority of bacteria grow after wetting in both natural and post-mining biocrusts in a hyperarid phosphate mine
Lower functional redundancy in “narrow” than “broad” functions in global soil metagenomics
Pairing litter decomposition with microbial community structures using the Tea Bag Index (TBI)
Network complexity of rubber plantations is lower than tropical forests for soil bacteria but not for fungi
Changes in soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities at different soil depths after long-term straw mulching under a no-till system
Microbial communities and their predictive functional profiles in the arid soil of Saudi Arabia
Development of a soil biological quality index for soils of semi-arid tropics
What do we know about how the terrestrial multicellular soil fauna reacts to microplastic?
Soil microbial biomass and function are altered by 12 years of crop rotation
Soil denitrifier community size changes with land use change to perennial bioenergy cropping systems
Knowledge needs, available practices, and future challenges in agricultural soils
Technological advancements and their importance for nematode identification
Case study of microarthropod communities to assess soil quality in different managed vineyards
A meta-analysis of soil biodiversity impacts on the carbon cycle
Christophe Djemiel, Samuel Dequiedt, Walid Horrigue, Arthur Bailly, Mélanie Lelièvre, Julie Tripied, Charles Guilland, Solène Perrin, Gwendoline Comment, Nicolas P. A. Saby, Claudy Jolivet, Antonio Bispo, Line Boulonne, Antoine Pierart, Patrick Wincker, Corinne Cruaud, Pierre-Alain Maron, Sébastien Terrat, and Lionel Ranjard
SOIL, 10, 251–273, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-251-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-251-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The fungal kingdom has been diversifying for more than 800 million years by colonizing a large number of habitats on Earth. Based on a unique dataset (18S rDNA meta-barcoding), we described the spatial distribution of fungal diversity at the scale of France and the environmental drivers by tackling biogeographical patterns. We also explored the fungal network interactions across land uses and climate types.
Jing Sun, Xinrui Lu, Guoshuang Chen, Nana Luo, Qilin Zhang, and Xiujun Li
SOIL, 9, 261–275, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-261-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-261-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A field experiment was conducted to compare and analyze the effects of combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on soil aggregate stability mechanism, the dynamic characteristics of aggregate organic carbon, and the microbial community structure in northeast black soil. We provide a scientific basis for formulating effective strategies to slow down soil quality degradation and ensure the sustainable development of the agroecosystem.
Talia Gabay, Eva Petrova, Osnat Gillor, Yaron Ziv, and Roey Angel
SOIL, 9, 231–242, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-231-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-231-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper evaluates bacterial growth in biocrusts after a large-scale mining disturbance in a hyperarid desert, using a stable isotope probing assay.
We discovered that biocrust bacteria from both natural and post-mining plots resumed photosynthetic activity but did not grow following hydration. Our paper provides insights into the effects of a large-scale disturbance (mining) on biocrusts and their response to hydration, with implications for biocrust restoration practices in Zin mines.
Huaihai Chen, Kayan Ma, Yu Huang, Qi Fu, Yingbo Qiu, Jiajiang Lin, Christopher W. Schadt, and Hao Chen
SOIL, 8, 297–308, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-297-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-297-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
By analyzing and generalizing microbial taxonomic and functional profiles, we provide strong evidence that the degree of soil microbial functional redundancy differs significantly between “broad” and “narrow” functions across the globe. Future sequencing efforts will likely increase our confidence in comparative metagenomes and provide time-series information to further identify to what extent microbial functional redundancy regulates dynamic ecological fluxes across space and time.
Anne Daebeler, Eva Petrová, Elena Kinz, Susanne Grausenburger, Helene Berthold, Taru Sandén, Roey Angel, and the high-school students of biology project groups I, II, and
III from 2018–2019
SOIL, 8, 163–176, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-163-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-163-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this citizen science project, we combined a standardised litter bag method (Tea Bag Index) with microbiome analysis of bacteria and fungi colonising the teabags to gain a holistic understanding of the carbon degradation dynamics in temperate European soils. Our method focuses only on the active part of the soil microbiome. The results show that about one-third of the prokaryotes and one-fifth of the fungal species (ASVs) in the soil were enriched in response to the presence of fresh OM.
