Articles | Volume 6, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-413-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-413-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| Highlight paper
| 
08 Sep 2020
Review article | Highlight paper |
| 08 Sep 2020
| 08 Sep 2020
Using constructed soils for green infrastructure – challenges and limitations
Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 10031 New York, NY, USA
New York City Urban Soils Institute, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 11210 Brooklyn, NY, USA
Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux,
Université de Lorraine, UMR 7360 CNRS, 57070 Metz, France
Peter M. Groffman
Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 10031 New York, NY, USA
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 11210 Brooklyn, NY, USA
Manuel Blouin
Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
Sara Perl Egendorf
Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 10031 New York, NY, USA
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 11210 Brooklyn, NY, USA
Alan Vergnes
Department of Biology, Ecology and Environment, Université Paul-Valéry (Montpellier 3), 34090 Montpellier, France
Viacheslav Vasenev
Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 117198 Moscow, Russia
New York City Urban Soils Institute, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 11210 Brooklyn, NY, USA
Donna L. Cao
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 11210 Brooklyn, NY, USA
Daniel Walsh
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 10964 Palisades, NY, USA
Tatiana Morin
New York City Urban Soils Institute, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 11210 Brooklyn, NY, USA
Geoffroy Séré
Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine,
INRA, UMR 1120, 54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
Related authors
Maha Deeb, Michel Grimaldi, Thomas Z. Lerch, Anne Pando, Agnès Gigon, and Manuel Blouin
SOIL, 2, 163–174, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-163-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-163-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper addresses the evolution of engineered soils (i.e., Technosols). The formation of such soils begins with proportional mixing of urban waste. Technosols are particularly well suited for investigating the role of organisms in soil function development. This is because they provide a controlled environment where the soil development can be monitored over time.
Organisms and their interaction with parent materials positively affect the structure of Technosols.
Daniel D. Richter, Sharon A. Billings, Peter M. Groffman, Eugene F. Kelly, Kathleen A. Lohse, William H. McDowell, Timothy S. White, Suzanne Anderson, Dennis D. Baldocchi, Steve Banwart, Susan Brantley, Jean J. Braun, Zachary S. Brecheisen, Charles W. Cook, Hilairy E. Hartnett, Sarah E. Hobbie, Jerome Gaillardet, Esteban Jobbagy, Hermann F. Jungkunst, Clare E. Kazanski, Jagdish Krishnaswamy, Daniel Markewitz, Katherine O'Neill, Clifford S. Riebe, Paul Schroeder, Christina Siebe, Whendee L. Silver, Aaron Thompson, Anne Verhoef, and Ganlin Zhang
Biogeosciences, 15, 4815–4832, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4815-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4815-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
As knowledge in biology and geology explodes, science becomes increasingly specialized. Given the overlap of the environmental sciences, however, the explosion in knowledge inevitably creates opportunities for interconnecting the biogeosciences. Here, 30 scientists emphasize the opportunities for biogeoscience collaborations across the world’s remarkable long-term environmental research networks that can advance science and engage larger scientific and public audiences.
Roland Baatz, Pamela L. Sullivan, Li Li, Samantha R. Weintraub, Henry W. Loescher, Michael Mirtl, Peter M. Groffman, Diana H. Wall, Michael Young, Tim White, Hang Wen, Steffen Zacharias, Ingolf Kühn, Jianwu Tang, Jérôme Gaillardet, Isabelle Braud, Alejandro N. Flores, Praveen Kumar, Henry Lin, Teamrat Ghezzehei, Julia Jones, Henry L. Gholz, Harry Vereecken, and Kris Van Looy
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 593–609, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-593-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-593-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Focusing on the usage of integrated models and in situ Earth observatory networks, three challenges are identified to advance understanding of ESD, in particular to strengthen links between biotic and abiotic, and above- and below-ground processes. We propose developing a model platform for interdisciplinary usage, to formalize current network infrastructure based on complementarities and operational synergies, and to extend the reanalysis concept to the ecosystem and critical zone.
Maha Deeb, Michel Grimaldi, Thomas Z. Lerch, Anne Pando, Agnès Gigon, and Manuel Blouin
SOIL, 2, 163–174, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-163-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-163-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper addresses the evolution of engineered soils (i.e., Technosols). The formation of such soils begins with proportional mixing of urban waste. Technosols are particularly well suited for investigating the role of organisms in soil function development. This is because they provide a controlled environment where the soil development can be monitored over time.
Organisms and their interaction with parent materials positively affect the structure of Technosols.
J. W. van Groenigen, D. Huygens, P. Boeckx, Th. W. Kuyper, I. M. Lubbers, T. Rütting, and P. M. Groffman
SOIL, 1, 235–256, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-235-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-235-2015, 2015
Related subject area
Soils and managed ecosystems
Mulch application as the overarching factor explaining increase in soil organic carbon stocks under conservation agriculture in two 8-year-old experiments in Zimbabwe
The QuantiSlakeTest, measuring soil structural stability by dynamic weighing of undisturbed samples immersed in water
The limited effect of deforestation on stabilized subsoil organic carbon in a subtropical catchment
Managing soil organic carbon in tropical agroecosystems: evidence from four long-term experiments in Kenya
Impact of contrasting fertilizer technologies on N dynamics from subsurface bands of “pure” or blended fertilizer applications
Wetting and drying cycles, organic amendments, and gypsum play a key role in structure formation and stability of sodic Vertisols
Quality assessment of meta-analyses on soil organic carbon
The role of long-term mineral and manure fertilization on P species accumulation and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in paddy red soils
Soil depth as a driver of microbial and carbon dynamics in a planted forest (Pinus radiata) pumice soil
Transforming living labs into lighthouses: a promising policy to achieve land-related sustainable development
What comes after the Sun? On the integration of soil biogeochemical pre-weathering into microplastic experiments
Transition to conservation agriculture: how tillage intensity and covering affect soil physical parameters
Combining colour parameters and geochemical tracers to improve sediment source discrimination in a mining catchment (New Caledonia, South Pacific Islands)
The effects of sealing on urban soil carbon and nutrients
Application of the governance disruptions framework to German agricultural soil policy
Middle Bronze Age land use practices in the northwestern Alpine foreland – a multi-proxy study of colluvial deposits, archaeological features and peat bogs
Spatial variability in heavy metal concentration in urban pavement joints – a case study
Global concentrations of microplastics in soils – a review
Effects of microplastic and microglass particles on soil microbial community structure in an arable soil (Chernozem)
Women's agricultural practices and their effects on soil nutrient content in the Nyalenda urban gardens of Kisumu, Kenya
Effects of golf course management on subsurface soil properties in Iowa
Local soil quality assessment of north-central Namibia: integrating farmers' and technical knowledge
How Alexander von Humboldt's life story can inspire innovative soil research in developing countries
Paleosols can promote root growth of recent vegetation – a case study from the sandy soil–sediment sequence Rakt, the Netherlands
An insight into pre-Columbian raised fields: the case of San Borja, Bolivian lowlands
The impact of ancestral heath management on soils and landscapes: a reconstruction based on paleoecological analyses of soil records in the central and southeastern Netherlands
Soil archives of a Fluvisol: subsurface analysis and soil history of the medieval city centre of Vlaardingen, the Netherlands – an integral approach
Effect of grassland cutting frequency on soil carbon storage – a case study on public lawns in three Swedish cities
Facing policy challenges with inter- and transdisciplinary soil research focused on the UN Sustainable Development Goals
The significance of soils and soil science towards realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Case studies of soil in art
Effects of fresh and aged chars from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization on nutrient sorption in agricultural soils
Soil properties and pre-Columbian settlement patterns in the Monumental Mounds Region of the Llanos de Moxos, Bolivian Amazon
An ecosystem approach to assess soil quality in organically and conventionally managed farms in Iceland and Austria
Armwell Shumba, Regis Chikowo, Christian Thierfelder, Marc Corbeels, Johan Six, and Rémi Cardinael
SOIL, 10, 151–165, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-151-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-151-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Conservation agriculture (CA), combining reduced or no tillage, permanent soil cover, and improved rotations, is often promoted as a climate-smart practice. However, our knowledge of the impact of CA on top- and subsoil soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in the low-input cropping systems of sub-Saharan Africa is rather limited. Using two long-term experimental sites with different soil types, we found that mulch could increase top SOC stocks, but no tillage alone had a slightly negative impact.
Frédéric Marie Vanwindekens and Brieuc François Hardy
SOIL, 9, 573–591, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-573-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-573-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Structural stability is critical for sustainable agricultural soil management. We invented a simple test to measure soil structural stability. The QuantiSlakeTest consists of a dynamic weighting of a dried soil sample in water. The test is rapid, does not require expensive equipment and provides a high density of information on soil structural properties. With an open-access programme for data management under development, the test has strong potential for adoption by a large community of users.
Claude Raoul Müller, Johan Six, Liesa Brosens, Philipp Baumann, Jean Paolo Gomes Minella, Gerard Govers, and Marijn Van de Broek
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2170, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2170, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Subsoils in the tropics are not yet as extensively studied as in temperate regions. In this study, the conversion of forest to agriculture in a subtropical region affected the concentration of stabilized organic carbon (OC) down to 90 cm depth, while no significant differences between 90 cm and 300 cm were detected. Our results suggest that subsoils below 90 cm are unlikely to accumulate additional stabilized OC through reforestation over decadal periods due to declining OC input with depth.
