Articles | Volume 10, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-211-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-211-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Original research article
| 
12 Mar 2024
Original research article |
| 12 Mar 2024
| 12 Mar 2024
Model-based analysis of erosion-induced microplastic delivery from arable land to the stream network of a mesoscale catchment
Raphael Rehm
Institute of Geography, University of Augsburg, Alter Postweg 118, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
Peter Fiener
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Geography, University of Augsburg, Alter Postweg 118, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Karl Auerswald, Juergen Geist, John N. Quinton, and Peter Fiener
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1702, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1702, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Floods, droughts, and heatwaves are increasing globally. This is often attributed to CO2-driven climate change. However, at the global scale, CO2-driven climate change neither reduces precipitation nor adequately explains droughts. Land-use change, particularly soil sealing, compaction, and drainage, are likely more significant for water losses by runoff leading to flooding and water scarcity and are therefore an important part the solution to mitigate floods, droughts, and heatwaves.
Lena Katharina Öttl, Florian Wilken, Anna Juřicová, Pedro V. G. Batista, and Peter Fiener
SOIL, 10, 281–305, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-281-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our long-term modelling study examines the effects of multiple soil redistribution processes on carbon dynamics in a 200 km² catchment converted from natural forest to agriculture about 1000 years ago. The modelling results stress the importance of including tillage erosion processes and long-term land use and land management changes to understand current soil-redistribution-induced carbon fluxes at the landscape scale.
Thomas O. Hoffmann, Yannik Baulig, Stefan Vollmer, Jan H. Blöthe, Karl Auerswald, and Peter Fiener
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 287–303, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-287-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-287-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed more than 440 000 measurements from suspended sediment monitoring to show that suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in large rivers in Germany strongly declined by 50 % between 1990 and 2010. We argue that SSC is approaching the natural base level that was reached during the mid-Holocene. There is no simple explanation for this decline, but increased sediment retention in upstream headwaters is presumably the major reason for declining SSC in the large river channels studied.
Pedro V. G. Batista, Daniel L. Evans, Bernardo M. Cândido, and Peter Fiener
SOIL, 9, 71–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-71-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-71-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Most agricultural soils erode faster than new soil is formed, which leads to soil thinning. Here, we used a model simulation to investigate how soil erosion and soil thinning can alter topsoil properties and change its susceptibility to erosion. We found that soil profiles are sensitive to erosion-induced changes in the soil system, which mostly slow down soil thinning. These findings are likely to impact how we estimate soil lifespans and simulate long-term erosion dynamics.
Pedro V. G. Batista, Peter Fiener, Simon Scheper, and Christine Alewell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3753–3770, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3753-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3753-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Patchy agricultural landscapes have a large number of small fields, which are separated by linear features such as roads and field borders. When eroded sediments are transported out of the agricultural fields by surface runoff, these features can influence sediment connectivity. By use of measured data and a simulation model, we demonstrate how a dense road network (and its drainage system) facilitates sediment transport from fields to water courses in a patchy Swiss agricultural catchment.
Benjamin Bukombe, Peter Fiener, Alison M. Hoyt, Laurent K. Kidinda, and Sebastian Doetterl
SOIL, 7, 639–659, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-639-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-639-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Through a laboratory incubation experiment, we investigated the spatial patterns of specific maximum heterotrophic respiration in tropical African mountain forest soils developed from contrasting parent material along slope gradients. We found distinct differences in soil respiration between soil depths and geochemical regions related to soil fertility and the chemistry of the soil solution. The topographic origin of our samples was not a major determinant of the observed rates of respiration.
Sebastian Doetterl, Rodrigue K. Asifiwe, Geert Baert, Fernando Bamba, Marijn Bauters, Pascal Boeckx, Benjamin Bukombe, Georg Cadisch, Matthew Cooper, Landry N. Cizungu, Alison Hoyt, Clovis Kabaseke, Karsten Kalbitz, Laurent Kidinda, Annina Maier, Moritz Mainka, Julia Mayrock, Daniel Muhindo, Basile B. Mujinya, Serge M. Mukotanyi, Leon Nabahungu, Mario Reichenbach, Boris Rewald, Johan Six, Anna Stegmann, Laura Summerauer, Robin Unseld, Bernard Vanlauwe, Kristof Van Oost, Kris Verheyen, Cordula Vogel, Florian Wilken, and Peter Fiener
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4133–4153, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4133-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4133-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The African Tropics are hotspots of modern-day land use change and are of great relevance for the global carbon cycle. Here, we present data collected as part of the DFG-funded project TropSOC along topographic, land use, and geochemical gradients in the eastern Congo Basin and the Albertine Rift. Our database contains spatial and temporal data on soil, vegetation, environmental properties, and land management collected from 136 pristine tropical forest and cropland plots between 2017 and 2020.
Mario Reichenbach, Peter Fiener, Gina Garland, Marco Griepentrog, Johan Six, and Sebastian Doetterl
SOIL, 7, 453–475, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-453-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-453-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In deeply weathered tropical rainforest soils of Africa, we found that patterns of soil organic carbon stocks differ between soils developed from geochemically contrasting parent material due to differences in the abundance of organo-mineral complexes, the presence/absence of chemical stabilization mechanisms of carbon with minerals and the presence of fossil organic carbon from sedimentary rocks. Physical stabilization mechanisms by aggregation provide additional protection of soil carbon.
Joseph Tamale, Roman Hüppi, Marco Griepentrog, Laban Frank Turyagyenda, Matti Barthel, Sebastian Doetterl, Peter Fiener, and Oliver van Straaten
SOIL, 7, 433–451, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-433-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-433-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes were measured monthly from nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), N and P, and control plots of the first nutrient manipulation experiment located in an African pristine tropical forest using static chambers. The results suggest (1) contrasting soil GHG responses to nutrient addition, hence highlighting the complexity of the tropical forests, and (2) that the feedback of tropical forests to the global soil GHG budget could be altered by changes in N and P availability.