Guoyu Lan, Chuan Yang, Zhixiang Wu, Rui Sun, Bangqian Chen, and Xicai Zhang
SOIL, 8, 149–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-149-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-149-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Forest conversion alters both bacterial and fungal soil networks: it reduces bacterial network complexity and enhances fungal network complexity. This is because forest conversion changes the soil pH and other soil properties, which alters the bacterial composition and subsequent network structure. Our study demonstrates the impact of forest conversion on soil network structure, which has important implications for ecosystem functions and the health of soil ecosystems in tropical regions.
Zijun Zhou, Zengqiang Li, Kun Chen, Zhaoming Chen, Xiangzhong Zeng, Hua Yu, Song Guo, Yuxian Shangguan, Qingrui Chen, Hongzhu Fan, Shihua Tu, Mingjiang He, and Yusheng Qin
SOIL, 7, 595–609, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-595-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-595-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Straw mulching is not always combined with no-till systems during conservation tillage. We explored the effects of long-term straw mulching on soil attributes with soil depths under a no-till system. Compared to straw removal, straw mulching had various effects on soil properties at different depths, the biggest difference occurring at the topsoil depth. Overall, straw mulch is highly recommended for use under the no-till system because of its benefits to soil fertility and bacterial abundance.
Munawwar A. Khan and Shams T. Khan
SOIL, 6, 513–521, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-513-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-513-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Soil is a renewable resource for purposes ranging from agriculture to mineralization. Soil microbiome plays vital roles in facilitating process like providing nutrients to plants, or their mobilization for plant uptake, consequently improving plant growth and productivity. Therefore, understanding of these microbial communities and their role in soil is crucial for exploring the possibility of using microbial community inoculants for improving desert soil fertility and agricultural potential.
Selvaraj Aravindh, Chinnappan Chinnadurai, and Dananjeyan Balachandar
SOIL, 6, 483–497, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-483-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-483-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Soil quality is important for functioning of the agricultural ecosystem to sustain productivity. It is combination of several physical, chemical, and biological attributes. In the present work, we developed a soil biological quality index, a sub-set of the soil quality index (SBQI) using six important biological variables. These variables were computed from long-term manurial experimental soils and transformed into a unitless 10-scaled SBQI. This will provide constraints of soil processes.
Frederick Büks, Nicolette Loes van Schaik, and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL, 6, 245–267, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-245-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Via anthropogenic input, microplastics (MPs) today represent a part of the soil organic matter. We analyzed studies on passive translocation, active ingestion, bioaccumulation and adverse effects of MPs on multicellular soil faunal life. These studies on a wide range of soil organisms found a recurring pattern of adverse effects on motility, growth, metabolism, reproduction, mortality and gut microbiome. However, the shape and type of the experimental MP often did not match natural conditions.
Marshall D. McDaniel and A. Stuart Grandy
SOIL, 2, 583–599, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-583-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-583-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Modern agriculture is dominated by monoculture crop production, having negative effects on soil biology. We used a 12-year crop rotation experiment to examine the effects of increasing crop diversity on soil microorganisms and their activity. Crop rotations increased microbial biomass by up to 112 %, and increased potential ability to supply nitrogen as much as 58 %, compared to monoculture corn. Collectively, our findings show that soil health is increased when crop diversity is increased.
Karen A. Thompson, Bill Deen, and Kari E. Dunfield
SOIL, 2, 523–535, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-523-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-523-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Dedicated bioenergy crops are required for future energy production; however the effects of land use change from traditional crops to biofuel crops on soil microbial communities, which drive greenhouse gas production, are largely unknown. We used quantitative PCR to enumerate these microbial communities to assess the sustainability of different bioenergy crops, including miscanthus and corn. We found that miscanthus may be a suitable crop for bioenergy production in variable Ontario conditions.
