Articles | Volume 6, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-649-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-649-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| 
17 Dec 2020
Review article |
| 17 Dec 2020
| 17 Dec 2020
Global concentrations of microplastics in soils – a review
Frederick Büks
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Chair of Soil Science, Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
Martin Kaupenjohann
Chair of Soil Science, Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
Related authors
Frederick Büks
Biogeosciences, 20, 1529–1535, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1529-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1529-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ultrasonication with density fractionation of soils is a commonly used method to separate soil organic matter pools, which is, e.g., important to calculate carbon turnover in landscapes. It is shown that the approach that merges soil and dense solution without mixing has a low recovery rate and causes co-extraction of parts of the retained labile pool along with the intermediate pool. An alternative method with high recovery rates and no cross-contamination was recommended.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Frederick Büks and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL, 8, 373–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-373-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-373-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The adverse effect of microplastic (MP) on soil biota and soil structure depends on MP particle size and surface characteristics. Since weathering plays a major role in the genesis of these, it must be considered in both the analysis of environmental MP and the production of artificial MP for laboratory experiments. This work integrates recent findings on adverse effects and the genesis of its surface characteristics and discusses how to reproduce them to obtain closer-to-nature designer MP.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Frederick Büks, Gilles Kayser, Antonia Zieger, Friederike Lang, and Martin Kaupenjohann
Biogeosciences, 18, 159–167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-159-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-159-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ultrasonication/density fractionation is a common method used to extract particulate organic matter (POM) and, recently, microplastic (MP) from soil samples. In this study, ultrasonic treatment with mechanical stress increasing from 0 to 500 J mL−1 caused comminution and a reduced recovery rate of soil-derived POMs but no such effects with MP particles. In consequence, the extraction of MP from soils is not affected by particle size and recovery rate artifacts.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Frederick Büks, Nicolette Loes van Schaik, and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL, 6, 245–267, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-245-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Via anthropogenic input, microplastics (MPs) today represent a part of the soil organic matter. We analyzed studies on passive translocation, active ingestion, bioaccumulation and adverse effects of MPs on multicellular soil faunal life. These studies on a wide range of soil organisms found a recurring pattern of adverse effects on motility, growth, metabolism, reproduction, mortality and gut microbiome. However, the shape and type of the experimental MP often did not match natural conditions.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Frederick Büks, Philip Rebensburg, Peter Lentzsch, and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-73, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-73, 2016
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Short summary
Short summary
Microbial communities play a role in soil aggregate formation. However, the influence of the microbial community structure on POM occlusion within soil aggregates is still unproved. In this experiment, sterile sandy agricultural soil was incubated in two variants – inoculated with soil extract and infected with air-born microorganisms. After 76 days of incubation soils show a strongly differing microbial populations structure, but no significant difference in POM occlusion.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Frederick Büks and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL, 2, 499–509, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-499-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-499-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Soil aggregate stability and POM occlusion are integral markers for soil quality. Besides physico-chemical interactions, biofilms are considered to aggregate primary particles, but experimental proof is still missing. In our experiment, soil aggregate samples were treated with biofilm degrading enzymes and showed a reduced POM occlusion and an increased bacteria DNA release compared with untreated samples. Thus, biofilms are assumed to be an important factor of POM occlusion in soil aggregates.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Frederick Büks, Philip Rebensburg, Peter Lentzsch, and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-14, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-14, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Soil microbial biofilms are supposed to increase agglomeration of soil particles and therefore reduce erodibility. After inoculation with two strongly differing microbial communities, a sandy agricultural soil did not develop significant differences in aggregate stability. This leads to the assumption that mechanical properties of biofilms do not vary considerably across different biological/chemical compositions, which implies that aggregate stability is a resilient factor of soil fertility.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Frederick Büks
Biogeosciences, 20, 1529–1535, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1529-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1529-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ultrasonication with density fractionation of soils is a commonly used method to separate soil organic matter pools, which is, e.g., important to calculate carbon turnover in landscapes. It is shown that the approach that merges soil and dense solution without mixing has a low recovery rate and causes co-extraction of parts of the retained labile pool along with the intermediate pool. An alternative method with high recovery rates and no cross-contamination was recommended.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Frederick Büks and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL, 8, 373–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-373-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-373-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The adverse effect of microplastic (MP) on soil biota and soil structure depends on MP particle size and surface characteristics. Since weathering plays a major role in the genesis of these, it must be considered in both the analysis of environmental MP and the production of artificial MP for laboratory experiments. This work integrates recent findings on adverse effects and the genesis of its surface characteristics and discusses how to reproduce them to obtain closer-to-nature designer MP.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Frederick Büks, Gilles Kayser, Antonia Zieger, Friederike Lang, and Martin Kaupenjohann