Florian Wilken, Peter Fiener, Michael Ketterer, Katrin Meusburger, Daniel Iragi Muhindo, Kristof van Oost, and Sebastian Doetterl
SOIL, 7, 399–414, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-399-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-399-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study demonstrates the usability of fallout radionuclides 239Pu and 240Pu as a tool to assess soil degradation processes in tropical Africa, which is particularly valuable in regions with limited infrastructure and challenging monitoring conditions for landscape-scale soil degradation monitoring. The study shows no indication of soil redistribution in forest sites but substantial soil redistribution in cropland (sedimentation >40 cm in 55 years) with high variability.
Florian Wilken, Michael Ketterer, Sylvia Koszinski, Michael Sommer, and Peter Fiener
SOIL, 6, 549–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-549-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-549-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Soil redistribution by water and tillage erosion processes on arable land is a major threat to sustainable use of soil resources. We unravel the role of tillage and water erosion from fallout radionuclide (239+240Pu) activities in a ground moraine landscape. Our results show that tillage erosion dominates soil redistribution processes and has a major impact on the hydrological and sedimentological connectivity, which started before the onset of highly mechanised farming since the 1960s.
Peter Fiener, Florian Wilken, and Karl Auerswald
Adv. Geosci., 48, 31–48, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-48-31-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-48-31-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
An 8-year dataset of erosion monitoring (e.g. agricultural management, rainfall, runoff, sediment delivery) is made available. It covers 14 adjoining and partly nested watersheds (sizes 1–14 ha) that were cultivated following integrated (4 crops) and organic farming (7 crops and grassland) practices. Drivers of erosion and runoff were determined and with high spatial and temporal detail. The data set closes the gap between plot research and watershed research.
Florian Wilken, Michael Sommer, Kristof Van Oost, Oliver Bens, and Peter Fiener
SOIL, 3, 83–94, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-83-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-83-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Model-based analyses of the effect of soil erosion on carbon (C) dynamics are associated with large uncertainties partly resulting from oversimplifications of erosion processes. This study evaluates the need for process-oriented modelling to analyse erosion-induced C fluxes in different catchments. The results underline the importance of a detailed representation of tillage and water erosion processes. For water erosion, grain-size-specific transport is essential to simulate lateral C fluxes.
Florian Wilken, Peter Fiener, and Kristof Van Oost
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 113–124, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-113-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-113-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a model that accounts for preferential erosion and transport of sediment and soil organic carbon in agricultural landscapes. We applied the model to a small catchment in Belgium for a period of 100 years. After a thorough model evaluation, these simulations shows that sediment and carbon export are highly episodic and that the temporal variability is largely influenced by selective erosion and deposition.
P. Fiener, K. Auerswald, F. Winter, and M. Disse
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4121–4132, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4121-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4121-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Soil pollution and remediation
Organic pollutant oxidation on manganese oxides in soils – the role of calcite indicated by geoelectrical and chemical analyses
The clay mineralogy rather that the clay content determines radiocaesium adsorption in soils
Cr(VI) reduction, electricity production, and microbial resistance variation in paddy soil under microbial fuel cell operation
Long-term legacy of phytoremediation on plant succession and soil microbial communities in petroleum-contaminated sub-Arctic soils
Investigating the synergistic potential of Si and biochar to immobilize Ni in a Ni-contaminated calcareous soil after Zea mays L. cultivation
Estimations of soil metal accumulation or leaching potentials under climate change scenarios: the example of copper on a European scale
Soil contamination in arid environments and assessment of remediation applying surface evaporation capacitor model; a case study from the Judean Desert, Israel
Increase in bacterial community induced tolerance to Cr in response to soil properties and Cr level in the soil
Organic and inorganic nitrogen amendments reduce biodegradation of biodegradable plastic mulch films
Research and management challenges following soil and landscape decontamination at the onset of the reopening of the Difficult-to-Return Zone, Fukushima (Japan)
Impact of agricultural management on soil aggregates and associated organic carbon fractions: analysis of long-term experiments in Europe
Miniaturised visible and near-infrared spectrometers for assessing soil health indicators in mine site rehabilitation
The application of biochar and oyster shell reduced cadmium uptake by crops and modified soil fertility and enzyme activities in contaminated soil
Reusing Fe water treatment residual as a soil amendment to improve physical function and flood resilience
Are agricultural plastic covers a source of plastic debris in soil? A first screening study
Mapping soil slaking index and assessing the impact of management in a mixed agricultural landscape
Assessing soil salinity dynamics using time-lapse electromagnetic conductivity imaging
Effectiveness of landscape decontamination following the Fukushima nuclear accident: a review
Evaluating the carbon sequestration potential of volcanic soils in southern Iceland after birch afforestation
Citrate and malonate increase microbial activity and alter microbial community composition in uncontaminated and diesel-contaminated soil microcosms
Development of a statistical tool for the estimation of riverbank erosion probability
Sediment loss and its cause in Puerto Rico watersheds
Carbon nanomaterials in clean and contaminated soils: environmental implications and applications
Sonya S. Altzitser, Yael G. Mishael, and Nimrod Schwartz
SOIL, 11, 95–104, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-11-95-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-11-95-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study uses a noninvasive geoelectrical method to monitor hydroquinone oxidation in MnO2-rich soil. We combined it with chemical analyses to observe real-time changes in soil pH, calcium, and manganese levels. Our findings reveal that MnO2 oxidation of hydroquinone triggers reactions such as calcite dissolution and amorphous manganese oxide formation. This research advances the understanding of soil–pollutant interactions and highlights the method's potential in tracking soil remediation.
Margot Vanheukelom, Nina Haenen, Talal Almahayni, Lieve Sweeck, Nancy Weyns, May Van Hees, and Erik Smolders
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3585, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3585, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Radiocaesium (137Cs) in soil poses long-term risks of entering the food chain after nuclear accidents. This study examined its binding in soils with contrasting properties, questioning the concept that clay content controls the fate of 137Cs. Instead, soil mineralogy, such as illite content, plays a larger role. Soil structure also affects its availability, as isolated soil fractions do not fully reflect intact soils. These findings improve predictions of 137Cs bioavailability in diverse soils.