Georgina Key, Mike G. Whitfield, Julia Cooper, Franciska T. De Vries, Martin Collison, Thanasis Dedousis, Richard Heathcote, Brendan Roth, Shamal Mohammed, Andrew Molyneux, Wim H. Van der Putten, Lynn V. Dicks, William J. Sutherland, and Richard D. Bardgett
SOIL, 2, 511–521, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-511-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-511-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Enhancing soil health is key to providing ecosystem services and food security. There are often trade-offs to using a particular practice, or it is not fully understood. This work aimed to identify practices beneficial to soil health and gaps in our knowledge. We reviewed existing research on agricultural practices and an expert panel assessed their effectiveness. The three most beneficial practices used a mix of organic or inorganic material, cover crops, or crop rotations.
Mohammed Ahmed, Melanie Sapp, Thomas Prior, Gerrit Karssen, and Matthew Alan Back
SOIL, 2, 257–270, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-257-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-257-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This review covers the history and advances made in the area of nematode taxonomy. It highlights the success and limitations of the classical approach to nematode taxonomy and provides reader with a bit of background to the applications of protein and DNA-based methods for identification nematodes. The review also outlines the pros and cons of the use of DNA barcoding in nematology and explains how DNA metabarcoding has been applied in nematology through next-generation sequencing.
E. Gagnarli, D. Goggioli, F. Tarchi, S. Guidi, R. Nannelli, N. Vignozzi, G. Valboa, M. R. Lottero, L. Corino, and S. Simoni
SOIL, 1, 527–536, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-527-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-527-2015, 2015
M.-A. de Graaff, J. Adkins, P. Kardol, and H. L. Throop
SOIL, 1, 257–271, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-257-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-257-2015, 2015
Cited articles
Ajwa, H., Dell, C., and Rice, C.: Changes in enzyme activities and microbial biomass of tallgrass prairie soil as related to burning and nitrogen fertilization, Soil Biol. Biochem., 31, 769–777, 1999.
Albers, D., Schaefer, M., and Scheu, S.: Incorporation of plant carbon into the soil animal food web of an arable system, Ecology, 87, 235–245, 2006.
Bardgett, R. D.: The Biology of Soil: A Community and Ecosystem Approach, Oxford University Press, New York, 25–85, 2005.
Bardgett, R. D. and Cook, R.: Functional aspects of soil animal diversity in agricultural grasslands, Appl. Soil Ecol., 10, 263–276, 1998.
Bardgett, R. D., Leemans, D. K., Cook, R., and Hobbs, P. J.: Seasonality of soil biota of grazed and ungrazed hill grasslands, Soil Biol. Biochem., 29, 1285–1294, 1997.
Bardgett, R. D., Manning, P., Morriën, E., De Vries, F. T., and van der Putten, W.: Hierarchical responses of plant-soil interactions to climate change: consequences for the global carbon cycle, J. Ecol., 101, 334–343, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12043, 2013.
Blair, J. M.: Fire, N Availability, and Plant Response in Grasslands: A Test of the Transient Maxima Hypothesis, Ecology, 78, 2359–2368, 1997.
Bossio, D. A. and Scow, K. M.: Impact of carbon and flooding on the metabolic diversity of microbial communities in soils, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 61, 4043–4050, 1995.
Brenna, J. T., Corso, T. N., Tobias, H. J., and Caimi, R. J.: High-precision continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 16, 227–258, 1997.
Brussaard, L.: Soil fauna, guilds, functional groups and ecosystem processes, Appl.Soil Ecol., 9, 123–135, 1998.
Carrillo, Y., Ball, B. A., Bradford, M. A., Jordan, C. F., and Molina, M.: Soil fauna alter the effects of litter composition on nitrogen cycling in a mineral soil, Soil Biol. Biochem., 43, 1440–1449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.011, 2011.
Chahartaghi, M., Langel, R., Scheu, S., and Ruess, L.: Feeding guilds in Collembola based on nitrogen stable isotope ratios, Soil Biol. Biochem., 37, 1718–1725, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.02.006, 2005.