Biogeosciences, 18, 159–167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-159-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-159-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ultrasonication/density fractionation is a common method used to extract particulate organic matter (POM) and, recently, microplastic (MP) from soil samples. In this study, ultrasonic treatment with mechanical stress increasing from 0 to 500 J mL−1 caused comminution and a reduced recovery rate of soil-derived POMs but no such effects with MP particles. In consequence, the extraction of MP from soils is not affected by particle size and recovery rate artifacts.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Frederick Büks, Nicolette Loes van Schaik, and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL, 6, 245–267, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-245-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Via anthropogenic input, microplastics (MPs) today represent a part of the soil organic matter. We analyzed studies on passive translocation, active ingestion, bioaccumulation and adverse effects of MPs on multicellular soil faunal life. These studies on a wide range of soil organisms found a recurring pattern of adverse effects on motility, growth, metabolism, reproduction, mortality and gut microbiome. However, the shape and type of the experimental MP often did not match natural conditions.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Lisa Thieme, Daniel Graeber, Diana Hofmann, Sebastian Bischoff, Martin T. Schwarz, Bernhard Steffen, Ulf-Niklas Meyer, Martin Kaupenjohann, Wolfgang Wilcke, Beate Michalzik, and Jan Siemens
Biogeosciences, 16, 1411–1432, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1411-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1411-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To improve our understanding of the effects of tree species selection and management intensity on dissolved organic matter (DOM), we studied solution samples along the water flow path through forests with spectroscopic methods and biodegradation tests. There are distinct changes in DOM composition and biodegradability following the water path. Aboveground DOM was influenced by tree species selection but not by management intensity. Differences became aligned in mineral soil.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Antonia Zieger, Klaus Kaiser, Pedro Ríos Guayasamín, and Martin Kaupenjohann
Biogeosciences, 15, 2743–2760, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2743-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2743-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We tested a current theory, which proposes an upper limit for organic carbon (OC) stocks independent of increasing carbon input for a soil with already large OC stocks. The soil received a large additional carbon input as sawdust. In response, only the OC stock in 25–50 cm depth increased significantly. We assume, that due to saturation in 0–25 cm, added OC migrates downwards and becomes retained in 25–50 cm. This indicates the possibility to sustainably increase already large OC stocks further.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Frederick Büks, Philip Rebensburg, Peter Lentzsch, and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-73, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-73, 2016
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Short summary
Short summary
Microbial communities play a role in soil aggregate formation. However, the influence of the microbial community structure on POM occlusion within soil aggregates is still unproved. In this experiment, sterile sandy agricultural soil was incubated in two variants – inoculated with soil extract and infected with air-born microorganisms. After 76 days of incubation soils show a strongly differing microbial populations structure, but no significant difference in POM occlusion.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Frederick Büks and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL, 2, 499–509, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-499-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-499-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Soil aggregate stability and POM occlusion are integral markers for soil quality. Besides physico-chemical interactions, biofilms are considered to aggregate primary particles, but experimental proof is still missing. In our experiment, soil aggregate samples were treated with biofilm degrading enzymes and showed a reduced POM occlusion and an increased bacteria DNA release compared with untreated samples. Thus, biofilms are assumed to be an important factor of POM occlusion in soil aggregates.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Lisa Thieme, Daniel Graeber, Martin Kaupenjohann, and Jan Siemens
Biogeosciences, 13, 4697–4705, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4697-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4697-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Freezing can affect dissolved organic matter properties and concentrations. Nevertheless, water samples are regularly frozen for sample preservation. To test, if fast-freezing with liquid nitrogen instead of normal freezing at −18 °C can prevent changes in DOM characteristics, we compared fresh and differently frozen terrestrial water samples. We found that fast-freezing with liquid nitrogen can prevent bulk organic matter concentrations but not its spectroscopic properties.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Ariane Krause, Thomas Nehls, Eckhard George, and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL, 2, 147–162, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-147-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-147-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In a field experiment in Tanzania, we used substrates from local projects as soil amenders for intercropping relevant local crops, aiming to advance the practical application of known principles for smallholder agriculture in SSA, i.e. biochar and biogas application and EcoSan practices. We studied the short-term effects on crop productivity, plant nutrition and soil properties. By mitigating P scarcity and acidification, yields were increased by up to 400 % compared to the control.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Frederick Büks, Philip Rebensburg, Peter Lentzsch, and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-14, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-14, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Soil microbial biofilms are supposed to increase agglomeration of soil particles and therefore reduce erodibility. After inoculation with two strongly differing microbial communities, a sandy agricultural soil did not develop significant differences in aggregate stability. This leads to the assumption that mechanical properties of biofilms do not vary considerably across different biological/chemical compositions, which implies that aggregate stability is a resilient factor of soil fertility.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Related subject area
Soils and managed ecosystems
Managing soil organic carbon in tropical agroecosystems: evidence from four long-term experiments in Kenya
Impact of contrasting fertilizer technologies on N dynamics from subsurface bands of “pure” or blended fertilizer applications
Wetting and drying cycles, organic amendments, and gypsum play a key role in structure formation and stability of sodic Vertisols
Quality assessment of meta-analyses on soil organic carbon
The role of long-term mineral and manure fertilization on P species accumulation and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in paddy red soils
Soil depth as a driver of microbial and carbon dynamics in a planted forest (Pinus radiata) pumice soil
Transforming living labs into lighthouses: a promising policy to achieve land-related sustainable development
The QuantiSlakeTest, dynamic weighting of soil under water to measure soil structural stability
What comes after the Sun? On the integration of soil biogeochemical pre-weathering into microplastic experiments