Huan Niu, Xia Luo, Peihan Li, Hang Qiu, Liyue Jiang, Subati Maimaitiaili, Minghui Wu, Fei Xu, Heng Xu, and Can Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2771, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2771, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Soil microbial fuel cell (SMFC) to eliminate Cr(VI) from paddy soil and metal tolerance analysis; 76 % of Cr(VI) elimination, 0.97 V power output, and heavy metal resistance genes elevation; Enrichment of exoelectrogens, Cr(VI) reducers, and tolerators contributed to SMFC performance; Bio-physical adsorption and electrochemical-microbial reduction simultaneously reduced Cr(VI).
Mary-Cathrine Leewis, Christopher Kasanke, Ondrej Uhlik, and Mary Beth Leigh
SOIL, 10, 551–566, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-551-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-551-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In 1995, an initial study determined that using plants and fertilizers increased degradation of petroleum in soil; the site was then abandoned. In 2010, we returned to find that initial choices of plant and fertilizer use continued to cause changes in the plant and soil microbiomes. We also found evidence for the restoration of native vegetation with certain treatments, which indicates that this could be an important tool for communities that experience soil contamination.
Hamid Reza Boostani, Ailsa G. Hardie, Mahdi Najafi-Ghiri, Ehsan Bijanzadeh, Dariush Khalili, and Esmaeil Farrokhnejad
SOIL, 10, 487–503, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-487-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-487-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, the combined SM500 + S2 treatment was the most effective with respect to reducing the Ni water-soluble and exchangeable fraction. Application of Si and biochars decreased the soil Ni diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and corn Ni shoot content. The study shows the synergistic potential of Si and sheep manure biochars for immobilizing soil Ni.
Laura Sereni, Julie-Maï Paris, Isabelle Lamy, and Bertrand Guenet
SOIL, 10, 367–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-367-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate the tendencies of copper (Cu) export in freshwater or accumulation in soils in Europe for the 21st century and highlight areas of importance for environmental monitoring. We develop a method combining computations of Cu partitioning coefficients between solid and solution phases with runoff data. The surfaces with potential for export or accumulation are roughly constant over the century, but the accumulation potential of Cu increases while leaching potential decreases for 2000–2095.
Rotem Golan, Ittai Gavrieli, Roee Katzir, Galit Sharabi, and Uri Nachshon
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1014, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1014, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates contaminant transport and accumulation in sandy arid soils, focusing on a severe pollution event in 2017 in the Ashalim basin, Israel. It employs long-term field monitoring, lab experiments, and numerical models to understand pollutants transport dynamics. Findings reveal contaminants persist near the surface and circulate vertically. The 'surface evaporation capacitor' concept proves useful in predicting contaminant fate along the soil profile.
Claudia Campillo-Cora, Daniel Arenas-Lago, Manuel Arias-Estévez, and David Fernández-Calviño
SOIL, 9, 561–571, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-561-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-561-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cr pollution is a global concern. The use of methodologies specifically related to Cr toxicity is appropriate, such as the pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) methodology. The development of PICT was determined in 10 soils after Cr addition in the laboratory. The Cr-soluble fraction and dissolved organic carbon were the main variables determining the development of PICT (R2 = 95.6 %).
Sreejata Bandopadhyay, Marie English, Marife B. Anunciado, Mallari Starrett, Jialin Hu, José E. Liquet y González, Douglas G. Hayes, Sean M. Schaeffer, and Jennifer M. DeBruyn
SOIL, 9, 499–516, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-499-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-499-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We added organic and inorganic nitrogen amendments to two soil types in a laboratory incubation study in order to understand how that would impact biodegradable plastic mulch (BDM) decomposition. We found that nitrogen amendments, particularly urea and inorganic nitrogen, suppressed BDM degradation in both soil types. However, we found limited impact of BDM addition on soil nitrification, suggesting that overall microbial processes were not compromised due to the addition of BDMs.
Olivier Evrard, Thomas Chalaux-Clergue, Pierre-Alexis Chaboche, Yoshifumi Wakiyama, and Yves Thiry
SOIL, 9, 479–497, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-479-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-479-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Twelve years after the nuclear accident that occurred in Fukushima in March 2011, radioactive contamination remains a major concern in north-eastern Japan. The Japanese authorities completed an unprecedented decontamination programme. The central objective was to not expose local inhabitants to excessive radioactive doses. At the onset of the full reopening of the Difficult-to-Return Zone in 2023, the current review provides an update of a previous synthesis published in 2019.
Ioanna S. Panagea, Antonios Apostolakis, Antonio Berti, Jenny Bussell, Pavel Čermak, Jan Diels, Annemie Elsen, Helena Kusá, Ilaria Piccoli, Jean Poesen, Chris Stoate, Mia Tits, Zoltan Toth, and Guido Wyseure
SOIL, 8, 621–644, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-621-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-621-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The potential to reverse the negative effects caused in topsoil by inversion tillage, using alternative agricultural practices, was evaluated. Reduced and no tillage, and additions of manure/compost, improved topsoil structure and OC content. Residue retention had a positive impact on structure. We concluded that the negative effects of inversion tillage can be mitigated by reducing tillage intensity or adding organic materials, optimally combined with non-inversion tillage.
Zefang Shen, Haylee D'Agui, Lewis Walden, Mingxi Zhang, Tsoek Man Yiu, Kingsley Dixon, Paul Nevill, Adam Cross, Mohana Matangulu, Yang Hu, and Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel
SOIL, 8, 467–486, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-467-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-467-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We compared miniaturised visible and near-infrared spectrometers to a portable visible–near-infrared instrument, which is more expensive. Statistical and machine learning algorithms were used to model 29 key soil health indicators. Accuracy of the miniaturised spectrometers was comparable to the portable system. Soil spectroscopy with these tiny sensors is cost-effective and could diagnose soil health, help monitor soil rehabilitation, and deliver positive environmental and economic outcomes.
Bin Wu, Jia Li, Mingping Sheng, He Peng, Dinghua Peng, and Heng Xu
SOIL, 8, 409–419, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-409-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-409-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil has severely threatened human health. In this study, we investigated the possibility of applying oyster shell and biochar to reduce Cd uptake by crops and improve soil fertility and enzyme activities in field experiments under rice–oilseed rape rotation, which provided an economical and effective pathway to achieving an in situ remediation of the Cd-contaminated farmland.