Coleman, D. C. and Crossley, D. A.: Fundamentals of Soil Ecology, Academic Press, New York, 216–220, 1996.
Coleman, D. C. and Hendrix, P. F.: Invertebrates as Webmasters in Ecosystems, CAB International Press, New York, 2000.
Craine, J. M., Morrow, C., and Fierer, N.: Microbial Nitrogen Limitation Increases Decomposition, Ecology, 88, 2105–2113, 2007.
Crotty, F. V., Blackshaw, R. P., Adl, S. M., Inger, R., and Murray, P. J.: Divergence of feeding channels within the soil food web determined by ecosystem type, Ecol. Evol., 4, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.905, 2014.
D'Annibale, A., Larsen, T., Sechi, V., Cortet, J., Strandberg, B., Vincze, É., Filser, J., Audisio, P. A., and Krogh, P. H.: Influence of elevated CO2 and GM barley on a soil mesofauna community in a mesocosm test system, Soil Biol. Biochem., 84, 127–136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.02.009, 2015.
Denef, K., Bubenheim, H., Lenhart, K., Vermeulen, J., Van Cleemput, O., Boeckx, P., and Müller, C.: Community shifts and carbon translocation within metabolically-active rhizosphere microorganisms in grasslands under elevated CO2, Biogeosciences, 4, 769–779, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-4-769-2007, 2007.
Denef, K., Roobroeck, D., Manimel Wadu, M. C. W., Lootens, P., and Boeckx, P.: Microbial community composition and rhizodeposit-carbon assimilation in differently managed temperate grassland soils, Soil Biol. Biochem., 41, 144–153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.008, 2009.
Docherty, K. M., Balser, T. C., Bohannan, B. J. M., and Gutknecht, J. L. M.: Soil microbial responses to fire and interacting global change factors in a California annual grassland, Biogeochemistry, 109, 63–83, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-011-9654-3, 2011.
Eisenhauer, N. and Reich, P. B.: Above- and below-ground plant inputs both fuel soil food webs, Soil Biol. Biochem., 45, 156–160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.10.019, 2012.
Elfstrand, S., Lagerlöf, J., Hedlund, K., and Mårtensson, A.: Carbon routes from decomposing plant residues and living roots into soil food webs assessed with 13C labelling, Soil Biol. Biochem., 40, 2530–2539, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.013, 2008.
Frostegård, A. and Bååth, E.: The use of phospholipid fatty acid analysis to estimate bacterial and fungal biomass in soil, Biol. Fert. Soils, 22, 59–65, 1996.
Gilbert, K. J., Fahey, T. J., Maerz, J. C., Sherman, R. E., Bohlen, P., Dombroskie, J. J., Groffman, P. M., and Yavitt, J. B.: Exploring carbon flow through the root channel in a temperate forest soil food web, Soil Biol. Biochem., 76, 45–52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.005, 2014.
Gomez, J. D., Denef, K., Stewart, C. E., Zheng, J., and Cotrufo, M. F.: Biochar addition rate influences soil microbial abundance and activity in temperate soils, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 65, 28–39, https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12097, 2014.
Goncharov, A. A., Khramova, E. Y., and Tiunov, A. V.: Spatial variations in the trophic structure of soil animal communities in boreal forests of Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve, Eurasian Soil Sci., 47, 441–448, https://doi.org/10.1134/s106422931405007x, 2014.
Hamman, S. T., Burke, I. C., and Stromberger, M. E.: Relationships between microbial community structure and soil environmental conditions in a recently burned system, Soil Biol. Biochem., 39, 1703–1711, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.01.018, 2007.
Holtkamp, R., Kardol, P., van der Wal, A., Dekker, S. C., van der Putten, W. H., and de Ruiter, P. C.: Soil food web structure during ecosystem development after land abandonment, Appl. Soil Ecol., 39, 23–34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.11.002, 2008.
Holtkamp, R., van der Wal, A., Kardol, P., van der Putten, W. H., de Ruiter, P. C., and Dekker, S. C.: Modelling C and N mineralisation in soil food webs during secondary succession on ex-arable land, Soil Biol. Biochem., 43, 251–260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.004, 2011.