Moritz Laub, Marc Corbeels, Antoine Couëdel, Samuel Mathu Ndungu, Monicah Wanjiku Mucheru-Muna, Daniel Mugendi, Magdalena Necpalova, Wycliffe Waswa, Marijn Van de Broek, Bernard Vanlauwe, and Johan Six
SOIL, 9, 301–323, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-301-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In sub-Saharan Africa, long-term low-input maize cropping threatens soil fertility. We studied how different quality organic inputs combined with mineral N fertilizer could counteract this. Farmyard manure was the best input to counteract soil carbon loss; mineral N fertilizer had no effect on carbon. Yet, the rates needed to offset soil carbon losses are unrealistic for farmers (>10 t of dry matter per hectare and year). Additional agronomic measures may be needed.
Chelsea K. Janke and Michael J. Bell
SOIL, 9, 243–259, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-243-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-243-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fertilizer blends of controlled release and stabilized nitrogen (N) demonstrated temporal N dynamics intermediate of unblended fertilizers. Soil characteristics had a significant impact on N dynamics and the efficacy of the differing enhanced efficiency fertilizer mechanisms to minimize potential N losses. Insights can improve N supply predictability, offering opportunities to improve N use efficiency in cropping systems.
Sara Niaz, J. Bernhard Wehr, Ram C. Dalal, Peter M. Kopittke, and Neal W. Menzies
SOIL, 9, 141–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-141-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-141-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sodic soils affect ~580 Mha in semi-arid and arid regions of the world. These soils have a weak structure. This laboratory study evaluated treatments to overcome the weak aggregate structure in two sodic Vertisols by applying organic amendments, gypsum, and wetting–drying cycles. We conclude that sodic soils need to be treated with gypsum to flocculate clay and organic amendments (lucerne or chicken manure) to form aggregates, whereas drying cycles aid in small macroaggregates formation.
Julia Fohrafellner, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Rajasekaran Murugan, and Elena Valkama
SOIL, 9, 117–140, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The number of meta-analyses in agriculture and soil sciences is continuously rising, but they are often of poor quality. We quantitatively analyzed the quality of 31 meta-analyses studying the effects of different management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC). We found that only one meta-analysis on no tillage/reduced tillage obtained a high score. New or improved meta-analyses on the effects of organic agriculture, biochar, fertilization, and crop diversification on SOC are urgently needed.
Shuiqing Chen, Jusheng Gao, Huaihai Chen, Zeyuan Zhang, Jing Huang, Lefu Lv, Jinfang Tan, and Xiaoqian Jiang
SOIL, 9, 101–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-101-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-101-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term inorganic P (IP) fertilization increased total P (TP), available P (AP) and IP, but manure fertilization accelerated the accumulation of organic P (OP). Long-term mineral fertilization had a negative impact on bacterial communities, while manure fertilization and rhizosphere soil provided more nutrients that improved the separation of bacterial communities. Correspondingly, P indicators such as IP and TP were related to the variation in a phosphate-solubilizing bacterial community.
Alexa K. Byers, Loretta G. Garrett, Charlotte Armstrong, Fiona Dean, and Steve A. Wakelin
SOIL, 9, 55–70, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-55-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-55-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Forest soils store large amounts of carbon (C), but research has remained focused on C storage in topsoil layers. We investigated changes in forest soil C storage and microbial ecology to 1 m depth. Though absolute soil C content, microbial diversity and microbial biomass declined sharply with depth, 35 % of total soil C was cumulatively stored in subsoil layers. Our findings highlight the importance of including subsoils when calculating the C storage capacity of forest systems.
Johan Bouma
SOIL, 8, 751–759, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-751-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-751-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In the new
Soil Deal for Europe, land users, mostly farmers, and scientists are required to work jointly in
living labsto develop sustainable land use systems. We propose that threshold values for different ecosystem services in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the EU Green Deal (GD) have to be met to define
lighthousesthat demonstrate successful sustainable land use systems, functioning as inspiring examples. A case study illustrates the important role of soils.
Frederick Büks and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL, 8, 373–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-373-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-373-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The adverse effect of microplastic (MP) on soil biota and soil structure depends on MP particle size and surface characteristics. Since weathering plays a major role in the genesis of these, it must be considered in both the analysis of environmental MP and the production of artificial MP for laboratory experiments. This work integrates recent findings on adverse effects and the genesis of its surface characteristics and discusses how to reproduce them to obtain closer-to-nature designer MP.
Felice Sartori, Ilaria Piccoli, Riccardo Polese, and Antonio Berti
SOIL, 8, 213–222, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-213-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-213-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of the transition from conventional to conservation agriculture on soil physical properties, by determining the best soil tillage and covering combination, to exploit the benefits of conservation agriculture from the first conversion years. The results proved that, despite an increase in bulk density and penetration resistance, soil under reduced tillage systems with a cover crop improved its hydraulic properties.
Virginie Sellier, Oldrich Navratil, John Patrick Laceby, Cédric Legout, Anthony Foucher, Michel Allenbach, Irène Lefèvre, and Olivier Evrard
SOIL, 7, 743–766, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-743-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-743-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Open-cast mining increases soil erosion and transfer of sediment in river systems. Providing a methodology to better understand the sediment dynamic of these catchments is essential to manage this pollution. In this study, different tracers such as elemental geochemistry or colour properties were tested to trace and quantify the mining source contributions to the sediment inputs in the Thio River catchment, one of the first areas exploited for nickel mining in New Caledonia (i.e. since 1880).
Roisin O'Riordan, Jess Davies, Carly Stevens, and John N. Quinton
SOIL, 7, 661–675, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-661-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-661-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
As urban populations grow, soil sealing with impermeable surfaces will increase. At present there is limited knowledge on the effect of sealing on soil carbon and nutrients. We found that, in general, sealing reduced soil carbon and nutrients; however, where there were additions due to human activity, soil carbon and nutrients were increased. This suggests that there is a legacy soil carbon store in areas with an industrial past and highlights the influence of artefacts in urban soil.
Bartosz Bartkowski, Stephan Bartke, Nina Hagemann, Bernd Hansjürgens, and Christoph Schröter-Schlaack
SOIL, 7, 495–509, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-495-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-495-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use a holistic framework to analyze how agricultural policy in Germany affects the sustainability of soil management. We look at the adequacy of policy targets, objects (i.e. drivers of soil degradation), instruments, assumptions about farmers' behaviour, and the coherence among these four dimensions. We find deficits in each dimension, particularly object and instrument adequacy. Agricultural soil policy in Germany lacks depth and coherence, and the role of biomass demand is neglected.
Sascha Scherer, Benjamin Höpfer, Katleen Deckers, Elske Fischer, Markus Fuchs, Ellen Kandeler, Jutta Lechterbeck, Eva Lehndorff, Johanna Lomax, Sven Marhan, Elena Marinova, Julia Meister, Christian Poll, Humay Rahimova, Manfred Rösch, Kristen Wroth, Julia Zastrow, Thomas Knopf, Thomas Scholten, and Peter Kühn
SOIL, 7, 269–304, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-269-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-269-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims to reconstruct Middle Bronze Age (MBA) land use practices in the northwestern Alpine foreland (SW Germany, Hegau). We used a multi-proxy approach including biogeochemical proxies from colluvial deposits in the surroundings of a MBA settlement, on-site archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data and off-site pollen data. From our data we infer land use practices such as plowing, cereal growth, forest farming and use of fire that marked the beginning of major colluvial deposition.
Collin J. Weber, Alexander Santowski, and Peter Chifflard
SOIL, 7, 15–31, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-15-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-15-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Pavement joints, defined as the joint between paving stones and filled with different materials, in the inner city area of Marburg (Hesse, Germany) show moderate to high pollution with different heavy metals. Enrichment of heavy metals in pavement joints is related to surface run-off accumulation. As the pollution of pavement joints poses direct risks to the environment and humans in urban areas, the inconspicuous joints should be considered in urban water management strategies.
Frederick Büks and Martin Kaupenjohann
SOIL, 6, 649–662, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-649-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-649-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Laboratory experiments that assess microplastic (MP) impact on the terrestrial environment require information on common soil MP concentrations. We reviewed item numbers and mass concentrations recorded in 23 studies, with 223 sampling sites in total with respect to the underlying entry pathways, land uses and vicinities. Common values included amounts of up to 13 000 items kg−1 and 4.5 mg kg−1 dry soil. Based on the collected data, we identified problems in past field studies.
Katja Wiedner and Steven Polifka
SOIL, 6, 315–324, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-315-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-315-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Microplastics and microglass are used in a wide range of everyday and industrial applications acting as abrasives, filler and binding agents, which could enter aquatic and terrestrial environments with unexpected consequences for ecosystems. Our study suggests that different types of microparticles seem to have contrary effects on soil microorganisms, depending on the origin and properties of microparticles. This study should be seen as basis for further research, which is urgently needed.
Nicolette Tamara Regina Johanna Maria Jonkman, Esmee Daniëlle Kooijman, Karsten Kalbitz, Nicky Rosa Maria Pouw, and Boris Jansen
SOIL, 5, 303–313, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-303-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-303-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In the urban gardens of Kisumu we interviewed female farmers to determine the sources and scope of their agricultural knowledge. We assessed the impact of the knowledge by comparing the influence of two types of management on soil nutrients. While one type of management was more effective in terms of preserving soil nutrients, the other management type had socioeconomic benefits. Both environmental and socioeconomic effects have to be considered in agricultural training to increase their impact.
Matthew T. Streeter and Keith E. Schilling
SOIL, 4, 93–100, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-93-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-93-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Iowa golf courses provide an ideal location to evaluate whether golf course management is affecting the quality of soils at depth. Our study evaluated how soil properties relating to soil health and resiliency varied with depth at golf courses across Iowa and interpreted relationships of these properties to current golf course management and inherent soil properties. Systematic variation in soil properties including sand content, NO3, and SOM was observed with depth.