Transition to conservation agriculture: how tillage intensity and covering affect soil physical parameters
Combining colour parameters and geochemical tracers to improve sediment source discrimination in a mining catchment (New Caledonia, South Pacific Islands)
The effects of sealing on urban soil carbon and nutrients
Application of the governance disruptions framework to German agricultural soil policy
Middle Bronze Age land use practices in the northwestern Alpine foreland – a multi-proxy study of colluvial deposits, archaeological features and peat bogs
Spatial variability in heavy metal concentration in urban pavement joints – a case study
Using constructed soils for green infrastructure – challenges and limitations
Effects of microplastic and microglass particles on soil microbial community structure in an arable soil (Chernozem)
Women's agricultural practices and their effects on soil nutrient content in the Nyalenda urban gardens of Kisumu, Kenya
Effects of golf course management on subsurface soil properties in Iowa
Local soil quality assessment of north-central Namibia: integrating farmers' and technical knowledge
How Alexander von Humboldt's life story can inspire innovative soil research in developing countries
Paleosols can promote root growth of recent vegetation – a case study from the sandy soil–sediment sequence Rakt, the Netherlands
An insight into pre-Columbian raised fields: the case of San Borja, Bolivian lowlands
The impact of ancestral heath management on soils and landscapes: a reconstruction based on paleoecological analyses of soil records in the central and southeastern Netherlands
Soil archives of a Fluvisol: subsurface analysis and soil history of the medieval city centre of Vlaardingen, the Netherlands – an integral approach
Effect of grassland cutting frequency on soil carbon storage – a case study on public lawns in three Swedish cities
Facing policy challenges with inter- and transdisciplinary soil research focused on the UN Sustainable Development Goals
The significance of soils and soil science towards realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Case studies of soil in art
Effects of fresh and aged chars from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization on nutrient sorption in agricultural soils
Soil properties and pre-Columbian settlement patterns in the Monumental Mounds Region of the Llanos de Moxos, Bolivian Amazon
An ecosystem approach to assess soil quality in organically and conventionally managed farms in Iceland and Austria
Moritz Laub, Marc Corbeels, Antoine Couëdel, Samuel Mathu Ndungu, Monicah Wanjiku Mucheru-Muna, Daniel Mugendi, Magdalena Necpalova, Wycliffe Waswa, Marijn Van de Broek, Bernard Vanlauwe, and Johan Six
SOIL, 9, 301–323, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-301-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In sub-Saharan Africa, long-term low-input maize cropping threatens soil fertility. We studied how different quality organic inputs combined with mineral N fertilizer could counteract this. Farmyard manure was the best input to counteract soil carbon loss; mineral N fertilizer had no effect on carbon. Yet, the rates needed to offset soil carbon losses are unrealistic for farmers (>10 t of dry matter per hectare and year). Additional agronomic measures may be needed.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Chelsea K. Janke and Michael J. Bell
SOIL, 9, 243–259, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-243-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-243-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fertilizer blends of controlled release and stabilized nitrogen (N) demonstrated temporal N dynamics intermediate of unblended fertilizers. Soil characteristics had a significant impact on N dynamics and the efficacy of the differing enhanced efficiency fertilizer mechanisms to minimize potential N losses. Insights can improve N supply predictability, offering opportunities to improve N use efficiency in cropping systems.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Sara Niaz, J. Bernhard Wehr, Ram C. Dalal, Peter M. Kopittke, and Neal W. Menzies
SOIL, 9, 141–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-141-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-141-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sodic soils affect ~580 Mha in semi-arid and arid regions of the world. These soils have a weak structure. This laboratory study evaluated treatments to overcome the weak aggregate structure in two sodic Vertisols by applying organic amendments, gypsum, and wetting–drying cycles. We conclude that sodic soils need to be treated with gypsum to flocculate clay and organic amendments (lucerne or chicken manure) to form aggregates, whereas drying cycles aid in small macroaggregates formation.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Julia Fohrafellner, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Rajasekaran Murugan, and Elena Valkama
SOIL, 9, 117–140, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The number of meta-analyses in agriculture and soil sciences is continuously rising, but they are often of poor quality. We quantitatively analyzed the quality of 31 meta-analyses studying the effects of different management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC). We found that only one meta-analysis on no tillage/reduced tillage obtained a high score. New or improved meta-analyses on the effects of organic agriculture, biochar, fertilization, and crop diversification on SOC are urgently needed.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Shuiqing Chen, Jusheng Gao, Huaihai Chen, Zeyuan Zhang, Jing Huang, Lefu Lv, Jinfang Tan, and Xiaoqian Jiang
SOIL, 9, 101–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-101-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-101-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term inorganic P (IP) fertilization increased total P (TP), available P (AP) and IP, but manure fertilization accelerated the accumulation of organic P (OP). Long-term mineral fertilization had a negative impact on bacterial communities, while manure fertilization and rhizosphere soil provided more nutrients that improved the separation of bacterial communities. Correspondingly, P indicators such as IP and TP were related to the variation in a phosphate-solubilizing bacterial community.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Alexa K. Byers, Loretta G. Garrett, Charlotte Armstrong, Fiona Dean, and Steve A. Wakelin
SOIL, 9, 55–70, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-55-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-55-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Forest soils store large amounts of carbon (C), but research has remained focused on C storage in topsoil layers. We investigated changes in forest soil C storage and microbial ecology to 1 m depth. Though absolute soil C content, microbial diversity and microbial biomass declined sharply with depth, 35 % of total soil C was cumulatively stored in subsoil layers. Our findings highlight the importance of including subsoils when calculating the C storage capacity of forest systems.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Johan Bouma
SOIL, 8, 751–759, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-751-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-751-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In the new
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Soil Deal for Europe, land users, mostly farmers, and scientists are required to work jointly in
living labsto develop sustainable land use systems. We propose that threshold values for different ecosystem services in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the EU Green Deal (GD) have to be met to define
lighthousesthat demonstrate successful sustainable land use systems, functioning as inspiring examples. A case study illustrates the important role of soils.