Hooper, D. J.: Extraction of free-living stages from soil, in: Laboratory methods for work with plant and soil nematodes, 6th Edn., edited by: Southey, J. F., Ministery of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, 5–30, 1970.
Johnson, L. C. and Matchett, J. R.: Fire and grazing regulate belowground processes in tallgrass prairie, Ecology, 82, 3377–3389, 2001.
Jones, K. L., Todd, T. C., Wall-Beam, J. L., Coolon, J. D., Blair, J. M., and Herman, M. A.: Molecular approach for assessing responses of microbial-feeding nematodes to burning and chronic nitrogen enrichment in a native grassland, Molecular Ecology, 15, 2601–2609, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02971.x, 2006.
Kitchen, D. J., Blair, J. M., and Callaham, M.: Annual fire and mowing alter biomass, depth distribution, and C and N content of roots and soil in tallgrass prairie, Plant Soil, 323, 235–247, 2009.
Knapp, A. K. and Seastedt, T. R.: Detritus accumulation limits productivity of tallgrass prairie, Bioscience, 36, 662–668, 1986.
Knapp, A. K., Briggs, J. M., Hartnett, D. C., and Collins, S. L.: Grassland Dynamics: Longterm Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie, Oxford University Press, New York, 193–221, 1998.
Kohl, L., Laganière, J., Edwards, K. A., Billings, S. A., Morrill, P. L., Van Biesen, G., and Ziegler, S. E.: Distinct fungal and bacterial δ13C signatures as potential drivers of increasing δ13C of soil organic matter with depth, Biogeochemistry, 124, 13–26, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-015-0107-2, 2015.
Kudrin, A. A., Tsurikov, S. M., and Tiunov, A. V.: Trophic position of microbivorous and predatory soil nematodes in a boreal forest as indicated by stable isotope analysis, Soil Biol. Biochem., 86, 193–200, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.03.017, 2015.
Legendre, P. and Anderson, M. J.: Distance-Based Redundancy Analysis: Testing Multispecies Responses in Multifactorial Ecological Experiments, Ecol. Monogr., 69, 1–24, 1999.
Mamilov, A. S.: Regulation of the biomass and activity of soil microorganisms by microfauna, Microbiology, 69, 612–621, 2000.
Manzoni, S., Taylor, P., Richter, A., Porporato, A., and Agren, G. I.: Environmental and stoichiometric controls on microbial carbon-use efficiency in soils, New Phytol., 196, 79–91, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04225.x, 2012.
Nielsen, U. N., Ayres, E., Wall, D. H., and Bardgett, R. D.: Soil biodiversity and carbon cycling: a review and synthesis of studies examining diversity-function relationships, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 62, 105–116, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2010.01314.x, 2011.
Ojima, D. S., Schimel, D. S., Parton, W. J., and Owensby, C. E.: Long- and short-term effects of fire on nitrogen cycling in tallgrass prairie, Biogeochemistry, 24, 67–84, 1994.
O'Lear, H. A., Seastedt, T. R., Briggs, J. M., Blair, J. M., and Ramundo, R. A.: Fire and topographic effects on decomposition rates and N dynamics of buried wood in tallgrass prairie, Soil Biol. Biochem., 28, 323–329, 1996.
Osler, G. H. R. and Sommerkorn, M.: Toward a complete soil C and N cycle: Incorporating the soil fauna, Ecology, 88, 1611–1621, 2007.
Ostle, N., Briones, M. J. I., Ineson, P., Cole, L., Staddon, P., and Sleep, D.: Isotopic detection of recent photosynthate carbon flow into grassland rhizosphere fauna, Soil Biol. Biochem., 39, 768–777, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.025, 2007.
Petersen, H. and Luxton, M.: A comparative analysis of soil fauna populations and their role in decomposition processes, Oikos, 39, 288–388, 1982.
Pollierer, M. M., Langel, R., Körner, C., Maraun, M., and Scheu, S.: The underestimated importance of belowground carbon input for forest soil animal food webs, Ecol. Lett., 10, 729–736, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01064.x, 2007.