Brice Prudat, Lena Bloemertz, and Nikolaus J. Kuhn
SOIL, 4, 47–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-47-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-47-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Soil degradation is a major threat for farmers of semi-arid north-central Namibia. Having tools to assess soil quality is important to evaluate soil conditions and helps targeting important issues. We developed a soil evaluation toolbox that integrates farmers' field experiences and technical knowledge. The combination of local soil descriptions, field soil texture evaluation and soil colour provides locally meaningful information that reveals soil quality improvement potentials.
Johan Bouma
SOIL, 3, 153–159, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-153-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-153-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Alexander von Humboldt was an inspiring scientist in the early 1800s, traveling widely, making many measurements, and linking different scientific disciplines while keeping an eye open to the needs of society. This is particularly relevant today in our information society, and researchers in developing countries are advised to follow the von Humboldt example when planning their future research.
Martina I. Gocke, Fabian Kessler, Jan M. van Mourik, Boris Jansen, and Guido L. B. Wiesenberg
SOIL, 2, 537–549, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-537-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-537-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Investigation of a Dutch sandy profile demonstrated that buried soils provide beneficial growth conditions for plant roots in terms of nutrients. The intense exploitation of deep parts of the soil profile, including subsoil and soil parent material, by roots of the modern vegetation is often underestimated by traditional approaches. Potential consequences of deep rooting for terrestrial carbon stocks, located to a relevant part in buried soils, remain largely unknown and require further studies.
Leonor Rodrigues, Umberto Lombardo, Mareike Trauerstein, Perrine Huber, Sandra Mohr, and Heinz Veit
SOIL, 2, 367–389, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-367-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-367-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Our study examines pre-Columbian agricultural raised fields in the Bolivian Amazon.
It provides a new interpretation for pre-Columbian management of raised fields.
The results show that differences in field size and height are the result of an adaptation to a site where soil properties vary significantly on a scale of tens to hundreds of meters. The analysis and dating of the raised fields sediments point towards an extensive and rather brief use of the raised fields, for about 100–200 years.
Marieke Doorenbosch and Jan M. van Mourik
SOIL, 2, 311–324, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-311-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-311-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Soil records provide information about 5 millennia of heath management in cultural landscapes on sandy soils. Deforestations and the introduction of the deep, stable economy in the 18th century resulted in sand drifting and heath degradation. After the introduction of chemical fertilizers more than 90 % of the heaths were transformed into productive arable field or forests. Currently the last heaths are preserved as part of the cultural heritage.
Sjoerd Kluiving, Tim de Ridder, Marcel van Dasselaar, Stan Roozen, and Maarten Prins
SOIL, 2, 271–285, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-271-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-271-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In medieval times the city of Vlaardingen (the Netherlands) was strategically located on the confluence of three rivers, the Maas, the Merwede, and the Vlaarding. Combined research on the history and soil of this city was initiated by an archaeological research question, following Dutch legislation. The start of fluvial system 2 in AD 600 correlates with evidence of the church that was present at least in AD 726/727. Results record the period before and after the flooding in AD 1170.
C. Poeplau, H. Marstorp, K. Thored, and T. Kätterer
SOIL, 2, 175–184, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-175-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-175-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We compared two long-term contrasting systems of urban lawn management (frequently cut utility lawn vs. seldomly cut meadow-like lawn) regarding their effect on soil carbon in three Swedish cities. Biomass production was also measured during 1 year. The utility lawns had a significantly higher biomass production, which resulted in a higher soil carbon storage, since clippings were not removed. Soil carbon sequestration outweighed the higher management-related CO2 emissions of the utility lawns.
Johan Bouma and Luca Montanarella
SOIL, 2, 135–145, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-135-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-135-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The recently accepted UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a major challenge to the research community, including soil science. SDGs require a interdisciplinary research approach that forces every discipline to critically evaluate its core messages. Effective communication with the policy arena requires use of common policy concepts such as policy phases and distinction of drivers, pressures, and responses to change. To accomodate such needs, research practices will have to change.
Saskia D. Keesstra, Johan Bouma, Jakob Wallinga, Pablo Tittonell, Pete Smith, Artemi Cerdà, Luca Montanarella, John N. Quinton, Yakov Pachepsky, Wim H. van der Putten, Richard D. Bardgett, Simon Moolenaar, Gerben Mol, Boris Jansen, and Louise O. Fresco
SOIL, 2, 111–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-111-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-111-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Soil science, as a land-related discipline, has links to several of the UN Sustainable Development Goals which are demonstrated through the functions of soils and related ecosystem services. We discuss how soil scientists can rise to the challenge both internally and externally in terms of our relations with colleagues in other disciplines, diverse groups of stakeholders and the policy arena. To meet these goals we recommend the set of steps to be taken by the soil science community as a whole.
C. Feller, E. R. Landa, A. Toland, and G. Wessolek
SOIL, 1, 543–559, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-543-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-543-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Case studies of artworks focused on painting, installation, and film are presented, with the view of encouraging further exploration of art about, in, and with soil, as a contribution to raising soil awareness.
M. Gronwald, A. Don, B. Tiemeyer, and M. Helfrich
SOIL, 1, 475–489, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-475-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-475-2015, 2015
U. Lombardo, S. Denier, and H. Veit
SOIL, 1, 65–81, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-65-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-65-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In the present paper we explore to what degree soil properties might have influenced pre-Columbian settlement patterns in the Monumental Mounds Region (MMR) of the Llanos de Moxos (LM), Bolivian Amazon. This study provides new data on the soil properties of the south-eastern Bolivian Amazon and reinforces the hypothesis that environmental constraints and opportunities exerted an important role on pre-Columbian occupation patterns and the population density reached in the Bolivian Amazon.
J. P. van Leeuwen, T. Lehtinen, G. J. Lair, J. Bloem, L. Hemerik, K. V. Ragnarsdóttir, G. Gísladóttir, J. S. Newton, and P. C. de Ruiter
SOIL, 1, 83–101, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-83-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-83-2015, 2015
Cited articles
Akmar, A. N., Konijnendijk, C. C., Sreetheran, M., and Nilsson, K.: Greenspace
planning and management in Klang valley, Peninsular Malaysia, Arboric.
Urban. For., 37, 99–107, 2011.
Alizadehtazi, B., DiGiovanni, K., Foti, R., Morin, T., Shetty, N. H.,
Montalto, F. A., and Gurian, P. L.: Comparison of observed infiltration rates
of different permeable urban surfaces using a cornell sprinkle
infiltrometer, J. Hydrol. Eng., 21, 06016003,
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001374, 2016.
Bacholle, C., Leclerc, B., and Coppin, Y.: Utilisation de produits organiques en
reconstitution de sol – Inventaire des pratiques en France – Etat de l'art
des connaissances liées aux impacts de ces pratiques [Use of organic
products in soil reconstitution – Inventory of practices in France – State
of the art of knowledge related to the impacts of these practices], Agence
de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l'énergie (Ademe), Paris,
Angers, Valbonne, Revue bimestrielle consacrée à l'actualité des
travaux sur les matières organiques Echo-MO 59, 119 pp., 2006.
Bartens, J., Day, S. D., Harris, J. R., Dove, J. E., and Wynn, T. M.: Can urban
tree roots improve infiltration through compacted subsoils for stormwater
management?, J. Environ. Qual., 37, 2048–2057,
https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0117, 2008.
Basta, N. T., Busalacchi, D. M., Hundal, L. S., Kumar, K., Dick, R. P., Lanno,
R. P., Carlson, J., Cox, A. E., and Granato, T. C.: Restoring ecosystem
function in degraded urban soil using biosolids, biosolids blend, and
compost, J. Environ. Qual., 45, 74–83,
https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.01.0009, 2016.
Battaglia, A., Calace, N., Nardi, E., Petronio, B. M., and Pietroletti, M.:
Reduction of Pb and Zn bioavailable forms in metal polluted soils due to
paper mill sludge addition: Effects on Pb and Zn transferability to barley,
Bioresour. Technol., 98, 2993–2999,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.10.007, 2007.
Bettez, N. D. and Groffman, P. M.: Denitrification potential in stormwater
control structures and natural riparian zones in an urban landscape,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 10909–10917,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es301409z, 2012.
Beyers, J. L.: Postfire seeding for erosion control: Effectiveness and
impacts on native plant communities, Conserv. Biol., 18. 947–956, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00523.x, 2004.
Blouin, M., Hodson, M. E., Delgado, E. A., Baker, G., Brussaard, L., Butt,
K. R., Dai, J., Dendooven, L., Peres, G., Tondoh, J. E., Cluzeau D., and Brun
J. J.: A review of earthworm impact on soil function and ecosystem services,
Eur. J. Soil Sci., 64, 161–182,
https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12025, 2013.
Bouzouidja, R., Séré, G., Claverie, R., Ouvrard, S., Nuttens, L.,
and Lacroix, D.: Green roof aging: Quantifying the impact of substrate
evolution on hydraulic performances at the lab-scale, J. Hydrol., 564,
416–423, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.07.032, 2018.
Bradshaw, A.: Restoration of mined lands – using natural processes, Ecol.
Eng., 8, 255–269, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(97)00022-0, 1997.
Brandon, D. L. and Price, R. A.: Summary of available guidance and best
practices for determining suitability of dredged material for beneficial
uses. Engineer Research and Development Center Vicksburg Ms Environmental
Lab, available online: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/
(last access: 4 September 2020), 2007.