Frédéric M. Vanwindekens and Brieuc F. Hardy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1092, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1092, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Structural stability is critical for sustainable agricultural soil management. We invented a simple test to measure soil structural stability. The QuantiSlakeTest consists in a dynamic weighting of a dried soil sample in water.The test is rapid, doesn’t require expensive equipment and provides a high density of information on soil structural properties. With an open access program for data management under development, the test has a strong potential for adoption by a large community of users.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Frederick Büks and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL, 8, 373–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-373-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-373-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The adverse effect of microplastic (MP) on soil biota and soil structure depends on MP particle size and surface characteristics. Since weathering plays a major role in the genesis of these, it must be considered in both the analysis of environmental MP and the production of artificial MP for laboratory experiments. This work integrates recent findings on adverse effects and the genesis of its surface characteristics and discusses how to reproduce them to obtain closer-to-nature designer MP.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Felice Sartori, Ilaria Piccoli, Riccardo Polese, and Antonio Berti
SOIL, 8, 213–222, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-213-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-213-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of the transition from conventional to conservation agriculture on soil physical properties, by determining the best soil tillage and covering combination, to exploit the benefits of conservation agriculture from the first conversion years. The results proved that, despite an increase in bulk density and penetration resistance, soil under reduced tillage systems with a cover crop improved its hydraulic properties.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Virginie Sellier, Oldrich Navratil, John Patrick Laceby, Cédric Legout, Anthony Foucher, Michel Allenbach, Irène Lefèvre, and Olivier Evrard
SOIL, 7, 743–766, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-743-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-743-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Open-cast mining increases soil erosion and transfer of sediment in river systems. Providing a methodology to better understand the sediment dynamic of these catchments is essential to manage this pollution. In this study, different tracers such as elemental geochemistry or colour properties were tested to trace and quantify the mining source contributions to the sediment inputs in the Thio River catchment, one of the first areas exploited for nickel mining in New Caledonia (i.e. since 1880).
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Roisin O'Riordan, Jess Davies, Carly Stevens, and John N. Quinton
SOIL, 7, 661–675, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-661-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-661-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
As urban populations grow, soil sealing with impermeable surfaces will increase. At present there is limited knowledge on the effect of sealing on soil carbon and nutrients. We found that, in general, sealing reduced soil carbon and nutrients; however, where there were additions due to human activity, soil carbon and nutrients were increased. This suggests that there is a legacy soil carbon store in areas with an industrial past and highlights the influence of artefacts in urban soil.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Bartosz Bartkowski, Stephan Bartke, Nina Hagemann, Bernd Hansjürgens, and Christoph Schröter-Schlaack
SOIL, 7, 495–509, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-495-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-495-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use a holistic framework to analyze how agricultural policy in Germany affects the sustainability of soil management. We look at the adequacy of policy targets, objects (i.e. drivers of soil degradation), instruments, assumptions about farmers' behaviour, and the coherence among these four dimensions. We find deficits in each dimension, particularly object and instrument adequacy. Agricultural soil policy in Germany lacks depth and coherence, and the role of biomass demand is neglected.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Sascha Scherer, Benjamin Höpfer, Katleen Deckers, Elske Fischer, Markus Fuchs, Ellen Kandeler, Jutta Lechterbeck, Eva Lehndorff, Johanna Lomax, Sven Marhan, Elena Marinova, Julia Meister, Christian Poll, Humay Rahimova, Manfred Rösch, Kristen Wroth, Julia Zastrow, Thomas Knopf, Thomas Scholten, and Peter Kühn
SOIL, 7, 269–304, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-269-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-269-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims to reconstruct Middle Bronze Age (MBA) land use practices in the northwestern Alpine foreland (SW Germany, Hegau). We used a multi-proxy approach including biogeochemical proxies from colluvial deposits in the surroundings of a MBA settlement, on-site archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data and off-site pollen data. From our data we infer land use practices such as plowing, cereal growth, forest farming and use of fire that marked the beginning of major colluvial deposition.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Collin J. Weber, Alexander Santowski, and Peter Chifflard
SOIL, 7, 15–31, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-15-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-15-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Pavement joints, defined as the joint between paving stones and filled with different materials, in the inner city area of Marburg (Hesse, Germany) show moderate to high pollution with different heavy metals. Enrichment of heavy metals in pavement joints is related to surface run-off accumulation. As the pollution of pavement joints poses direct risks to the environment and humans in urban areas, the inconspicuous joints should be considered in urban water management strategies.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Maha Deeb, Peter M. Groffman, Manuel Blouin, Sara Perl Egendorf, Alan Vergnes, Viacheslav Vasenev, Donna L. Cao, Daniel Walsh, Tatiana Morin, and Geoffroy Séré
SOIL, 6, 413–434, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-413-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-413-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The goal of this study was to discuss current methods to create soils adapted for various green infrastructure (GI) designs. Investigating these new soils for several design categories of GI will provide technical information for management and design agencies. Moreover, these studies can serve as pioneer experiments to prevent recurring errors and, thus, provide improved plant growth practices. Results show that these constructed soils have a high potential to provide multiple soil functions.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Katja Wiedner and Steven Polifka