Rasse, D. P., Rumpel, C., and Dignac, M.-F.: Is soil carbon mostly root carbon? Mechanisms for a specific stabilisation, Plant Soil, 269, 341–356, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-0907-y, 2005.
Reed, H. E., Seastedt, T. R., and Blair, J. M.: Ecological consequences of C4 grass invasion of a C4 grassland: a dilemma for managment, Ecol. Appl., 15, 1560–1569, 2005.
Reed, H. E., Blair, J. M., Wall, D. H., and Seastedt, T. R.: Impacts of management legacies on litter decomposition in response to reduced precipitation in a tallgrass prairie, Appl. Soil Ecol., 42, 79–85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.01.009, 2009.
Rubino, M., Dungait, J. A. J., Evershed, R. P., Bertolini, T., De Angelis, P., D'Onofrio, A., Lagomarsino, A., Lubritto, C., Merola, A., Terrasi, F., and Cotrufo, M. F.: Carbon input belowground is the major C flux contributing to leaf litter mass loss: Evidences from a 13C labelled-leaf litter experiment, Soil Biol. Biochem., 42, 1009–1016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.018, 2010.
Sanaullah, M., Chabbi, A., Leifeld, J., Bardoux, G., Billou, D., and Rumpel, C.: Decomposition and stabilization of root litter in top- and subsoil horizons: what is the difference?, Plant Soil, 338, 127–141, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0554-4, 2010.
Schimel, J. and Schaeffer, S.: Microbial control over carbon cycling in soil, Front. Microbiol., 3, 1–11, 2012.
Seastedt, T. R., Briggs, J. M., and Gibson, D. J.: Controls of nitrogen limitation in tallgrass prairie, Oecologia, 87, 72–79, 1991.
Setälä, H.: Does Biological Complexity Relate to Functional Attributes of Soil Food Webs?, in: Dynamic Food Webs: Multispecies Assemblages, Ecosystem Development and Environmental Change, Theoretical Ecology Series, edited by: de Ruiter, P., Volters, V., and Moore, J., Academic Press, Burlington, MA, 308–320, 2005.
Smith, P., Cotrufo, M. F., Rumpel, C., Paustian, K., Kuikman, P. J., Elliott, J. A., McDowell, R., Griffiths, R. I., Asakawa, S., Bustamante, M., House, J. I., Sobocká, J., Harper, R., Pan, G., West, P. C., Gerber, J. S., Clark, J. M., Adhya, T., Scholes, R. J., and Scholes, M. C.: Biogeochemical cycles and biodiversity as key drivers of ecosystem services provided by soils, SOIL, 1, 665–685, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-665-2015, 2015.
Soong, J. L. and Cotrufo, M. F.: Annual burning of a tallgrass prairie inhibits C and N cycling in soil, increasing recalcitrant pyrogenic organic matter storage while reducing N availability, Global Change Biol., 21, 2321–2333, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12832, 2015.
Soong, J. L., Reuss, D., Pinney, C., Boyack, T., Haddix, M. L., Stewart, C. E., and Cotrufo, M. F.: Design and Operation of a Continuous 13C and 15N Labeling Chamber for Uniform or Differential, Metabolic and Structural, Plant Isotope Labeling, J. Visual. Exp., 83, e51117, https://doi.org/10.3791/51117, 2014.
Soong, J. L., Vandegehuchte, M. L., Horton, A. J., Nielsen, U. N., Denef, K., Shaw, E. A., Milano de Tomasel, C., Parton, W., Wall, D. H., and Cotrufo, M. F.: Soil microarthropods support ecosystem productivity and soil C accrual: evidence from a litter decomposition study in the tallgrass prairie, Soil Biol. Biochem., 92, 230–238, 2016.
Staddon, P. L.: Carbon isotopes in functional soil ecology, Trends Ecol. Evol., 19, 148–154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2003.12.003, 2004.
