Articles | Volume 8, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-673-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-673-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Original research article
| 
26 Oct 2022
Original research article |
| 26 Oct 2022
| 26 Oct 2022
Effects of a warmer climate and forest composition on soil carbon cycling, soil organic matter stability and stocks in a humid boreal region
David Paré
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry
Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4C7,
Canada
Jérôme Laganière
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry
Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4C7,
Canada
Guy R. Larocque
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry
Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4C7,
Canada
Robert Boutin
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry
Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4C7,
Canada
Related authors
Benjamin Andrieux, David Paré, Julien Beguin, Pierre Grondin, and Yves Bergeron
SOIL, 6, 195–213, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-195-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-195-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our study aimed to disentangle the contribution of several drivers to explaining the proportion of soil carbon that can be released to CO2 through microbial respiration. We found that boreal-forest soil chemistry is an important driver of the amount of carbon that microbes can process. Our results emphasize the need to include the effects of soil chemistry into models of carbon cycling to better anticipate the role played by boreal-forest soils in carbon-cycle–climate feedbacks.
Carole Bastianelli, Adam A. Ali, Julien Beguin, Yves Bergeron, Pierre Grondin, Christelle Hély, and David Paré
Biogeosciences, 14, 3445–3459, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3445-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3445-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Our analyses showed that soil biogeochemistry could distinguish two forest ecosystems that coexist in Quebec: open lichen woodlands and closed-canopy black spruce–moss forests. Variations in carbon stocks, base cation concentrations and crystallinity of aluminium and iron were related to the different vegetation covers. This research was carried out as a first step to identify geochemical indicators of canopy cover types that could be useful in further palaeoecological studies.
Justine Lejoly, Sylvie Quideau, Jérôme Laganière, Justine Karst, Christine Martineau, Mathew Swallow, Charlotte Norris, and Abdul Samad
SOIL, 9, 461–478, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-461-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-461-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Earthworm invasion in North American forests can alter soil functioning. We investigated how the presence of invasive earthworms affected microbial communities, key drivers of soil biogeochemistry, across the major soil types of the Canadian boreal forest, which is a region largely understudied. Although total microbial biomass did not change, community composition shifted in earthworm-invaded mineral soils, where we also found higher fungal biomass and greater microbial species diversity.
Frances A. Podrebarac, Sharon A. Billings, Kate A. Edwards, Jérôme Laganière, Matthew J. Norwood, and Susan E. Ziegler
Biogeosciences, 18, 4755–4772, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4755-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4755-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil respiration is a large and temperature-responsive flux in the global carbon cycle. We found increases in microbial use of easy to degrade substrates enhanced the temperature response of respiration in soils layered as they are in situ. This enhanced response is consistent with soil composition differences in warm relative to cold climate forests. These results highlight the importance of the intact nature of soils rarely studied in regulating responses of CO2 fluxes to changing temperature.
Benjamin Andrieux, David Paré, Julien Beguin, Pierre Grondin, and Yves Bergeron
SOIL, 6, 195–213, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-195-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-195-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our study aimed to disentangle the contribution of several drivers to explaining the proportion of soil carbon that can be released to CO2 through microbial respiration. We found that boreal-forest soil chemistry is an important driver of the amount of carbon that microbes can process. Our results emphasize the need to include the effects of soil chemistry into models of carbon cycling to better anticipate the role played by boreal-forest soils in carbon-cycle–climate feedbacks.
Carole Bastianelli, Adam A. Ali, Julien Beguin, Yves Bergeron, Pierre Grondin, Christelle Hély, and David Paré
Biogeosciences, 14, 3445–3459, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3445-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3445-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Our analyses showed that soil biogeochemistry could distinguish two forest ecosystems that coexist in Quebec: open lichen woodlands and closed-canopy black spruce–moss forests. Variations in carbon stocks, base cation concentrations and crystallinity of aluminium and iron were related to the different vegetation covers. This research was carried out as a first step to identify geochemical indicators of canopy cover types that could be useful in further palaeoecological studies.
Related subject area
Soils and global change
Thermodynamic and hydrological drivers of the soil and bedrock thermal regimes in central Spain
The effect of different biopreparations on soil physical properties and CO2 emissions when growing winter wheat and oilseed rape
Earthworm-invaded boreal forest soils harbour distinct microbial communities
Back to the future? Conservative grassland management can preserve soil health in the changing landscapes of Uruguay
Effects of mild alternate wetting and drying irrigation and rice straw application on N2O emissions in rice cultivation
Whole-soil warming decreases abundance and modifies the community structure of microorganisms in the subsoil but not in surface soil
Short- and long-term temperature responses of soil denitrifier net N2O efflux rates, inter-profile N2O dynamics, and microbial genetic potentials
Acute glyphosate exposure does not condition the response of microbial communities to a dry–rewetting disturbance in a soil with a long history of glyphosate-based herbicides
Depletion of soil carbon and aggregation after strong warming of a subarctic Andosol under forest and grassland cover
Effect of deforestation and subsequent land use management on soil carbon stocks in the South American Chaco
The effects of worms, clay and biochar on CO2 emissions during production and soil application of co-composts
Climate and soil factors influencing seedling recruitment of plant species used for dryland restoration
A call for international soil experiment networks for studying, predicting, and managing global change impacts
Global distribution of soil organic carbon – Part 2: Certainty of changes related to land use and climate
The economics of soil C sequestration and agricultural emissions abatement
Félix García-Pereira, Jesús Fidel González-Rouco, Thomas Schmid, Camilo Melo-Aguilar, Cristina Vegas-Cañas, Norman Julius Steinert, Pedro José Roldán-Gómez, Francisco José Cuesta-Valero, Almudena García-García, Hugo Beltrami, and Philipp de Vrese
SOIL, 10, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work addresses air–ground temperature coupling and propagation into the subsurface in a mountainous area in central Spain using surface and subsurface data from six meteorological stations. Heat transfer of temperature changes at the ground surface occurs mainly by conduction controlled by thermal diffusivity of the subsurface, which varies with depth and time. A new methodology shows that near-surface diffusivity and soil moisture content changes with time are closely related.