Heather C. Kerr, Karen L. Johnson, and David G. Toll
SOIL, 8, 283–295, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-283-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-283-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Adding an organo-mineral waste product from clean water treatment (WTR) is beneficial for a soil’s water retention, permeability, and strength properties. WTR added on its own significantly improves the shear strength and saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil. The co-application of WTR with compost provides the same benefits whilst also improving soil’s water retention properties, which is beneficial for environmental applications where the soil health is critical.
Zacharias Steinmetz, Paul Löffler, Silvia Eichhöfer, Jan David, Katherine Muñoz, and Gabriele E. Schaumann
SOIL, 8, 31–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-31-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-31-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To scrutinize the contribution of agricultural plastic covers to plastic pollution, we quantified soil-associated plastic debris (≤ 2 mm) in and around agricultural fields covered with different plastics. PP fleeces and 50 µm thick PE films did not emit significant amounts of plastic debris into soil during their 4-month use. However, thinner and perforated PE foils (40 µm) were associated with elevated PE contents of up to 35 mg kg−1. Their long-term use may thus favor plastic accumulation.
Edward J. Jones, Patrick Filippi, Rémi Wittig, Mario Fajardo, Vanessa Pino, and Alex B. McBratney
SOIL, 7, 33–46, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-33-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-33-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil physical health is integral to maintaining functional agro-ecosystems. A novel method of assessing soil physical condition using a smartphone app has been developed – SLAKES. In this study the SLAKES app was used to investigate aggregate stability in a mixed agricultural landscape. Cropping areas were found to have significantly poorer physical health than similar soils under pasture. Results were mapped across the landscape to identify problem areas and pinpoint remediation efforts.
Maria Catarina Paz, Mohammad Farzamian, Ana Marta Paz, Nádia Luísa Castanheira, Maria Conceição Gonçalves, and Fernando Monteiro Santos
SOIL, 6, 499–511, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-499-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-499-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study electromagnetic induction (EMI) surveys and soil sampling were repeated over time to monitor soil salinity dynamics in an important agricultural area that faces risk of soil salinization. EMI data were converted to electromagnetic conductivity imaging through a mathematical inversion algorithm and converted to 2-D soil salinity maps until a depth of 1.35 m through a regional calibration. This is a non-invasive and cost-effective methodology that can be employed over large areas.
Olivier Evrard, J. Patrick Laceby, and Atsushi Nakao
SOIL, 5, 333–350, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-333-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-333-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 resulted in the contamination of Japanese landscapes with radioactive fallout. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the decontamination strategies and their potential effectiveness in Japan. Overall, we believe it is important to synthesise the remediation lessons learnt following the FDNPP nuclear accident, which could be fundamental if radioactive fallout occurred somewhere on Earth in the future.
Matthias Hunziker, Olafur Arnalds, and Nikolaus J. Kuhn
SOIL, 5, 223–238, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-223-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-223-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Afforestation on severely degraded volcanic soils/landscapes is an important process concerning ecological restoration in Iceland. These landscapes have a high potential to act as carbon sinks. We tested the soil (0–30 cm) of different stages of afforested (mountain birch) landscapes and analysed the quantity and quality of the soil organic carbon. There is an increase in the total SOC stock during the encroachment. The increase is mostly because of POM SOC. Such soils demand SOC quality tests.
Belinda C. Martin, Suman J. George, Charles A. Price, Esmaeil Shahsavari, Andrew S. Ball, Mark Tibbett, and Megan H. Ryan
SOIL, 2, 487–498, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-487-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-487-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this paper was to determine the impact of citrate and malonate on microbial activity and community structure in uncontaminated and diesel-contaminated soil. The results suggest that these carboxylates can stimulate microbial activity and alter microbial community structure but appear to have a minimal effect on enhancing degradation of diesel. However, our results suggest that carboxylates may have an important role in shaping microbial communities even in contaminated soils.
E. A. Varouchakis, G. V. Giannakis, M. A. Lilli, E. Ioannidou, N. P. Nikolaidis, and G. P. Karatzas
SOIL, 2, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-1-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-1-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A statistical methodology is proposed to predict the probability of presence or absence of erosion in a river section considering locally spatial correlated independent variables.
The proposed tool is easy to use and accurate and can be applied to any region and river. It requires information from easy-to-determine geomorphological and/or hydrological variables to provide the vulnerable locations. This tool could be used to assist in managing erosion and flooding events.
Y. Yuan, Y. Jiang, E. V. Taguas, E. G. Mbonimpa, and W. Hu
SOIL, 1, 595–602, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-595-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-595-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A major environmental concern in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is increased sediment load to water reservoirs, to estuaries, and finally to coral reef areas. Our research found that sediment loss was mainly caused by interactions of development, heavy rainfall events, and steep mountainous slopes. These results improve our understanding of sediment loss resulting from changes in land use/cover, and will allow stakeholders to make more informed decisions about future land use planning.
M. J. Riding, F. L. Martin, K. C. Jones, and K. T. Semple
SOIL, 1, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-1-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-1-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The behaviour of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) in soils is highly complex and dynamic. As a result, assessments of the possible risks CNMs pose within soil should be conducted on a case-by-case basis. Further work to assess the long-term stability and toxicity of CNM-sorbed contaminants, as well as the toxicity of CNMs themselves, is required to determine if their sorptive abilities can be applied to remedy environmental issues such as land contamination.
Cited articles
Accinelli, C., Abbas, H. K., Bruno, V., Vicari, A., Little, N. S., Ebelhar, M. W., and Shier, W. T.: Minimizing abrasion losses from film-coated corn seeds, J. Crop Improv., 35, 666–678, https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2020.1861156, 2021.
Aves, A. R., Revell, L. E., Gaw, S., Ruffell, H., Schuddeboom, A., Wotherspoon, N. E., LaRue, M., and McDonald, A. J.: First evidence of microplastics in Antarctic snow, The Cryosphere, 16, 2127–2145, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2127-2022, 2022.