Swift, M. J., Heal, O. W., and Anderson, J. M.: Decomposition in Terrestrial Ecosystems, in: Studies in Ecology, edited by: Anderson, D. J., Greig-Smith, P., and Pitelka, F. A., University of California Press, Berkeley, 66–117, 1979.
Todd, T. C.: Effects of management practices on nematode community structure in tallgrass prairie, Appl. Soil Ecol., 3, 235–246, 1996.
van der Putten, W. H., Bardgett, R. D., Bever, J. D., Bezemer, T. M., Casper, B. B., Fukami, T., Kardol, P., Klironomos, J. N., Kulmatiski, A., Schweitzer, J. A., Suding, K. N., Van de Voorde, T. F. J., Wardle, D. A., and Hutchings, M.: Plant-soil feedbacks: the past, the present and future challenges, J. Ecology, 101, 265–276, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12054, 2013.
Verhoef, H. A. and Brussaard, L.: Decomposition and nitrogen mineralization in natural and agroecosystems – the contribution of soil animals, Biogeochemistry, 11, 175–211, 1990.
Wall, D. H.: Sustaining Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Soils and Sediments, Island Press, Washington, 1–12, 2004.
Wall, D. H., Bradford, M. A., St. John, M. G., Trofymow, J. A., Behan-Pelletier, V., Bignell, D. E., Dangerfield, J. M., Parton, W. J., Rusek, J., Voigt, W., Wolters, V., Gardel, H. Z., Ayuke, F. O., Bashford, R., Beljakova, O. I., Bohlen, P. J., Brauman, A., Flemming, S., Henschel, J. R., Johnson, D. L., Jones, T. H., Kovarova, M., Kranabetter, J. M., Kutny, L. E. S., Lin, K.-C., Maryati, M., Masse, D., Pokarzhevskii, A., Rahman, H., Sabar, M. G., Salamon, J.-A., Swift, M. J., Varela, A., Vasconcelos, H. L., White, D. O. N., and Zou, X.: Global decomposition experiment shows soil animal impacts on decomposition are climate-dependent, Global Change Biol., 14, 2661–2677, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01672.x, 2008.
Wall, D. H., Bardgett, R. D., and Kelly, E. F.: Biodiversity in the dark, Nat. Geosci., 3, 296–298, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo860, 2010.
Whitford, W. G., Pen-Mouratov, S., and Steinberger, Y.: The effects of prescribed fire on soil nematodes in an arid juniper savanna, Open J. Ecol., 04, 66–75, https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2014.42009, 2014.
Wickings, K., Grandy, A. S., Reed, S. C., and Cleveland, C. C.: The origin of litter chemical complexity during decomposition, Ecol. Lett., 15, 1180–1188, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01837.x, 2012.
Xin, W. D., Yin, X. Q., and Song, B.: Contribution of soil fauna to litter decomposition in Songnen sandy lands in northeastern China, J. Arid Environ., 77, 90–95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.10.001, 2012.
Yeates, G. W., Bongers, T., de Goede, R. G. M., Freckman, D. W., and Georgieva, S. S.: Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera – an outline for soil ecologists, J. Nematol., 25, 315–331, 1993.
Yeates, G. W., Bardgett, R. D., Cook, R., Hobbs, P. J., Bowling, P. J., and Potter, J. F.: Faunal and microbial diversity in three Welsh grassland soils under conventional and organic management regimes, J. Appl. Ecol., 34, 453–470, 1997.
Zelles, L.: Fatty acid patterns of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides in the characterisation of microbial communities in soil: a review, Biol. Fert. Soils, 29, 111–129, 1999.
Short summary
We investigated fire's effects on root decomposition and carbon (C) flow to the soil food web. We used 13C-labeled dead roots buried in microcosms constructed from two burn treatment soils (annual and infrequent burn). Our results showed greater root decomposition and C flow to the soil food web for the annual burn compared to infrequent burn treatment. Thus, roots are a more important C source for decomposers in annually burned areas where surface plant litter is frequently removed by fire.
We investigated fire's effects on root decomposition and carbon (C) flow to the soil food web....