SOIL, 6, 315–324, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-315-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-315-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Microplastics and microglass are used in a wide range of everyday and industrial applications acting as abrasives, filler and binding agents, which could enter aquatic and terrestrial environments with unexpected consequences for ecosystems. Our study suggests that different types of microparticles seem to have contrary effects on soil microorganisms, depending on the origin and properties of microparticles. This study should be seen as basis for further research, which is urgently needed.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Nicolette Tamara Regina Johanna Maria Jonkman, Esmee Daniëlle Kooijman, Karsten Kalbitz, Nicky Rosa Maria Pouw, and Boris Jansen
SOIL, 5, 303–313, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-303-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-303-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In the urban gardens of Kisumu we interviewed female farmers to determine the sources and scope of their agricultural knowledge. We assessed the impact of the knowledge by comparing the influence of two types of management on soil nutrients. While one type of management was more effective in terms of preserving soil nutrients, the other management type had socioeconomic benefits. Both environmental and socioeconomic effects have to be considered in agricultural training to increase their impact.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Matthew T. Streeter and Keith E. Schilling
SOIL, 4, 93–100, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-93-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-93-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Iowa golf courses provide an ideal location to evaluate whether golf course management is affecting the quality of soils at depth. Our study evaluated how soil properties relating to soil health and resiliency varied with depth at golf courses across Iowa and interpreted relationships of these properties to current golf course management and inherent soil properties. Systematic variation in soil properties including sand content, NO3, and SOM was observed with depth.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Brice Prudat, Lena Bloemertz, and Nikolaus J. Kuhn
SOIL, 4, 47–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-47-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-47-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Soil degradation is a major threat for farmers of semi-arid north-central Namibia. Having tools to assess soil quality is important to evaluate soil conditions and helps targeting important issues. We developed a soil evaluation toolbox that integrates farmers' field experiences and technical knowledge. The combination of local soil descriptions, field soil texture evaluation and soil colour provides locally meaningful information that reveals soil quality improvement potentials.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Johan Bouma
SOIL, 3, 153–159, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-153-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-153-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Alexander von Humboldt was an inspiring scientist in the early 1800s, traveling widely, making many measurements, and linking different scientific disciplines while keeping an eye open to the needs of society. This is particularly relevant today in our information society, and researchers in developing countries are advised to follow the von Humboldt example when planning their future research.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Martina I. Gocke, Fabian Kessler, Jan M. van Mourik, Boris Jansen, and Guido L. B. Wiesenberg
SOIL, 2, 537–549, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-537-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-537-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Investigation of a Dutch sandy profile demonstrated that buried soils provide beneficial growth conditions for plant roots in terms of nutrients. The intense exploitation of deep parts of the soil profile, including subsoil and soil parent material, by roots of the modern vegetation is often underestimated by traditional approaches. Potential consequences of deep rooting for terrestrial carbon stocks, located to a relevant part in buried soils, remain largely unknown and require further studies.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Leonor Rodrigues, Umberto Lombardo, Mareike Trauerstein, Perrine Huber, Sandra Mohr, and Heinz Veit
SOIL, 2, 367–389, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-367-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-367-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Our study examines pre-Columbian agricultural raised fields in the Bolivian Amazon.
It provides a new interpretation for pre-Columbian management of raised fields.
The results show that differences in field size and height are the result of an adaptation to a site where soil properties vary significantly on a scale of tens to hundreds of meters. The analysis and dating of the raised fields sediments point towards an extensive and rather brief use of the raised fields, for about 100–200 years.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Marieke Doorenbosch and Jan M. van Mourik
SOIL, 2, 311–324, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-311-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-311-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Soil records provide information about 5 millennia of heath management in cultural landscapes on sandy soils. Deforestations and the introduction of the deep, stable economy in the 18th century resulted in sand drifting and heath degradation. After the introduction of chemical fertilizers more than 90 % of the heaths were transformed into productive arable field or forests. Currently the last heaths are preserved as part of the cultural heritage.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Sjoerd Kluiving, Tim de Ridder, Marcel van Dasselaar, Stan Roozen, and Maarten Prins
SOIL, 2, 271–285, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-271-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-271-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In medieval times the city of Vlaardingen (the Netherlands) was strategically located on the confluence of three rivers, the Maas, the Merwede, and the Vlaarding. Combined research on the history and soil of this city was initiated by an archaeological research question, following Dutch legislation. The start of fluvial system 2 in AD 600 correlates with evidence of the church that was present at least in AD 726/727. Results record the period before and after the flooding in AD 1170.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
C. Poeplau, H. Marstorp, K. Thored, and T. Kätterer