Baensch-Baltruschat, B., Kocher, B., Kochleus, C., Stock, F., and Reifferscheid, G.: Tyre and road wear particles-A calculation of generation, transport and release to water and soil with special regard to German roads, Sci. Total. Environ., 752, 141939, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141939, 2020.
BAYSIS: Straßenverkehrszählungen (SVZ), [data set], https://www.baysis.bayern.de (last access: 9 December 2023), 2015.
Bertling, J., Zimmermann, T., and Rödig, L.: Kunststoffe in der Umwelt: Emissionen in landwirtschaftlich genutzte Böden, Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Oberhausen, 220, https://doi.org/10.24406/umsicht-n-633611, 2021.
Blasing, M. and Amelung, W.: Plastics in soil: Analytical methods and possible sources, Sci. Total. Environ., 612, 422–435, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.086, 2018.
Borrelle, S. B., Ringma, J., Law, K. L., Monnahan, C. C., Lebreton, L., McGivern, A., Murphy, E., Jambeck, J., Leonard, G. H., Hilleary, M. A., Eriksen, M., Possingham, H. P., De Frond, H., Gerber, L. R., Polidoro, B., Tahir, A., Bernard, M., Mallos, N., Barnes, M., and Rochman, C. M.: Predicted growth in plastic waste exceeds efforts to mitigate plastic pollution, Science, 369, 1515–1518, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba3656, 2020.
Borthakur, A., Leonard, J., Koutnik, V. S., Ravi, S., and Mohanty, S. K.: Inhalation risks of wind-blown dust from biosolid-applied agricultural lands: Are they enriched with microplastics and PFAS?, Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Health., 25, 100309, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2021.100309, 2022.
Brahney, J., Hallerud, M., Heim, E., Hahnenberger, M., and Sukumaran, S.: Plastic rain in protected areas of the United States, Science, 368, 1257–1260, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz5819, 2020.
Brandes, E.: Die Rolle der Landwirtschaft bei der (Mikro-) Plastik-Belastung in Böden und Oberflächengewässern, Mitt Umwetlchen Ökotox, 4, 111–114, 2020.
Brandes, E., Henseler, M., and Kreins, P.: Identifying hot-spots for microplastic contamination in agricultural soils – a spatial modelling approach for Germany, Environ. Res. Lett., 16, 104041, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac21e6, 2021.
Brandhuber, R., Auerswald, K., Lang, R., Müller, A., and Treisch, M.: ABAG interaktiv, Version 2.0. Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Freising, https://abag.lfl.bayern.de/ (last access: 21 January 2024), 2018.
Braun, M., Mail, M., Heyse, R., and Amelung, W.: Plastic in compost: Prevalence and potential input into agricultural and horticultural soils, Sci. Total Environ., 760, 143335, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143335, 2021.
Bullard, J. E., Ockelford, A., O'Brien, P., and Neuman, C. M.: Preferential transport of microplastics by wind, Atmos. Environ., 245, 118038, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118038, 2021.
Cai, Y., Wu, J., Lu, J., Wang, J., and Zhang, C.: Fate of microplastics in a coastal wastewater treatment plant: Microfibers could partially break through the integrated membrane system, Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 16, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1517-0, 2022.
Chia, R. W., Lee, J.-Y., Kim, H., and Jang, J.: Microplastic pollution in soil and groundwater: a review, Environ. Chem. Lett., 19, 4211–4224, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01297-6, 2021.
Colin, G., Cooney, J., Carlsson, D., and Wiles, D.: Deterioration of plastic films under soil burial conditions, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 26, 509–519, https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260211, 1981.
Corcoran, P. L.: Degradation of microplastics in the environment, in: Handbook of Microplastics in the Environment, edited by: Mouneyrac, C., Springer, Cham, 531–542, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39041-9_10, 2022.
Daneshgar, S., Callegari, A., Capodaglio, A. G., and Vaccari, D.: The potential phosphorus crisis: resource conservation and possible escape technologies: a review, Resources, 7, 37, https://doi.org/10.3390/resources7020037, 2018.
Desmet, P. and Govers, G.: A GIS procedure for automatically calculating the USLE LS factor on topographically complex landscape units, J. Soil. Water. Conserv., 51, 427–433, https://www.jswconline.org/content/51/5/427 (last access: 29 February 2024), 1996.
Dlugoß, V., Fiener, P., Van Oost, K., and Schneider, K.: Model based analysis of lateral and vertical soil carbon fluxes induced by soil redistribution processes in a small agricultural catchment, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 37, 193–208, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2246, 2012.
DWD: Klimadaten direkt zum Download, 3. Rasterfelder für Deutschland, https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/cdc/cdc_ueberblick-klimadaten.html (last access: 9 December 2023), 2020.
Edo, C., González-Pleiter, M., Leganés, F., Fernández-Piñas, F., and Rosal, R.: Fate of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants and their environmental dispersion with effluent and sludge, Environ. Pollut., 259, 113837, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113837, 2020.
Eibes, P. M. and Gabel, F.: Floating microplastic debris in a rural river in Germany: Distribution, types and potential sources and sinks, Sci. Total Environ., 816, 151641, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151641, 2022.
Feuilloley, P., César, G., Benguigui, L., Grohens, Y., Pillin, I., Bewa, H., Lefaux, S., and Jamal, M.: Degradation of polyethylene designed for agricultural purposes, J. Polym. Environ., 13, 349–355, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-005-5529-9, 2005.
Fiener, P., Dlugoß, V., and Van Oost, K.: Erosion-induced carbon redistribution, burial and mineralisation – Is the episodic nature of erosion processes important?, Catena, 133, 282–292, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.05.027, 2015.
Fiener, P., Govers, G., and Van Oost, K.: Evaluation of a dynamic multi-class sediment transport model in a catchment under soil-conservation agriculture, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 33, 1639–1660, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1634, 2008.
Fiener, P., Dostál, T., Krása, J., Schmaltz, E., Strauss, P., and Wilken, F.: Operational USLE-Based Modelling of Soil Erosion in Czech Republic, Austria, and Bavaria – Differences in Model Adaptation, Parametrization, and Data Availability, Appl. Sci., 10, 3647, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103647, 2020.