Bridgman, H. A., Warner, R. F., and Dodson, J. R.: Urban biophysical
environments, Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 1–152, 1995.
Brown, S. L., Chaney, R. L., and Hettiarachchi, G. M.: Lead in urban soils: a
real or perceived concern for urban agriculture?, J. Environ. Qual., 45,
26–36, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.07.0376, 2016.
Brunner, J. and Cozens, P.: Where Have All the Trees Gone?, Urban
Consolidation and the Demise of Urban Vegetation: A Case Study from Western
Australia, Plan. Pract. Res., 28, 231–255, https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2012.733525, 2013.
Byomkesh, T., Nakagoshi, N., and Dewan, A. M.: Urbanization and green space
dynamics in Greater Dhaka, Bangladesh. Landsc. Ecol. Eng., 8, 45–58,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-010-0147-7, 2012.
Calace, N., Campisi, T., Iacondini, A., Leoni, M., Petronio, B. M., and
Pietroletti, M.: Metal-contaminated soil remediation by means of paper mill
sludges addition: chemical and ecotoxicological evaluation, Environ.
Pollut., 136, 485–492, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.12.014, 2005.
Cannavo, P., Guénon, R., Galopin, G., and Vidal-Beaudet, L.: Technosols
made with various urban wastes showed contrasted performance for tree
development during a 3-year experiment, Environ. Earth Sci., 77, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7848-x, 2018.
Cariolet, J.-M., Colombert, M., Vuillet, M., and Diab, Y.: Assessing the
resilience of urban areas to traffic-related air pollution: Application in
Greater Paris, Sci. Total. Environ., 615, 588–596,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.334, 2018.
Cheng, Z., Paltseva, A., Li, I., Morin, T., Huot, H., Egendorf, S., Su, Z.,
Yolanda, R., Singh, K., Lee, L., Grinshtein, M., Green, K., Wai, W., Wazed,
B., and Shaw, R.: Trace Metal Contamination in New York City Garden Soils,
Soil Sci., 180, 167–174,
https://doi.org/10.1097/SS.0000000000000126, 2015.
Chillrud, S. N., Bopp, R. F., Simpson, H. J., Ross, J. M., Shuster, E. L., Chaky,
D. A., Walsh, D. C., Choy, C. C., Tolley, L.-R., and Yarme, A.: Twentieth
century atmospheric metal fluxes into central park lake, New York City,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 657–662,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es9807892, 1999.
Coley, R. L., Sullivan, W. C., and Kuo, F. E.: Where does community grow? The
social context created by nature in urban public housing, Environ. Behav.,
29, 468–494, https://doi.org/10.1177/001391659702900402,
1997.
Corradini, F., Meza, P., Eguiluz, R., Casado, F., Huerta-Lwanga, E., and
Geissen, V.: Evidence of microplastic accumulation in agricultural soils
from sewage sludge disposal, Sci. Total Environ., 671, 411–420,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.368, 2019.
Craul, P. J.: Urban Soils: Applications and Practices, New York, John Wiley
and Sons, 85–115, 1999.
Creger, T. L. and Peryea, F. J.: Phosphate Fertilizer Enhances Arsenic
Uptake by Apricot Liners Grown in Lead-arsenate-enriched Soil, HortScience,
29, 88–92, https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.29.2.88, 1994.
Culbertson, T. L. and Hutchinson S. L.: Assessing Bioretention Cell Function
in a Midwest Continental Climate, Ottawa, Canada 1–4 August 2004, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, Meeting Paper No. 047051, ASAE, St Joseph, Mich., 7814–7852, 047051,
https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.17124, 2004.
Czech, B., Krausman, P. R., and Devers, P. K.: Economic Associations among
Causes of Species Endangerment in the United States Associations among
causes of species endangerment in the United States reflect the integration
of economic sectors, supporting the theory and evidence that economic growth
proceeds at the competitive exclusion of nonhuman species in the aggregate,
BioScience, 50, 593–601,
https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0593:EAACOS]2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Damas, O. and Coulon, A.: Créer des sols fertiles: du déchet à
la végétalisation urbaine, Create fertile soils: from waste to urban
greening, Paris, Editions Le Moniteur, 335 pp., 2016.
Darmody, R. G. and Marlin, J. C.: Sediments and sediment-derived soils in
Illinois: Pedological and agronomic assessment, Environ. Monit. Assess., 77,
209–227, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015880004383, 2002.
Das, I., Pedit, J., Handa, S., and Jagger, P.: Household air pollution
(HAP), microenvironment and child health: Strategies for mitigating HAP
exposure in urban Rwanda, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 045011, https://doi.org/10.1008/1748-9326/aab047, 2018.
Daunay, M.: La création de sols de plantation en mélange
terre-pierres pour les arbres d'alignement, à travers l'exemple d'une
réalisation faite par Viapark, à Nanterre, The creation of planting
soil mixed land-stones to roadside trees, through the example of an
achievement made by Viapark in Nanterre, Le sol, support de nos
plantations, Livre blanc du colloque de l'UNEP, 2 Juin 1999, Paris, 44–47,
1998.
Davis, A. P., Hunt, W. F., Traver, R. G., and Clar, M.: Bioretention Technology:
Overview of Current Practice and Future Needs, J. Environ. Eng., 135,
109–117, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2009)135:3(109), 2009.
DEBNY (New York City Department of Environmental Protection): available at:
http://www.developmentexcellence.com/tools/docs/NYC%20Green%20Infrastructure%20Plan.pdf, last access: 28 September 2010.
Deeb, M., Grimaldi, M., lerch, T. Z., Pando, A., Podwojewski, P., and Blouin,
M.: Influence of organic matter content on hydro-structural properties of
constructed Technosols, Pedosphere, 26, 486–498,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(15)60059-5, 2016a.
Deeb, M., Grimaldi, M., Lerch, T. Z., Pando, A., Gigon, A., and Blouin, M.: Interactions between organisms and parent materials of a constructed Technosol shape its hydrostructural properties, SOIL, 2, 163–174, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-163-2016, 2016b.
Deeb, M.: Influence des plantes, des vers de terre et de la matière
organique sur la structure de technosols construits, The effect of
earthworms, plants and organic matters on structure of Constructed
Technosols, Ph.D. thesis, UPEC, Université Paris-Est Créteil – UMR
IEES – Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris,
Créteil, France, 192 pp.,
2016c.
Deeb, M., Desjardins, T., Podwojewski, P., Pando, A., Blouin, M., and Lerch,
T. Z.: Interactive effects of compost, plants and earthworms on the
aggregations of constructed Technosols, Geoderma, 305, 305–313,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.06.014, 2017.
Deeb, M., Groffman, P. M., Joyner, J. L., Lozefski, G., Paltseva, A., Lin, B.,
Mania, K., Cao, D. L., McLaughlin, J., Muth, T., Prithiviraj, B., Kerwin, J.,
and Cheng, Z.: Soil and microbial properties of green infrastructure
stormwater management systems, Ecol. Eng., 125, 68–75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.10.017, 2018.
De Kimpe, C. R. and Morel, J. L.: Urban soil management: A growing concern,
Soil Sci., 165, 31–40, 2000.
De Sousa, C. A.: Turning brownfields into green space in the City of Toronto,
Landsc. Urban Plan., 62, 181–198,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00149-4, 2003.
Dick, D. P., Knicker, H., Ávila, L. G., Inda Jr., A. V., Giasson, E., and
Bissani, C. A.: Organic matter in constructed soils from a coal mining area
in southern Brazil, Org. Geochem., 37, 1537–1545,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.06.017, 2006.
Dickinson, N. M.: Strategies for sustainable woodland on contaminated soils,
Chemosphere, 41, 259–263,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00419-1, 2000.
Doni, A., Murthy, C., and Kurian, M. Z.: Survey on multi sensor based air and
water quality monitoring using IoT, Indian J. Sci. Res., 17, 147–153, 2018.
Dornbush, M. E.: Plant community change following fifty-years of management
at Kalsow Prairie Preserve, Iowa, USA Am. Midl. Nat., 151, 241–250, 2004.
Dubik, S. P., Krizek, D. T., and Stimart, D. P.: Influence of root zone
restriction on mineral element concentration, water potential, chlorophyll
concentration, and partitioning of assimilate in spreading euonymus (E.
Kiautschovica Loes. “Sieboldiana”), J. Plant Nutr., 13, 677–699,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01904169009364109, 1990.
Egendorf, S. P., Cheng, Z., Deeb, M., Flores, V., Paltseva, A., Walsh, D.,
Groffman, P., and Mielke, H. W.: Constructed soils for mitigating lead (Pb)
exposure and promoting urban community gardening: The New York City Clean
Soil Bank pilot study, Landsc. Urban Plan., 175, 184–194, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.03.012, 2018.
European Environment Agency: Urban green infrastructure, available at:
https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/sustainability-transitions/urban-environment/urban-green-infrastructure (last access: 4 September 2020),
2017.
European Commission: Construction and Demolition Waste, available at: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/construction_demolition.htm (last access: 16 May 2020), 2020.
Fletcher, R. J. and Koford, R. R.: Habitat and landscape associations of
breeding birds in native and restored grasslands, J. Wildl. Manage., 66,
1011–1022, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802933, 2002.
Flores, A., Pickett, S. T., Zipperer, W. C., Pouyat, R. V., and Pirani, R.:
Adopting a modern ecological view of the metropolitan landscape: the case of
a greenspace system for the New York City region, Landsc. Urban Plan., 39,
295–308, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00084-4, 1998.