SOIL, 2, 175–184, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-175-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-175-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We compared two long-term contrasting systems of urban lawn management (frequently cut utility lawn vs. seldomly cut meadow-like lawn) regarding their effect on soil carbon in three Swedish cities. Biomass production was also measured during 1 year. The utility lawns had a significantly higher biomass production, which resulted in a higher soil carbon storage, since clippings were not removed. Soil carbon sequestration outweighed the higher management-related CO2 emissions of the utility lawns.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Johan Bouma and Luca Montanarella
SOIL, 2, 135–145, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-135-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-135-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The recently accepted UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a major challenge to the research community, including soil science. SDGs require a interdisciplinary research approach that forces every discipline to critically evaluate its core messages. Effective communication with the policy arena requires use of common policy concepts such as policy phases and distinction of drivers, pressures, and responses to change. To accomodate such needs, research practices will have to change.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Saskia D. Keesstra, Johan Bouma, Jakob Wallinga, Pablo Tittonell, Pete Smith, Artemi Cerdà, Luca Montanarella, John N. Quinton, Yakov Pachepsky, Wim H. van der Putten, Richard D. Bardgett, Simon Moolenaar, Gerben Mol, Boris Jansen, and Louise O. Fresco
SOIL, 2, 111–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-111-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-111-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Soil science, as a land-related discipline, has links to several of the UN Sustainable Development Goals which are demonstrated through the functions of soils and related ecosystem services. We discuss how soil scientists can rise to the challenge both internally and externally in terms of our relations with colleagues in other disciplines, diverse groups of stakeholders and the policy arena. To meet these goals we recommend the set of steps to be taken by the soil science community as a whole.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
C. Feller, E. R. Landa, A. Toland, and G. Wessolek
SOIL, 1, 543–559, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-543-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-543-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Case studies of artworks focused on painting, installation, and film are presented, with the view of encouraging further exploration of art about, in, and with soil, as a contribution to raising soil awareness.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
M. Gronwald, A. Don, B. Tiemeyer, and M. Helfrich
SOIL, 1, 475–489, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-475-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-475-2015, 2015
U. Lombardo, S. Denier, and H. Veit
SOIL, 1, 65–81, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-65-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-65-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In the present paper we explore to what degree soil properties might have influenced pre-Columbian settlement patterns in the Monumental Mounds Region (MMR) of the Llanos de Moxos (LM), Bolivian Amazon. This study provides new data on the soil properties of the south-eastern Bolivian Amazon and reinforces the hypothesis that environmental constraints and opportunities exerted an important role on pre-Columbian occupation patterns and the population density reached in the Bolivian Amazon.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
J. P. van Leeuwen, T. Lehtinen, G. J. Lair, J. Bloem, L. Hemerik, K. V. Ragnarsdóttir, G. Gísladóttir, J. S. Newton, and P. C. de Ruiter
SOIL, 1, 83–101, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-83-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-83-2015, 2015
Cited articles
Allen, S., Allen, D., Phoenix, V. R., Le Roux, G., Jiménez, P. D., Simonneau, A.,
Binet, S., and Galop, D.: Atmospheric transport and deposition of microplastics in a remote
mountain catchment, Nat. Geosci., 12, 339–344, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0335-5, 2019.
Barnes, D. K., Galgani, F., Thompson, R. C., and Barlaz, M.: Accumulation and
fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 364, 1985–1998,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0205, 2009.
Battulga, B., Kawahigashi, M., and Oyuntsetseg, B.: Distribution and composition of
plastic debris along the river shore in the Selenga River basin in Mongolia,
Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 26, 14059–14072, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04632-1, 2019.
Bläsing, M. and Amelung, W.: Plastics in soil: Analytical methods and possible
sources, Sci. Total Environ., 612, 422–435, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.086, 2018.
Büks, F., Loes van Schaik, N., and Kaupenjohann, M.: What do we know about how the
terrestrial multicellular soil fauna reacts to microplastic?, SOIL, 6, 245–267,
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-245-2020, 2020a.
Büks, F., van Schaik, N. L., and Kaupenjohann, M.: Mikroplastik aus
Klärschlämmen hat das Potential Bodenleben zu schädigen, KW Korrespondenz
Wasserwirtschaft, 9, 471–476, https://doi.org/10.3243/kwe2020.09.001, 2020b.
Cerli, C., Celi, L., Kalbitz, K., Guggenberger, G., and Kaiser, K.: Separation of light
and heavy organic matter fractions in soil – Testing for proper density cut-off and dispersion
level, Geoderma, 170, 403–416, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.10.009, 2012.
Chen, Y., Leng, Y., Liu, X., and Wang, J.: Microplastic pollution in vegetable farmlands
of suburb Wuhan, central China, Environ. Pollut., 257, 113449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113449,
2020.
Corradini, F., Meza, P., Eguiluz, R., Casado, F., Huerta-Lwanga, E., and Geissen, V.:
Evidence of microplastic accumulation in agricultural soils from sewage sludge disposal,
Sci. Total Environ., 671, 411–420, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.368, 2019.
Crossman, J., Hurley, R. R., Futter, M., and Nizzetto, L.: Transfer and transport of
microplastics from biosolids to agricultural soils and the wider environment, Sci. Total Environ.,
724, 138334, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138334, 2020.
de Souza Machado, A. A., Lau, C. W., Till, J., Kloas, W., Lehmann, A., Becker, R., and
Rillig, M. C.: Impacts of microplastics on the soil biophysical environment,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 9656–9665, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02212, 2018.
Dierkes, G., Lauschke, T., Becher, S., Schumacher, H., Földi, C., and Ternes, T.:
Quantification of microplastics in environmental samples via pressurized liquid extraction and
pyrolysis-gas chromatography, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 411, 6959–6968,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-02066-9, 2019.
Ding, L., Zhang, S., Wang, X., Yang, X., Zhang, C., Qi, Y., and Guo, X.: The occurrence
and distribution characteristics of microplastics in the agricultural soils of Shaanxi Province,
in north-western China, Sci. Total Environ., 720, 137525, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137525,
2020.