Fiener, P., Wilken, F., Aldana-Jague, E., Deumlich, D., Gómez, J., Guzmán, G., Hardy, R., Quinton, J., Sommer, M., and Van Oost, K.: Uncertainties in assessing tillage erosion–how appropriate are our measuring techniques?, Geomorphology, 304, 214–225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.12.031, 2018.
Frias, J. and Nash, R.: Microplastics: Finding a consensus on the definition, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 138, 145–147, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.022, 2019.
Gehrke, I., Dresen, B., Blömer, J., Sommer, H., Lindow, F., and Röckle, R.: TyreWearMapping, Digitales Planungs-und Entscheidungsinstrument zur Verteilung, Ausbreitung und Quantifizierung von Reifenabrieb in Deutschland, Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Oberhausen, https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-fhg-301286, 2021.
Govers, G., Vandaele, K., Desmet, P., Poesen, J., and Bunte, K.: The role of tillage in soil redistribution on hillslopes, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 45, 469–478, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1994.tb00532.x, 1994.
Guo, J. J., Huang, X. P., Xiang, L., Wang, Y. Z., Li, Y. W., Li, H., Cai, Q. Y., Mo, C. H., and Wong, M. H.: Source, migration and toxicology of microplastics in soil, Environ. Int., 137, 105263, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105263, 2020.
Habib, R. Z., Thiemann, T., and Al Kendi, R.: Microplastics and wastewater treatment plants – a review, J. Water Res. Prot., 12, 1–35, https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2020.121001, 2020.
Heinze, W. M., Mitrano, D. M., and Cornelis, G.: Bioturbation-driven transport of microplastic fibres in soil, EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022, EGU22-7987, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-7987, 2022.
Hillenbrand, T., Toussaint, D., Boehm, E., Fuchs, S., Scherer, U., Rudolphi, A., and Hoffmann, M.: Discharges of copper, zinc and lead to water and soil, Analysis of the emission pathways and possible emission reduction measures; Eintraege von Kuper, Zink und Blei in Gewaesser und Boeden, Analyse der Emissionspfade und moeglicher Emissionsminderungsmassnahmen, Technical Report, Umweltbundesamt, Dessau, Germany, 329 pp., 2005.
Horton, A. A.: Plastic pollution: When do we know enough?, J. Hazard. Mater., 422, 126885, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126885, 2022.
Huerta Lwanga, E., Thapa, B., Yang, X., Gertsen, H., Salanki, T., Geissen, V., and Garbeva, P.: Decay of low-density polyethylene by bacteria extracted from earthworm's guts: A potential for soil restoration, Sci. Total Environ., 624, 753–757, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.144, 2018.
Hurley, R. R. and Nizzetto, L.: Fate and occurrence of micro(nano)plastics in soils: Knowledge gaps and possible risks, Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Health., 1, 6–11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2017.10.006, 2018.
Keller, B., Centeri, C., Szabó, J. A., Szalai, Z., and Jakab, G.: Comparison of the applicability of different soil erosion models to predict soil erodibility factor and event soil losses on loess slopes in Hungary, Water, 13, 3517, https://doi.org/10.3390/w13243517, 2021.
Kim, Y.-N., Yoon, J.-H., and Kim, K.-H. J.: Microplastic contamination in soil environment – a review, Soil Sci. Ann., 71, 300–308, https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/131646, 2021.
Klein, M. and Fischer, E. K.: Microplastic abundance in atmospheric deposition within the Metropolitan area of Hamburg, Germany, Sci. Total Environ., 685, 96–103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.405, 2019.
Knight, L. J., Parker-Jurd, F. N. F., Al-Sid-Cheikh, M., and Thompson, R. C.: Tyre wear particles: an abundant yet widely unreported microplastic?, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 27, 18345–18354, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08187-4, 2020.
Kocher, B., Brose, S., Feix, J., Görg, C., Peters, A., and Schenker, K.: Stoffeinträge in den Straßenseitenraum-Reifenabrieb, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, 33 pp., 2010.
Krasa, J., Dostal, T., Van Rompaey, A., Vaska, J., and Vrana, K.: Reservoirs' siltation measurments and sediment transport assessment in the Czech Republic, the Vrchlice catchment study, Catena, 64, 348–362, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2005.08.015, 2005.
LfL: Erosionsatlas Bayern, https://www.lfl.bayern.de/iab/boden/029288/index.php (last access: 9 December 2023), 2023.
LfStaD: Statistisches Jahrbuch für Bayern, https://www.statistik.bayern.de/produkte/jahrbuch/index.html (last access: 9 December 2023), 2022.
LfU: Abfallbilanz Hausmüll in Bayern, https://www.lfu.bayern.de/abfall/abfallbilanz/index.htm (last access: 9 December 2023), 2023.
Li, H., Lu, X., Wang, S., Zheng, B., and Xu, Y.: Vertical migration of microplastics along soil profile under different crop root systems, Environ. Pollut., 278, 116833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116833, 2021.
Li, S., Ding, F., Flury, M., Wang, Z., Xu, L., Li, S., Jones, D. L., and Wang, J.: Macro- and microplastic accumulation in soil after 32 years of plastic film mulching, Environ. Pollut., 300, 118945, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118945, 2022.
Lian, J., Liu, W., Meng, L., Wu, J., Zeb, A., Cheng, L., Lian, Y., and Sun, H.: Effects of microplastics derived from polymer-coated fertilizer on maize growth, rhizosphere, and soil properties, J. Clean. Prod., 318, 128571, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128571, 2021.
Liu, E. K., He, W. Q., and Yan, C. R.: “White revolution” to “white pollution” – agricultural plastic film mulch in China, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 091001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/9/091001, 2014.
Lwanga, E. H., Beriot, N., Corradini, F., Silva, V., Yang, X., Baartman, J., Rezaei, M., van Schaik, L., Riksen, M., and Geissen, V.: Review of microplastic sources, transport pathways and correlations with other soil stressors: a journey from agricultural sites into the environment, Chem. Biol. Technol., 9, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-021-00278-9, 2022.
Meinen, B. U. and Robinson, D. T.: Agricultural erosion modelling: Evaluating USLE and WEPP field-scale erosion estimates using UAV time-series data, Environ. Model. Softw., 137, 104962, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.104962, 2021.