Flores-Ramírez, E., Dominik, P., and Kaupenjohann, M.: Coating a
dredged sand with recycled ferrihydrites to create a functional material for
plant substrate, J. Soils Sediments, 18, 534–545, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1772-7, 2018.
Foley, J. A., DeFries, R., Asner, G. P., Barford, C., Bonan, G., Carpenter,
S. R., Chapin, F. S., Coe, M. T., Daily, G. C., Gibbs, H. K., Helkowski, J. H.,
Holloway, T., Howard, E. A., Kucharik, C. J., Monfreda, C., Patz, J. A.,
Prentice, C., Ramankutty, N., and Snyder, P. K.: Global Consequences of Land
Use, Science, 309, 570–574, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1111772, 2005.
Fourvel, G. J., Vidal-Beaudet, L., Le Bocq, A., Thery, F., Brochier, V., and
Cannavo, P.: Fertility of Technosols constructed with dam sediments for
urban greening and land reclamation, J. Soils Sediments, 19, 3178–3192,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2077-1, 2018.
Gálvez-Martos, J.-L., Styles, D., Schoenberger, H., and Zeschmar-Lahl,
B.: Construction and demolition waste best management practice in Europe,
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 136, 166–178,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.04.016 , 2018.
Geneletti, D., Biasiolli, A., and Morrison-Saunders, A.: Land take and the
effectiveness of project screening in Environmental Impact Assessment:
Findings from an empirical study, Environ. Impact Assess., 67, 117–123,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2017.08.008, 2017.
Gill, A. S., Lee, A., and McGuire, K. L.: Phylogenetic and functional
diversity of total (DNA) and expressed (RNA) bacterial communities in urban
green infrastructure bioswale soils, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 83,
AEM.00287-17, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00287-17, 2017.
Godefroid, S. and Koedam, N.: Urban plant species patterns are highly
driven by density and function of built-up areas, Landsc. Ecol., 22,
1227–1239, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9102-x, 2007.
Gómez-Sagasti, M. T., Hernández, A., Artetxe, U., Garbisu, C., and
Becerril, J. M.: How Valuable Are Organic Amendments as Tools for the
Phytomanagement of Degraded Soils? The Knowns, Known Unknowns, and Unknowns,
Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 2, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2018.00068, 2018.
Grabosky, J. and Basset, N.: A new urban tree soil to safely increase
rooting volumes under sidewalks, Arboric J., 187–201, 1995.
Grard, B., Bel, N., Marchal, N., Madre, N., Castell, J.-F., Cambier, P.,
Houot, S., Manouchehri, N., Besancon, S., Michel, J.C., Chenu, C.,
Frascaria-Lacoste, N., and Aubry, C.: Recycling urban waste as possible use
for rooftop vegetable garden, Recycling urban waste as possible use for
rooftop vegetable garden, Future of food: Journal on Food, Agriculture and
Society, 3, 21–34, 2015.
Grard, B. J.-P., Chenu, C., Manouchehri, N., Houot, S., Frascaria-Lacoste,
N., and Aubry, C.: Rooftop farming on urban waste provides many ecosystem
services, Agron. Sustain. Dev., 38, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-017-0474-2, 2018.
Grosbellet, C.: Evolution et effet sur la structuration du sol de la
matière organique apporté en grande quantité, Evolution and
effects of great quantities of organic matter on soil structuration, Ph.D.
thesis, Université d'Angers, 237 pp., available at: http://www.theses.fr/2008ANGE0057 (4 September 2020), 2008.
Guilland, C., Maron, P. A., Damas, O., and Ranjard, L.: Biodiversity of urban
soils for sustainable cities, Environ. Chem. Lett., 16, 1267–1282,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0751-6, 2018.
Haaland, C. and van den Bosch, C. K.: Challenges and strategies for urban
green-space planning in cities undergoing densification: A review, Urban
For. Urban Gree., 14, 760–771,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.07.009, 2015.
Haddad, N. M., Brudvig, L. A., Clobert, J., Davies, K. F., Gonzalez, A., Holt,
R. D., Lovejoy, T. E., Sexton, J. O., Austin, M. P., and Collins, C. D.: Habitat
fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth's ecosystems, Sci. Adv., 1,
e1500052, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500052, 2015.
Hafeez, F., Spor, A., Breuil, M.-C., Schwartz, C., Martin-Laurent, F., and
Philippot, L.: Distribution of bacteria and nitrogen-cycling microbial
communities along constructed Technosol depth-profiles, J. Hazard.
Mater., 231/232, 88–97,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.041, 2012a.
Hafeez, F., Martin-Laurent, F., Béguet, J., Bru, D., Cortet, J.,
Schwartz, C., Morel, J.-L., and Philippot, L.: Taxonomic and functional
characterization of microbial communities in Technosols constructed for
remediation of a contaminated industrial wasteland, J. Soils Sediments, 12,
1396–1406, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-012-0563-4, 2012b.
Hall, T.: Goodbye to the Backyard? – The Minimisation of Private Open Space
in the Australian Outer-Suburban Estate, Urban Pol. Res., 28, 411–433,
https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2010.496715, 2010.
Halonen, J. I., Hansell, A. L., Gulliver, J., Morley, D., Blangiardo, M.,
Fecht, D., Toledano, M. B., Beevers, S. D., Anderson, H. R., and Kelly, F. J.:
Road traffic noise is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality and all-cause mortality in London, Eur. Heart J., 36, 2653–2661,
https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv216, 2015.
Heimsath, A. M., Dietrich, W. E., Nishiizumi, K., and Finkel, R. C.: The soil
production function and landscape equilibrium, Nature, 388, 358–361, 1997.
Hendriks, C. F. and Pietersen, H. S.: Report 22: Sustainable Raw Materials:
Construction and Demolition Waste – State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM
Technical Committee 165-SRM (RILEM Publications), 2000.
Horton, A. A., Walton, A., Spurgeon, D. J., Lahive, E., and Svendsen, C.:
Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: Evaluating the
current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research
priorities, Sci. Total Environ., 586, 127–141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.190, 2017.
Hui, N., Jumpponen, A., Francini, G., Kotze, D. J., Liu, X., Romantschuk, M.,
Strömmer, R., and Setälä, H.: Soil microbial communities are
shaped by vegetation type and park age in cities under cold climate,
Environ. Microbiol., 19, 1281–1295,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13660, 2017.
Huot, H., Joyner, J., Córdoba, A., Shaw, R. K., Wilson, M. A., Walker, R.,
Muth, T. R., and Cheng, Z.: Characterizing urban soils in New York City:
profile properties and bacterial communities, J. Soils Sediments, 17,
393–407, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1552-9, 2017.
Hüttl, R. F. and Bradshaw, A.: Aspect of Reclamation Ecology, Landsc.
Urban Plan., 51, 73–74,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00120-1, 2000.
Isaacs, R., Tuell, J., Fiedler, A., Gardiner, M., and Landis, D.: Maximizing
arthropod-mediated ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes: the role
of native plants, Front. Ecol. Environ., 7, 196–203,
https://doi.org/10.1890/080035, 2009.
IUSS Working Group WRB: World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, update
2015 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating
legends for soil maps, World Soil Resources Reports No. 106, FAO, Rome, p.
87, 2015.
Jangorzo, N., Watteau, F., and Schwartz, C.: Ranking of wetting–drying,
plant, and fauna factors involved in the structure dynamics of a young
constructed Technosol, J. Soil. Sediments, 18, 2995,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-1968-5, 2018.
Jangorzo, N. S., Watteau, F., and Schwartz, C.: Evolution of the pore
structure of constructed Technosols during early pedogenesis quantified by
image analysis, Geoderma, 207/208, 180–192,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.05.016, 2013.
Jangorzo, N. S., Watteau, F., Hajos, D., and Schwartz, C.: Nondestructive
monitoring of the effect of biological activity on the pedogenesis of a
Technosol, J. Soil. Sediments, 15, 1705–1715, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-1008-z, 2014.
Jiang, Y., Zhuang, G., Wang, Q., Huang, K., Deng, C., Yu, G., Xu, C., Fu,
Q., Lin, Y., and Fu, J. S.: Impact of mixed anthropogenic and natural
emissions on air quality and eco-environment – the major water-soluble
components in aerosols from northwest to offshore isle, Air Qual. Atmos.
Hlth., 11, 521–534, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-018-0557-5,
2018.
Jim, C. Y.: Urban soil characteristics and limitations for landscape planting
in Hong Kong, Landsc. Urban Plan., 40, 235–249,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00117-5, 1998.
Jim, C. Y.: Monitoring the performance and decline of heritage trees in urban
Hong Kong, J. Environ. Manage., 74, 161–172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.08.014, 2005.
Joyner, J. L., Kerwin, J., Deeb, M., Lozefski, G., Prithiviraj, B., Paltseva,
A., McLaughlin, J., Groffman, P., Cheng, Z., and Muth, T. R.: Green
Infrastructure Design Influences Communities of Urban Soil Bacteria, Front.
Microbiol., 10, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00982,
2019.
Kabisch, N. and Haase, D.: Green spaces of European cities revisited for
1990–2006, Landsc. Urban Plan., 110, 113–122,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.10.017, 2013.
Kazemi, F., Beecham, S., and Gibbs, J.: Streetscape biodiversity and the
role of bioretention swales in an Australian urban environment, Landsc.
Urban Plan., 101, 139–148,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.02.006, 2011.