Dris, R., Gasperi, J., Saad, M., Mirande, C., and Tassin, B.: Synthetic fibers in
atmospheric fallout: a source of microplastics in the environment? Marine Pollut. Bull., 104,
290–293, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.006, 2016.
Eo, S., Hong, S. H., Song, Y. K., Lee, J., Lee, J., and Shim, W. J.: Abundance,
composition, and distribution of microplastics larger than 20 µm in sand beaches of
South Korea, Environ. Pollut., 238, 894–902, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.096, 2018.
Evangeliou, N., Grythe, H., Klimont, Z., Heyes, C., Eckhardt, S., Lopez-Aparicio, S.,
and Stohl, A.: Atmospheric transport is a major pathway of microplastics to remote regions,
Nat. Commun., 11, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17201-9, 2020.
Fei, Y., Huang, S., Zhang, H., Tong, Y., Wen, D., Xia, X., Wang, H., Luo, Y. and
Barceló, D.: Response of soil enzyme activities and bacterial communities to the accumulation
of microplastics in an acid cropped soil, Sci. Total Environ., 707, 135634,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135634, 2020.
Fuller, S. and Gautam, A.: A procedure for measuring microplastics using pressurized
fluid extraction, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 5774–5780, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00816, 2016.
Geyer R., Jambeck J. R., and Law K. L.: Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever
made, Sci. Adv., 3, e1700782, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700782, 2017.
Gregory, M. R.: Accumulation and distribution of virgin plastic granules on New Zealand
beaches, New Zealand J. Mar. Freshw. Res., 12, 399–414, https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1978.9515768,
1978.
Han, X., Lu, X., and Vogt, R. D.: An optimized density-based approach for extracting
microplastics from soil and sediment samples, Environ. Pollut., 254, 113009,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113009, 2019.
He, P., Chen, L., Shao, L., Zhang, H., and Lü, F.: Municipal solid waste (MSW)
landfill: A source of microplastics? – Evidence of microplastics in landfill leachate, Water
Res., 159, 38–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.060, 2019.
Huang, Y., Liu, Q., Jia, W., Yan, C., and Wang, J.: Agricultural plastic mulching as a
source of microplastics in the terrestrial environment, Environ. Pollut., 260, 114096,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114096, 2020.
Huerta Lwanga, E., Vega, J. M., Quej, V. K., de los Angeles Chi, J., del Cid, L. S.,
Chi, C., Escalona Segura, G., Gertsen, H., Salánki, T., van der Ploeg, M., Koelmans, A. A.,
and Geissen, V. A.: Field evidence for transfer of plastic debris along a terrestrial food chain,
Sci. Rep, 7, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14588-2, 2017.
Kaiser, M. and Berhe, A. A.: How does sonication affect the mineral and organic
constituents of soil aggregates? – A review, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 177, 479–495,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201300339, 2014.
Karthik, R., Robin, R. S., Purvaja, R., Ganguly, D., Anandavelu, I., Raghuraman, R.,
Hariharan, G., Ramakrishna, A., and Ramesh, R.: Microplastics along the beaches of southeast coast
of India, Sci. Total Environ., 645, 1388–1399,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.242, 2018.
Lambert, S., Sinclair, C., and Boxall, A.: Occurrence, degradation, and effect of
polymer-based materials in the environment, in: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, 227, 1–53, Springer, Cham, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01327-5_1, 2014.
Lehmann, A., Fitschen, K., and Rillig, M. C.: Abiotic and biotic factors influencing
the effect of microplastic on soil aggregation, Soil Syst., 3, 21,
https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3010021, 2019.
Liu, M., Lu, S., Song, Y., Lei, L., Hu, J., Lv, W., Zhou, W, Cao, C., Shi, H., Yang,
X., and He, D.: Microplastic and mesoplastic pollution in farmland soils in suburbs of Shanghai,
China, Environ. Pollut., 242, 855–862, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.051, 2018.
Ljung, E., Olesen, K. B., Andersson, P. G., Fältström, E., Vollertsen, J.,
Wittgren, H. B., and Hagman, M.: Mikroplaster i kretsloppet, Svenskt Vatten Utveckling Rapport,
13, 2018.
Lots, F. A., Behrens, P., Vijver, M. G., Horton, A. A., and Bosker, T.: A large-scale
investigation of microplastic contamination: abundance and characteristics of microplastics in
European beach sediment, Marine Pollut. Bull., 123, 219–226,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.057, 2017.
Lv, W., Zhou, W., Lu, S., Huang, W., Yuan, Q., Tian, M., Lv, W., and He, D.:
Microplastic pollution in rice-fish co-culture system: A report of three farmland stations in
Shanghai, China, Sci. Total Environ., 652, 1209–1218, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.321,
2019.
Meixner, K., Kubiczek, M., and Fritz, I.: Microplastic in soil–current status in
Europe with special focus on method tests with Austrian samples, AIMS Environ. Sci., 7, 174,
https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2020011, 2020.
Ng, E. L., Lwanga, E. H., Eldridge, S. M., Johnston, P., Hu, H. W., Geissen, V., and
Chen, D.: An overview of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in agroecosystems, Sci. Total
Environ., 627, 1377–1388, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.341, 2018.
Nizzetto L., Futter M., and Langaas S.: Are agricultural soils dumps for microplastics
of urban origin?, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 10777–10779, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04140, 2016.