Mennekes, D. and Nowack, B.: Tire wear particle emissions: Measurement data where are you?, Sci. Total Environ., 830, 154655, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154655, 2022.
Mintenig, S., Int-Veen, I., Löder, M., and Gerdts, G.: Mikroplastik in ausgewählten Kläranlagen des Oldenburgisch-Ostfriesischen Wasserverbandes (OOWV) in Niedersachsen, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helgoland, Germany, 41 pp., 2014.
Motto, H. L., Daines, R. H., Chilko, D. M., and Motto, C. K.: Lead in soils and plants: its relation to traffic volume and proximity to highways, Environ. Sci. Tech., 4, 231-237, https://doi.org/10.1021/es60038a009, 1970.
Müller, A., Kocher, B., Altmann, K., and Braun, U.: Determination of tire wear markers in soil samples and their distribution in a roadside soil, Chemosphere, 294, 133653, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133653, 2022.
Murphy, F., Ewins, C., Carbonnier, F., and Quinn, B.: Wastewater Treatment Works (WwTW) as a Source of Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 5800–5808, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05416, 2016.
Nadeu, E., Gobin, A., Fiener, P., Van Wesemael, B., and Van Oost, K.: Modelling the impact of agricultural management on soil carbon stocks at the regional scale: the role of lateral fluxes, Glob. Chang. Biol., 21, 3181–3192, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12889, 2015.
Nasseri, S. and Azizi, N.: Occurrence and Fate of Microplastics in Freshwater Resources, in: Microplastic Pollution, Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies, edited by: Hashmi, M. Z., Springer, Cham, Germany, 187–200, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89220-3_, 2022.
Ng, E. L., Huerta Lwanga, E., Eldridge, S. M., Johnston, P., Hu, H. W., Geissen, V., and Chen, D.: An overview of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in agroecosystems, Sci. Total Environ., 627, 1377–1388, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.341, 2018.
Ng, E.-L., Lwanga, E. H., Eldridge, S. M., Johnston, P., Hu, H.-W., Geissen, V., and Chen, D.: An overview of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in agroecosystems, Sci. Total Environ., 627, 1377–1388, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.341, 2020.
Nunes, J. P., Wainwright, J., Bielders, C. L., Darboux, F., Fiener, P., Finger, D., and Turnbull, L.: Better models are more effectively connected models, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 43, 1355–1360, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4323, 2018.
Pérez-Reverón, R., González-Sálamo, J., Hernández-Sánchez, C., González-Pleiter, M., Hernández-Borges, J., and Díaz-Peña, F. J.: Recycled wastewater as a potential source of microplastics in irrigated soils from an arid-insular territory (Fuerteventura, Spain), Sci. Total Environ., 817, 152830, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152830, 2022.
Rehm, R., Zeyer, T., Schmidt, A., and Fiener, P.: Soil erosion as transport pathway of microplastic from agriculture soils to aquatic ecosystems, Sci. Total Environ., 795, 148774, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148774, 2021.
Rillig, M. C., Ziersch, L., and Hempel, S.: Microplastic transport in soil by earthworms, Sci. Rep., 7, 1362, 10.1038/s41598-017-01594-7, 2017.
Sajjad, M., Huang, Q., Khan, S., Khan, M. A., Yin, L., Wang, J., Lian, F., Wang, Q., and Guo, G.: Microplastics in the soil environment: A critical review, Environ. Technol., 27, 102408, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2022.102408, 2022.
Schell, T., Hurley, R., Buenaventura, N. T., Mauri, P. V., Nizzetto, L., Rico, A., and Vighi, M.: Fate of microplastics in agricultural soils amended with sewage sludge: Is surface water runoff a relevant environmental pathway?, Environ. Pollut., 293, 118520, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118520, 2022.
Scheurer, M. and Bigalke, M.: Microplastics in Swiss Floodplain Soils, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 3591–3598, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06003, 2018.
Schleypen, P.: Abwasserbehandlung (nach 1945), Historisches Lexikon Bayerns, https://www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de/Lexikon/Abwasserbehandlung_(nach_1945) (last access: 21 January 2024), 2017.
Schmidt, J., v. Werner, M., and Michael, A.: Application of the EROSION 3D model to the CATSOP watershed, The Nederlands, Catena, 37, 449–456, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(99)00032-6, 1999.
Schwertmann, U., Vogl, W., and Kainz, M.: Bodenerosion durch Wasser, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 64 pp., ISBN 978-3-8001-3088-7, 1987.
Singh, S. and Bhagwat, A.: Microplastics: A potential threat to groundwater resources, Groundw. Sustain. Dev., 19, 100852, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2022.100852, 2022.
Sommer, F., Dietze, V., Baum, A., Sauer, J., Gilge, S., Maschowski, C., and Gieré, R.: Tire abrasion as a major source of microplastics in the environment, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 18, 2014–2028, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2018.03.0099, 2018.
StMB: Verkehrsentwicklung, https://www.stmb.bayern.de/vum/handlungsfelder/verkehrsinfrastruktur/verkehrsentwicklung/index.php (last access: 9 December 2023), 2023.
Tang, K. H. D. and Hadibarata, T.: Microplastics removal through water treatment plants: Its feasibility, efficiency, future prospects and enhancement by proper waste management, Environ. Chall., 5, 100264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100264, 2021.
Tian, L., Jinjin, C., Ji, R., Ma, Y., and Yu, X.: Microplastics in agricultural soils: sources, effects, and their fate, Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Health., 25, 100311, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2021.100311, 2022.
Unice, K. M., Weeber, M. P., Abramson, M. M., Reid, R. C. D., van Gils, J. A. G., Markus, A. A., Vethaak, A. D., and Panko, J. M.: Characterizing export of land-based microplastics to the estuary – Part I: Application of integrated geospatial microplastic transport models to assess tire and road wear particles in the Seine watershed, Sci. Total Environ., 646, 1639–1649, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.368, 2019.
Vaccari, D. A.: Phosphorus: a looming crisis, Sci. Am., 300, 54–59, https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0609-54, 2009.