Keeley, M., Koburger, A., Dolowitz, D. P., Medearis, D., Nickel, D., and
Shuster, W.: Perspectives on the use of green infrastructure for stormwater
management in Cleveland and Milwaukee, Environ. Manage., 51, 1093–1108,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0032-x, 2013.
Kessler, R.: Urban gardening: managing the risks of contaminated soil
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences), Environ. Health
Perspect., 121, A326–A333, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.121-A326, 2013.
Khan, J., Ketzel, M., Kakosimos, K., Sørensen, M., and Jensen, S. S.: Road
traffic air and noise pollution exposure assessment – A review of tools and
techniques, Sci. Total Environ., 634, 661–676,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.374, 2018.
Krook, J., Svensson, N., and Eklund, M.: Landfill mining: A critical review
of two decades of research, Waste Management, 32, 513–520,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.10.015, 2012.
Kumar, S., Malik, R., and Dahiya, I.: Influence of different organic wastes
upon water retention, transmission and contact characteristics of a sandy
soil, Soil Res., 23, 131–136, https://doi.org/10.1071/SR9850131, 1985.
Laidlaw, M. A., Filippelli, G. M., Brown, S., Paz-Ferreiro, J., Reichman,
S. M., Netherway, P., Truskewycz, A., Ball, A. S., and Mielke, H. W.: Case
studies and evidence-based approaches to addressing urban soil lead
contamination, Appl. Geochem., 83, 14–30,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.02.015, 2017.
Larney, F. J. and Angers, D. A.: The role of organic amendments in soil
reclamation: A review, Can. J. Soil Sci., 92, 19–38,
https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss2010-064, 2012.
Latif, M. T., Othman, M., Idris, N., Juneng, L., Abdullah, A. M., Hamzah,
W. P., Khan, M. F., Nik Sulaiman, N. M., Jewaratnam, J., Aghamohammadi, N.,
Sahani, M., Xiang, J. C., Ahmad, F., Amil, N., Darus, M., Varkkey, H.,
Tangang, F., and Jaafar, A. B.: Impact of regional haze towards air quality
in Malaysia: A review, Atmos. Environ., 177, 28–44,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.01.002, 2018.
Lee, A. C. K. and Maheswaran, R.: The health benefits of urban green spaces:
a review of the evidence, J. Public Health, 33, 212–222,
https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdq068, 2011.
Lehman, A.: Technosols and other proposals on urban soils for the WRB (World
Reference Base for Soil Resources), Int. Agrophys., 20, 129–134, 2006.
Lewis, J.: The Potential Fate of Leftover Green Space Areas in
Loughborough-Garendon, Arboric. J., 29, 43–54,
https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2005.9747441, 2005.
Li, Z., Zhang, G., Liu, Y., Wan, K., Zhang, R., and Chen, F.: Soil nutrient
assessment for urban ecosystems in Hubei, China. PloS One, 8, e75856,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075856, 2013.
Lindsey, P. and Bassuk, N.: Redesigning the urban forest from the ground
below: A new approach to specifying adequate soil volumes for street trees,
Arboric. J., 16, 25–39, https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.1992.9746896, 1992.
Liu, W., Chen, W., and Peng, C.: Assessing the effectiveness of green
infrastructures on urban flooding reduction: A community scale study, Ecol.
Model., 291, 6–14,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.07.012, 2014.
Lovett, G. M., Traynor, M. M., Pouyat, R. V., Carreiro, M. M., Zhu, W.-X., and
Baxter, J. W.: Atmospheric Deposition to Oak Forests along an Urban−Rural
Gradient, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 4294–4300,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es001077q, 2000.
Lucas, W. and Greenway, M.: Phosphorus retention performance in vegetated
and non-vegetated bioretention mesocosms using recycled effluent, Rainwater
and Urban Design 2007, edited by: Barton, A. C. T., Engineers Australia, 696–703,
2007.
Lucas, W. C. and Sample, D. J.: Reducing combined sewer overflows by using
outlet controls for Green Stormwater Infrastructure: Case study in Richmond,
Virginia, J. Hydrol., 520, 473–488,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.029, 2015.
Ma, Q. Y., Logan, T. J., and Traina, S. J.: Lead Immobilization from Aqueous
Solutions and Contaminated Soils Using Phosphate Rocks, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 29, 1118–1126, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00004a034,
1995.
Madadi, H., Moradi, H., Soffianian, A., Salmanmahiny, A., Senn, J., and
Geneletti, D.: Degradation of natural habitats by roads: Comparing land-take
and noise effect zone, Environ. Impact Asses., 65, 147–155,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2017.05.003, 2017.
Maes, J., Barbosa, A., Baranzelli, C., Zulian, G., Batista e Silva, F.,
Vandecasteele, I., Hiederer, R., Liquete, C., Paracchini, M.L., Mubareka,
S., Crisioni, C. J., Castillo, C. P., and Lavalle, C.: More green
infrastructure is required to maintain ecosystem services under current
trends in land-use change in Europe, Landsc. Ecol., 30, 517–534, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-014-0083-2, 2015.
Marié, X. and Rossignol, J. P.: Les “Anthroposols reconstitués” pour
les espaces verts, “Anthroposols reconstituted” for green spaces, Int. ISHS
Symp, “La Santé de l'arbre urbain” 22–26 September 1997, Paris, Acta
Horticulturae, no. 496, 361-368, 1997.
Marquez-Bravo, L. G., Briggs, D., Shayler, H., McBride, M., Lopp, D., Stone,
E., Ferenz, G., Bogdan, K. G., Mitchell, R. G., and Spliethoff, H. M.:
Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in New York City
community garden soils: Potential sources and influential factors, Environ.
Toxicol. Chem., 35, 357–367, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3215,
2016.
Maurer, M., Klemm, O., Lokys, H. L., and Lin, N.-H.: Trends of Fog and
Visibility in Taiwan: Climate Change or Air Quality Improvement?, Aerosol
Air Qual. Res., 19, 896–910, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2018.04.0152, 2019.
McBride, M. B., Shayler, H. A., Spliethoff, H. M., Mitchell, R. G.,
Marquez-Bravo, L. G., Ferenz, G. S., Russell-Anelli, J. M., Casey, L., and
Bachman, S.: Concentrations of lead, cadmium and barium in urban
garden-grown vegetables: the impact of soil variables, Environ. Pollut.,
194, 254–261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.036,
2014.
McGeehan, S.L.: Impact of Waste Materials and Organic Amendments on Soil
Properties and Vegetative Performance, Appl. Environ. Soil. Sci., 907831,
https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/907831, 2012.
McGrane, S. J.: Impacts of urbanisation on hydrological and water quality
dynamics, and urban water management: a review, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 61,
2295–2311, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2015.1128084,
2016.
McKinney, M. L.: Urbanization, Biodiversity, and Conservation The impacts of
urbanization on native species are poorly studied, but educating a highly
urbanized human population about these impacts can greatly improve species
conservation in all ecosystems, Bioscience, 52, 883–890, https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0883:UBAC]2.0.CO;2, 2002.
McKinney, M. L.: Effects of urbanization on species richness: a review of
plants and animals, Urban Ecosyst., 11, 161–176, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-007-0045-4, 2008.
McPherson, E. G., van Doorn, N., and de Goede, J.: Structure, function and
value of street trees in California, USA, Urban. For. Urban. Green, 17,
104–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.03.013, 2016.
McPhillips, L. and Walter, M. T.: Hydrologic conditions drive
denitrification and greenhouse gas emissions in stormwater detention basins,
Ecol. Eng., 85, 67–75,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.10.018, 2015.
McPhillips, L., Goodale, C., and Walter, M. T.: Nutrient Leaching
and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Grassed Detention and Bioretention
Stormwater Basins, Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment, 4,
04017014, https://doi.org/10.1061/JSWBAY.0000837, 2018.
Mell, I. C., Henneberry, J., Hehl-Lange, S., and Keskin, B.: To green or not
to green: Establishing the economic value of green infrastructure
investments in The Wicker, Sheffield, Urban. For. Urban. Gree., 18,
257–267, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.06.015, 2016.
Mielke, H. W., Anderson, J. C., Berry, K. J., Mielke, P. W., Chaney, R. L., and
Leech, M.: Lead concentrations in inner-city soils as a factor in the child
lead problem, Am. J. Public Health, 73, 1366–1369, 1983.
Mitchell, R. G., Spliethoff, H. M., Ribaudo, L. N., Lopp, D. M., Shayler, H.A.,
Marquez-Bravo, L. G., Lambert, V. T., Ferenz, G. S., Russell-Anelli, J. M., and
Stone, E. B.: Lead (Pb) and other metals in New York City community garden
soils: factors influencing contaminant distributions, Environ. Pollut., 187,
162–169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.01.007, 2014.
Morel, J. L., Chenu, C., and Lorenz, K.: Ecosystem services provided by soils
of urban, industrial, traffic, mining, and military areas (SUITMAs), J.
Soils Sediments, 15, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0926-0, 2014.
Morse, N. R., McPhillips, L. E., Shapleigh, J. P., and Walter, M. T.: The Role
of Denitrification in Stormwater Detention Basin Treatment of Nitrogen, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 51, 7928–7935,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01813, 2017.
Muir, P. S. and McCune, B.: Lichens, tree growth, and foliar symptoms of air
pollution: are the stories consistent?, J. Environ. Qual., 17, 361–370,
https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700030004x, 1988.
Narkhede, S. D., Jadhav, R. N., Khatik, V. A., Ingle, S. T., and Attarde, S. B.:
Composting and its applicability in developing countries, Int.