Piehl, S., Leibner, A., Löder, M. G., Dris, R., Bogner, C., and Laforsch, C.:
Identification and quantification of macro-and microplastics on an agricultural farmland,
Sci. Rep., 8, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36172-y, 2018.
Praagh, M. V., Hartman, C., and Brandmyr, E.: Microplastics in Landfill Leachates in
the Nordic Countries, https://doi.org/10.6027/TN2018-557, 2018.
Ramos, L., Berenstein, G., Hughes, E. A., Zalts, A., and Montserrat, J. M.:
Polyethylene film incorporation into the horticultural soil of small periurban production units in
Argentina, Sci. Total Environ., 523, 74–81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.142, 2015.
Rezaei M., Riksen M. J., Sirjani E., Sameni A., and Geissen V.: Wind erosion as a
driver for transport of light density microplastics, Sci. Total Environ., 669, 273–281,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.382, 2019.
Rillig, M. C., Lehmann, A., de Souza Machado, A. A., and Yang, G.: Microplastic effects
on plants, New Phytol., 223, 1066–1070, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15794, 2019.
Schell, T., Rico, A., and Vighi, M.: Occurrence, fate and fluxes of plastics and
microplastics in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, in: Reviews of Environmental Contamination
and Toxicology (Continuation of Residue Reviews), https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2019_40, Springer, New York,
NY, 2020.
Scheurer, M. and Bigalke, M.: Microplastics in Swiss floodplain soils, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 52, 3591–3598, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06003, 2018.
Simon, M., van Alst, N., and Vollertsen, J.: Quantification of microplastic mass and
removal rates at wastewater treatment plants applying Focal Plane Array (FPA)-based Fourier
Transform Infrared (FT-IR) imaging, Water Res., 142, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.019,
2018.
Six, J., Schultz, P. A., Jastrow, J. D., and Merckx, R.: Recycling of sodium
polytungstate used in soil organic matter studies, Soil Biol. Biochem., 31, 1193–1196, 1999.
Steinmetz, Z., Wollmann, C., Schaefer, M., Buchmann, C., David, J., Tröger, J.,
Muñoz, K., Frör, O., and Schaumann, G. E.: Plastic mulching in agriculture. Trading
short-term agronomic benefits for long-term soil degradation?, Sci. Total Environ., 550, 690–705,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.153, 2016.
Thompson R. C., Swan S. H., Moore C. J., and vom Saal F. S.: Our plastic age,
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B., 364, 1973–1976, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0054, 2009.
van den Berg, P., Huerta-Lwanga, E., Corradini, F., and Geissen, V., 2020: Sewage
sludge application as a vehicle for microplastics in eastern Spanish agricultural soils,
Environ. Pollut., 261, 114198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114198, 2020.
Vollertsen, J. and Hansen, A. A.: Microplastic in Danish wastewater: Sources,
occurrences and fate, The Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Project 1906, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2017.
Weithmann N., Möller J. N., Löder M. G., Piehl S., Laforsch C., and Freitag R.:
Organic fertilizer as a vehicle for the entry of microplastic into the environment, Sci. Adv., 4,
eaap8060, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aap8060, 2018.
Yu, X., Ladewig, S., Bao, S., Toline, C. A., Whitmire, S., and Chow, A. T.: Occurrence
and distribution of microplastics at selected coastal sites along the southeastern United States,
Sci. Total Environ., 613, 298–305, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.100, 2018.
Zhang, G. S. and Liu, Y. F.: The distribution of microplastics in soil aggregate
fractions in southwestern China, Sci. Total Environ., 642, 12–20,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.004, 2018.
Zhang, S., Yang, X., Gertsen, H., Peters, P., Salánki, T., and Geissen, V.: A
simple method for the extraction and identification of light density microplastics from soil,
Sci. Total Environ., 616, 1056–1065, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.213, 2018.
Zhang, S., Liu, X., Hao, X., Wang, J., and Zhang, Y.: Distribution of low-density
microplastics in the mollisol farmlands of northeast China, Sci. Total Environ., 708, 135091,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135091, 2020.
Zhou, B., Wang, J., Zhang, H., Shi, H., Fei, Y., Huang, S., Tong, Y., Wen, D., Luo, Y.,
and Barceló, D.: Microplastics in agricultural soils on the coastal plain of Hangzhou Bay,
east China: Multiple sources other than plastic mulching film, J. Hazard. Mater., 388, 121814,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121814, 2020.
Zhou, Y., Liu, X., and Wang, J.: Characterization of microplastics and the association
of heavy metals with microplastics in suburban soil of central China, Sci. Total Environ., 694,
133798, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133798, 2019.
Zubris, K. A. V. and Richards, B. K.: Synthetic fibers as an indicator of land
application of sludge, Environ. Pollut., 138, 201–211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.04.013, 2005.
Download
- Article
(5254 KB) - Full-text XML
Short summary
Laboratory experiments that assess microplastic (MP) impact on the terrestrial environment require information on common soil MP concentrations. We reviewed item numbers and mass concentrations recorded in 23 studies, with 223 sampling sites in total with respect to the underlying entry pathways, land uses and vicinities. Common values included amounts of up to 13 000 items kg−1 and 4.5 mg kg−1 dry soil. Based on the collected data, we identified problems in past field studies.
Laboratory experiments that assess microplastic (MP) impact on the terrestrial environment...