Van Oost, K., Govers, G., and Desmet, P.: Evaluating the effects of changes in landscape structure on soil erosion by water and tillage, Landsc. Ecol., 15, 577-589, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008198215674, 2000.
Van Oost, K., Govers, G., and Van Muysen, W.: A process-based conversion model for caesium-137 derived erosion rates on agricultural land: An integrated spatial approach, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 28, 187–207, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.446, 2003.
Van Oost, K., Govers, G., De Alba, S., and Quine, T.: Tillage erosion: a review of controlling factors and implications for soil quality, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 30, 443–466, https://doi.org/10.1191/0309133306pp487ra, 2006.
Van Oost, K., Quine, T., Govers, G., and Heckrath, G.: Modeling soil erosion induced carbon fluxes between soil and atmosphere on agricultural land using SPEROS-C, in: Advances in soil science. Soil erosion and carbon dynamics, edited by: Roose, E. J., Lal, R., Feller, C., Barthes, B., and Stewart, B. A., CRC Press, Boca Raton, 37–51, 2005a.
Van Oost, K., Govers, G., Quine, T. A., Heckrath, G., Olesen, J. E., De Gryze, S., and Merckx, R.: Landscape-scale modeling of carbon cycling under the impact of soil redistribution: The role of tillage erosion, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 19, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002471, 2005b.
Van Rompaey, A. J., Verstraeten, G., Van Oost, K., Govers, G., and Poesen, J.: Modelling mean annual sediment yield using a distributed approach, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 26, 1221–1236, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.275, 2001.
Verstraeten, G. and Prosser, I. P.: Modelling the impact of land-use change and farm dam construction on hillslope sediment delivery to rivers at the regional scale, Geomorphology, 98, 199–212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.12.026, 2008.
Viaroli, S., Lancia, M., and Re, V.: Microplastics contamination of groundwater: Current evidence and future perspectives, A review, Sci. Total Environ., 824, 153851, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153851, 2022.
Wagner, S., Huffer, T., Klockner, P., Wehrhahn, M., Hofmann, T., and Reemtsma, T.: Tire wear particles in the aquatic environment – A review on generation, analysis, occurrence, fate and effects, Water. Res., 139, 83–100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.051, 2018.
Waldschläger, K. and Schüttrumpf, H.: Infiltration Behavior of Microplastic Particles with Different Densities, Sizes, and Shapes – From Glass Spheres to Natural Sediments, Environ. Sci. Tech., 54, 9366-9373, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c01722, 2020.
Weber, C. J., Santowski, A., and Chifflard, P.: Investigating the dispersal of macro- and microplastics on agricultural fields 30 years after sewage sludge application, Sci. Rep., 12, 6401, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10294-w, 2022.
Weithmann, N., Möller, J. N., Löder, M. G., Piehl, S., Laforsch, C., and Freitag, R.: Organic fertilizer as a vehicle for the entry of microplastic into the environment, Sci. Adv., 4, eaap8060, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aap8060, 2018.
Werkenthin, M., Kluge, B., and Wessolek, G.: Metals in European roadside soils and soil solution – A review, Environ. Pollut., 189, 98–110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.02.025, 2014.
Wheeler, G. and Rolfe, G.: The relationship between daily traffic volume and the distribution of lead in roadside soil and vegetation, Environ. Pollut., 18, 265–274, https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-9327(79)90022-3, 1979.
Wik, A. and Dave, G.: Occurrence and effects of tire wear particles in the environment – A critical review and an initial risk assessment, Environ. Pollut., 157, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.09.028, 2009.
Witzig, C., Wörle, K., Földi, C., Rehm, R., Reuwer, A.-K., Ellerbrake, K., Cieplik, S., Rehorek, A., Freier, K., Dierkes, G., Wick, A., Ternes, T., Fiener, P., Klasmeier, J., and Zumbülte, N.: Mikroplastik in Binnengewässern, Untersuchung und Modellierung des Eintrags und Verbleibs im Donaugebiet als Grundlage für Maßnahmenplanung, Technologiezentrum für Wasser, Karlsruhe, 190 pp., 2021.
WRB, I. W. G.: World reference base for soil resources 2014, Internation soil classification sstem for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps, Update 2025, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 203 pp., ISBN 978-92-5-108369-7, 2015.
Wright, S. L., Ulke, J., Font, A., Chan, K. L. A., and Kelly, F. J.: Atmospheric microplastic deposition in an urban environment and an evaluation of transport, Environ. Int., 136, 105411, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105411, 2020.
Zhang, L., Xie, Y., Liu, J., Zhong, S., Qian, Y., and Gao, P.: An overlooked entry pathway of microplastics into agricultural soils from application of sludge-based fertilizers, Environ. Sci. Tech., 54, 4248–4255, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07905, 2020.
Zhang, Y., Gao, T., Kang, S., Shi, H., Mai, L., Allen, D., and Allen, S.: Current status and future perspectives of microplastic pollution in typical cryospheric regions, Earth Sci. Rev., 226, 103924, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.103924, 2022.
Zhao, S., Zhang, Z., Chen, L., Cui, Q., Cui, Y., Song, D., and Fang, L.: Review on migration, transformation and ecological impacts of microplastics in soil, Appl. Soil Ecol., 176, 104486, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104486, 2022.
Zhou, Y., Wang, J., Zou, M., Jia, Z., Zhou, S., and Li, Y.: Microplastics in soils: A review of methods, occurrence, fate, transport, ecological and environmental risks, Sci. Total Environ., 748, 141368, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141368, 2020.
Zubris, K. A. and Richards, B. K.: Synthetic fibers as an indicator of land application of sludge, Environ. Pollut., 138, 201–211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.04.013, 2005.
Short summary
A carbon transport model was adjusted to study the importance of water and tillage erosion processes for particular microplastic (MP) transport across a mesoscale landscape. The MP mass delivered into the stream network represented a serious amount of MP input in the same range as potential MP inputs from wastewater treatment plants. In addition, most of the MP applied to arable soils remains in the topsoil (0–20 cm) for decades. The MP sink function of soil results in a long-term MP source.
A carbon transport model was adjusted to study the importance of water and tillage erosion...