J. Agr. Sci., 6, 343–349, 2010.
Nemati, M. R., Caron, J., and Gallichand, J.: Stability of Structural Form
during Infiltration Laboratory Measurements on the Effect of De-inking
Sludge, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 64, 543–552, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2000.642543x, 2000.
New York Codes, Rules and Regulations (NY-CRR), Remedial program soil
cleanup objectives, available at:
https://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/remediation_hudson_pdf/part375.pdf (last access: 4 September 2020),
2017.
NYC Green Infrastructure Plan (NYCGIP): Preliminary Pilot Monitoring
Results, available at: https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/dep/
(last access: 4 September 2020) 2011.
O'Dell, R., Young, S., and Claassen, V.: Native roadside perennial grasses
persist a decade after planting in the Sacramento Valley, Calif. Agr., 61,
79–84, https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v061n02p79, 2000.
O'Neill, B. C., M. Done, J., Gettelman, A., Lawrence, P., Lehner, F.,
Lamarque, J.-F., Lin, L., J. Monaghan, A., Oleson, K., Ren, X., Sanderson,
B. M., Tebaldi, C., Weitzel, M., Xu, Y., Anderson, B., Fix, M. J., and Levis,
S.: The benefits of reduced Anthropogenic climate change (BRACE): a
synthesis, Clim. Change, 146, 287–301, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-2009-x, 2018.
Opdam, P., Steingröver, E., and van Rooij, S.: Ecological networks: A
spatial concept for multi-actor planning of sustainable landscapes, Landsc.
Urban Plan., 75, 322–332,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.02.015, 2006.
Paltseva, A., Cheng, Z., Deeb, M., Groffman, P. M., Shaw, R. K., and
Maddaloni, M.: Accumulation of arsenic and lead in garden-grown vegetables:
Factors and mitigation strategies, Sci. Total. Environ., 640, 273–283,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.296, 2018a.
Paltseva, A., Cheng, Z., Deeb, M., Groffman, P. M., and Maddaloni, M.:
Variability of Bioaccessible Lead in Urban Garden Soils, Soil Sci., 183
123–131, https://doi.org/10.1097/SS.0000000000000232, 2018b.
Panduro, T. E. and Veie, K. L.: Classification and valuation of urban green
spaces – A hedonic house price valuation, Landsc. Urban Plan., 120,
119–128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.08.009,
2013.
Pauleit, S., Ennos, R., and Golding, Y.: Modeling the environmental impacts
of urban land use and land cover change – a study in Merseyside, UK, Landsc.
Urban Plan., 71, 295–310,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.03.009, 2005.
Pey, B., Cortet, J., Watteau, F., Cheynier, K., and Schwartz, C.: Structure
of earthworm burrows related to organic matter of a constructed Technosol,
Geoderma, 202, 103–111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.03.010, 2013a.
Pey, B., Cortet, J., Capowiez, Y., Nahmani, J., Watteau, F., and Schwartz,
C.: Technosol composition affects Lumbricus terrestris surface cast
composition and production, Ecol. Eng., 67, 238–247,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.03.039, 2014.
Pickett, S. T. A., Cadenasso, M. L., Grove, J. M., Boone, C. G., Groffman, P. M.,
Irwin, E., Kaushal, S. S., Marshall, V., McGrath, B. P., Nilon, C. H., Pouyat,
R. V., Szlavecz, K., Troy, A., and Warren, P.: Urban ecological systems:
Scientific foundations and a decade of progress, J. Environ. Manage., 92,
331–362, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.08.022,
2011.
Pinedo, J., Ibáñez, R., Lijzen, J. P. A., Irabien, Á.: Assessment of soil pollution based on total petroleum hydrocarbons and
individual oil substances, J. Environ. Manage., 130, 72–79,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.048, 2013.
Pistocchi, A., Calzolari, C., Malucelli, F., and Ungaro, F.: Soil sealing
and flood risks in the plains of Emilia-Romagna, Italy, J. Hydrol. Reg.
Stud., 4, 398–409, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2015.06.021,
2015.
Pouyat, R. V., Szlavecz, K., Yesilonis, I. D., Groffman, P. M., and Schwarz,
K.: Chemical, physical and biological characteristics of urban soils,
chap. 7, Aitkenhead-Peterson Jacqueline Volder Astrid Eds Urban Ecosystems
Ecology, Agronomy. Monogr., 55 Madison WI: American Society of Agronomy, Crop
Science Society of America, Soil Science, 119–152, https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr55.c7, 2010.
Prokofyeva, T. V., Martynenko, I. A., Ivannikov, F. A.: Classification of
Moscow soils and parent materials and its possible inclusion in the
classification system of Russian soils, Euras. Soil Sci., 44, 561–571,
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229311050127, 2011.
Pruvost, C.: Potentiel de la Biodiversité dans la construction de
Technosols à partir de déchets urbains, Potential of Biodiversity in
the construction of Technosols from urban waste, Ph.D. thesis,
Université Paris-Est; École doctorale Sciences, Ingénierie et
Environnement Laboratoire: IEES Paris – Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences
de l'Environnement de Paris (laboratoire), 173 pp., http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1161 (last access: 4 September 2020), 2018.
Pruvost, C., Mathieu, J., Nunan, N., Gigon, A., Pando, A., Lerch, T. Z., and
Blouin, M.: Tree growth and macrofauna colonization in Technosols
constructed from recycled urban wastes, Ecol. Eng., 153, 105886, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105886, 2020.
Pugh, T. A. M., MacKenzie, A. R., Whyatt, J. D., and Hewitt, C. N.: Effectiveness
of green infrastructure for improvement of air quality in urban street
canyons, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 7692–7699,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es300826w, 2012.
Puhalla, J., Krans, J., and Goatley, M.: Sports fields: A manual for
design, construction and maintenance, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 1–443, 1999.
Qureshi, S., Hasan Kazmi, S. J., and Breuste, J. H.: Ecological disturbances
due to high cutback in the green infrastructure of Karachi: Analyses of
public perception about associated health problems, Urban For. Urban Gree.,
9, 187–198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2009.08.003, 2010.
Rafiee, R., Salman Mahiny, A., and Khorasani, N.: Assessment of changes in
urban green spaces of Mashad city using satellite data, Int. J. Appl. Earth
Obs., 11, 431–438, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2009.08.005,
2009.
Rao, P., Hutyra, L. R., Raciti, S. M., and Templer, P. H.: Atmospheric nitrogen
inputs and losses along an urbanization gradient from Boston to Harvard
Forest, MA, Biogeochemistry, 121, 229–245, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-013-9861-1, 2014.
Richardson, D. M., Holmes, P. M., Esler, K. J., Galatowitsch, S. M., Stromberg,
J. C., Kirkman, S. P., Pyšek, P., and Hobbs, R. J.: Riparian vegetation:
degradation, alien plant invasions, and restoration prospects, Divers.
Distrib., 13, 126–139,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00314.x, 2007.
Ries, L., Debinski, D. M., and Wieland, M. L.: Conservation value of roadside
prairie restoration to Butterfly Communities, Conserv. Biol., 15,
401–411, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.015002401.x,
2001.
Rodrigues, J., Gérard, A., Séré, G., Morel, J.-L., Guimont, S.,
Simonnot, M.-O., and Pons, M.-N.: Life cycle impacts of soil construction,
an innovative approach to reclaim brownfields and produce nonedible biomass,
J. Clean. Prod., 211, 36–43,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.152, 2019.
Rokia, S., Séré, G., Schwartz, C., Deeb, M., Fournier, F., Nehls,
T., Damas, O., and Vidal-Beaudet, L.: Modelling agronomic properties of
Technosols constructed with urban wastes, Waste Manage., 34, 2155–2162,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2013.12.016, 2014.
Root, R. A.: Analysis of a Study of Lead Wheel Weight Deposition and Abrasion
in New Jersey, Water Air Soil Poll., 226, 381–389, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-015-2646-5, 2015.
Rossignol, J.-P.: Caractérisation des sols reconstitués, Le sol,
support de nos plantations [Characterization of reconstituted soils, The
soil, support of our plantations], Livre blanc du colloque de l'UNEP, 2 Juin
1999, Paris, 36–39, 1999.
Ruby, M. V., Davis, A., and Nicholson, A.: In situ formation of lead
phosphates in soils as a method to immobilize lead, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
28, 646–654, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00053a018, 1994.
Sandström, U. G.: Green infrastructure planning in urban Sweden, Plan.
Pract. Res., 17, 373–385,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02697450216356, 2002.
Säumel, I., Kotsyuk, I., Hölscher, M., Lenkereit, C., Weber, F., and
Kowarik, I.: How healthy is urban horticulture in high traffic areas? Trace
metal concentrations in vegetable crops from plantings within inner city
neighbourhoods in Berlin, Germany, Environ. Pollut., 165, 124–132,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.02.019, 2012.
Scalenghe, R. and Marsan, F. A.: The anthropogenic sealing of soils in urban
areas, Landsc. Urban Plan., 90, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.011, 2009.
Selbig, W. R. and Balster, N.: Evaluation of Turf-Grass and
Prairie-Vegetated Rain Gardens in a Clay and Sand Soil, Madison, Wisconsin,
Water Years 2004-08 (U.S. Geological Survey), Scientific Investigations
Report 2010-5077, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105077, 2010.
Séré, G.: Fonctionnement et évolution pédogénétique
de Technosols issus d'un procédé de construction de sol, Functioning
and pedogenic evolution of Technosols to come from a process of soil
construction, Ph.D. thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine,
France, 227 pp., 2007.
Séré, G., Schwartz, C., Ouvrard, S., Sauvage, C., Renat, J.-C., and
Morel, J. L.: Soil construction: A step for ecological reclamation of
derelict lands, J. Soils Sediments, 8, 130–136, https://doi.org/10.1065/jss2008.03.277, 2008.
Séré, G., Schwartz, C., Ouvrard, S., Renat, J.-C., Watteau, F.,
Villemin, G., and Morel, J. L.: Early pedogenic evolution of constructed
Technosols, J. Soils Sediments, 10, 1246–1254, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-010-0206-6, 2010.
Shchepeleva, A. S., Vasenev, V. I., Mazirov, I. M., Vasenev, I. I., Prokhorov,
I. S., and Gosse, D. D.: Changes of soil organic carbon stocks and CO2 emissions
at the early stages of urban turf grasses' development, Urban Ecosyst., 20, 309–321,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-016-0594-5, 2017.
Shchepeleva, A. S., Vizirskaya, M. M., Vasenev, V. I., and Vasenev, I. I.: Analysis
of carbon stocks and fluxes of urban lawn ecosystems in Moscow megapolis,
Springer Geography, 80–88, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89602-1_11, 2019.
Shochat, E., Warren, P. S., Faeth, S. H., McIntyre, N. E., and Hope, D.: From
patterns to emerging processes in mechanistic urban ecology, Trends Ecol.
Evol., 21, 186–191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.11.019,
2006.
Sipter, E., Rózsa, E., Gruiz, K., Tátrai, E., and Morvai, V.:
Site-specific risk assessment in contaminated vegetable gardens,
Chemosphere, 71, 1301–1307,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.11.039, 2008.
Slukovskaya, M. V., Vasenev, V. I., Ivashchenko, K. V., Morev, D. V.,
Drogobuzhskaya, S. V., Ivanova, L. A., and Kremenetskaya, I. P.: Technosols on
mining wastes in the subarctic: Efficiency of remediation under Cu-Ni
atmospheric pollution, Int. Soil Water Conserv. Res., 7, 297–307,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2019.04.002, 2019.
Smagin, A. V.: Theory and practice of soil engineering, Moscow State
University Press, Moscow, 544 pp., 2012 (in Russian).
Smagin, A. V. and Sadovnikova, N. B.: Creation of soil-like constructions,
Eurasian Soil Sci., 48, 981–990,
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229315090100, 2015.
Specht, K., Siebert, R., Hartmann, I., Freisinger, U. B., Sawicka, M.,
Werner, A., Thomaier, S., Henckel, D., Walk, H., and Dierich, A.: Urban
agriculture of the future: an overview of sustainability aspects of food
production in and on buildings, Agr. Hum. Values, 31, 33–51,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-013-9448-4, 2014.
Spliethoff, H. M., Mitchell, R. G., Shayler, H., Marquez-Bravo, L. G.,
Russell-Anelli, J., Ferenz, G., and McBride, M.: Estimated lead (Pb)
exposures for a population of urban community gardeners, Environ. Geochem.
Hlth., 38, 955–971, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-016-9790-8,
2016.
Suding, K. N., Gross, K. L., and Houseman, G. R.: Alternative states and
positive feedbacks in restoration ecology, Trends Ecol. Evol., 19, 46–53,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2003.10.005, 2004.
Swedo, B. L., Glinka, C., Rollo, D. R., and Reynolds, H. L.: Soil bacterial
community structure under exotic versus native understory forbs in a
woodland remnant in Indiana, Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci., 117, 7–15, 2008.
Tan, P. Y., Wang, J., and Sia, A.: Perspectives on five decades of the urban
greening of Singapore, Cities, 32, 24–32,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.02.001, 2013.
Thomsen, P., Bühler, O., and Kristoffersen, P.: Diversity of street tree
populations in larger Danish municipalities, Urban For. Urban Gree., 15,
200–210, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.12.006, 2016.
Tzoulas, K., Korpela, K., Venn, S., Yli-Pelkonen, V., Kaźmierczak, A.,
Niemela, J., and James, P.: Promoting ecosystem and human health in urban
areas using Green Infrastructure: A literature review, Landsc. Urban Plan.,
81, 167–178,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.02.001, 2007.
US EPA: Brownfields Definition, US EPA, Brownfields Homepage, available at: https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/overview-epas-brownfields-program (last access: 4 September 2020), 1997.
Vasenev, V.: Analysis of microbial respiration and carbon pools for
functional-ecological assessment of constructed Technosols in the Moscow
region, Ph.D. thesis, Soil Science Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State
University, 2011.
Vasenev, V. I., Smagin, A. V., Ananyeva, N. D., Ivashchenko, K. V., Gavrilenko,
E. G., Prokofeva, T. V., Paltseva, A., Stoorvogel, J. J., Gosse, D. D., and
Valentini, R.: Urban soil's functions: Monitoring, assessment, and
management, Adaptive Soil Management: From Theory to Practices, Springer, Singapore, 359–409,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3638-5_18,
2017.
Vergnes, A., Le Viol, I., and Clergeau, P.: Green corridors in urban
landscapes affect the arthropod communities of domestic gardens, Biol.
Conserv., 145, 171–178,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.11.002, 2012.
Vergnes, A., Blouin, M., Muratet, A., Lerch, T. Z., Mendez-Millan, M.,
Rouelle-Castrec, M., and Dubs, F.: Initial conditions during Technosol
implementation shape earthworms and ants diversity, Landsc. Urban Plan.,
159, 32–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.10.002,
2017.
Vetterlein, D. and Hüttl, R. F.: Can applied organic matter fulfil
similar functions as soil organic matter? Risk-benefit analysis for organic
matter application as a potential strategy for rehabilitation of disturbed
ecosystems, Plant Soil, 213, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004681506901, 1999.
Vidal-Beaudet, L., Forget-Caubel, V., and Grosbellet, C.: Favour street tree
root growth with high supplies of organic matter induces changes in urban
soil properties, Acta Hortic., 1099, 943–950,
https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1099.120, 2015.
Vidal-Beaudet, L., Rokia, S., Nehls, T., and Schwartz, C.: Aggregation and
availability of phosphorus in a Technosol constructed from urban wastes, J.
Soils Sediments, 18, 456–466, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1469-3, 2016.
Vijayaraghavan, K.: Green roofs: A critical review on the role of
components, benefits, limitations and trends, Renew. Sust. Energy Rev., 57,
740–752, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.119,
2016.
Villar, M. C., González-Prieto, S. J., and Carballas, T.: Evaluation of
three organic wastes for reclaiming burnt soils: Improvement in the recovery
of vegetation cover and soil fertility in pot experiments, Biol. Fert.
Soils, 26, 122–129, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003740050354,
1997.
Walsh, D., Glass, K., Morris, S., Zhang, H., McRae, I., Anderson, N.,
Alfieri, A., Egendorf, S. P., Holberton, S., Owrang, S., and Cheng, Z.:
Sediment exchange to mitigate pollutant exposure in urban soil, J. Environ.
Manage., 214, 354–361, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.013, 2018.
Walsh, D., McRae, I., Zirngibl, R., Chawla, S., Zhang, H., Alfieri, A.,
Moore, H., Bailey, C., Brooks, A., Ostock, T., Pong, S., Hard, T., Sullivan,
C., and Wilding, J.: Generation rate and fate of surplus soil extracted in
New York City, Sci. Total Environ., 650, 3093–3100,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.284, 2019.
Wilson, D. C. and Velis, C. A.: Waste management – still a global challenge
in the 21st century: An evidence-based call for action, Waste Manage. Res.,
33, 1049–1051, https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X15616055,
2015.
Yilmaz, D., Sabre, M., Lassabatère, L., Dal, M., and Rodriguez, F.:
Storm water retention and actual evapotranspiration performances of
experimental green roofs in French oceanic climate, Eur. J. Environ. Civ.
En., 20, 344–362,
https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2015.1036128, 2016.
Yilmaz, D., Cannavo, P., Séré, G., Vidal-Beaudet, L., Legret, M.,
Damas, O., and Peyneau, P.-E.: Physical properties of structural soils
containing waste materials to achieve urban greening, J. Soils Sediments,
18, 442–455, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1524-0, 2018.
Zalasiewicz, J., Williams, M., Smith, A., Barry, T. L., Coe, A. L., Bown, P. R.,
Brenchley, P., Cantrill, D., Gale, A., Gibbard, P., Gregory, F. J.,
Hounslow, M. W., Kerr, A. C., Pearson, P., Knox, R., Powell, J. R., Waters, C.,
Marshall, J. K., Oates, M., Rawson, P., and Stone, P.: Are we now living in the
Anthropocene, GSA Today, 18, 4–8, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAT01802A.1, 2008.
Zhao, J., Chen, S., Jiang, B., Ren, Y., Wang, H., Vause, J., and Yu, H.:
Temporal trend of green space coverage in China and its relationship with
urbanization over the last two decades, Sci. Total Environ., 442, 455–465,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.014, 2013.
Zhou, X. and Wang, Y.-C.: Spatial–temporal dynamics of urban green space
in response to rapid urbanization and greening policies, Landsc. Urban
Plan., 100, 268–277,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.12.013, 2011.
Short summary
The goal of this study was to discuss current methods to create soils adapted for various green infrastructure (GI) designs. Investigating these new soils for several design categories of GI will provide technical information for management and design agencies. Moreover, these studies can serve as pioneer experiments to prevent recurring errors and, thus, provide improved plant growth practices. Results show that these constructed soils have a high potential to provide multiple soil functions.
The goal of this study was to discuss current methods to create soils adapted for various green...