Sidona Buragienė, Egidijus Šarauskis, Aida Adamavičienė, Kęstutis Romaneckas, Kristina Lekavičienė, Daiva Rimkuvienė, and Vilma Naujokienė
SOIL, 9, 593–608, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-593-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-593-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different biopreparations on soil porosity, temperature, and CO2 emission from the soil in northeast Europe (Lithuania) when growing food-type crops. The application of the biopreparations showed a cumulative effect on the soil properties. In the third year of the study, the total porosity of the soil was higher in all scenarios compared to the control, ranging between 51% and 74%.
Justine Lejoly, Sylvie Quideau, Jérôme Laganière, Justine Karst, Christine Martineau, Mathew Swallow, Charlotte Norris, and Abdul Samad
SOIL, 9, 461–478, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-461-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-461-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Earthworm invasion in North American forests can alter soil functioning. We investigated how the presence of invasive earthworms affected microbial communities, key drivers of soil biogeochemistry, across the major soil types of the Canadian boreal forest, which is a region largely understudied. Although total microbial biomass did not change, community composition shifted in earthworm-invaded mineral soils, where we also found higher fungal biomass and greater microbial species diversity.
Ina Säumel, Leonardo R. Ramírez, Sarah Tietjen, Marcos Barra, and Erick Zagal
SOIL, 9, 425–442, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-425-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-425-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed intensification of Uruguayan grasslands in a country-wide survey on fertility proxies, pH and trace metals in topsoils. We observed a loss of nutrients, trace metals and organic matter in grasslands, croplands and timber plantations and accumulation in riverine forests. This raises questions about the carrying capacity of Uruguayan soils with regard to currently implemented intensification strategies and supports more conservative forms of extensive grassland management.
Kaikuo Wu, Wentao Li, Zhanbo Wei, Zhi Dong, Yue Meng, Na Lv, and Lili Zhang
SOIL, 8, 645–654, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-645-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-645-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We explored the effects of mild alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation combined with rice straw return on N2O emissions and rice yield through rice pot experiments. Mild AWD irrigation significantly increased both N2O and yield-scaled N2O emissions. The addition of rice straw under mild AWD irrigation could promote N2O emissions. Mild AWD irrigation could reduce soil-nitrogen uptake by rice when urea was applied. Mild AWD irrigation reduced rice aboveground biomass but not rice yield.
Cyrill U. Zosso, Nicholas O. E. Ofiti, Jennifer L. Soong, Emily F. Solly, Margaret S. Torn, Arnaud Huguet, Guido L. B. Wiesenberg, and Michael W. I. Schmidt
SOIL, 7, 477–494, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-477-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-477-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
How subsoil microorganisms respond to warming is largely unknown, despite their crucial role in the soil organic carbon cycle. We observed that the subsoil microbial community composition was more responsive to warming compared to the topsoil community composition. Decreased microbial abundance in subsoils, as observed in this study, might reduce the magnitude of the respiration response over time, and a shift in the microbial community will likely affect the cycling of soil organic carbon.
Kate M. Buckeridge, Kate A. Edwards, Kyungjin Min, Susan E. Ziegler, and Sharon A. Billings
SOIL, 6, 399–412, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-399-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-399-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We do not understand the short- and long-term temperature response of soil denitrifiers, which produce and consume N2O. Boreal forest soils from a long-term climate gradient were incubated in short-term warming experiments. We found stronger N2O consumption at depth, inconsistent microbial gene abundance and function, and consistent higher N2O emissions from warmer-climate soils at warmer temperatures. Consideration of our results in models will contribute to improved climate projections.
Marco Allegrini, Elena Gomez, and María Celina Zabaloy
SOIL, 6, 291–297, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-291-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-291-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Research was conducted to assess the response of microbial communities in a soil with a long history of glyphosate-based herbicides to a secondary imposed perturbation (dry–rewetting event). Both perturbations could increase their frequency under current agricultural practices and climate change. The results of this study demonstrate that acute exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide does not have a conditioning effect on the response of microbial communities to the dry–rewetting event.
Christopher Poeplau, Páll Sigurðsson, and Bjarni D. Sigurdsson
SOIL, 6, 115–129, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-115-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-115-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Global warming leads to increased mineralisation of soil organic matter, inducing a positive climate–carbon cycle feedback loop. Loss of organic matter can be associated with loss of soil structure. Here we use a strong geothermal gradient to investigate soil warming effects on soil organic matter and structural parameters in subarctic forest and grassland soils. Strong depletion of organic matter caused a collapse of aggregates, highlighting the potential impact of warming on soil function.
Natalia Andrea Osinaga, Carina Rosa Álvarez, and Miguel Angel Taboada
SOIL, 4, 251–257, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-251-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-251-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The sub-humid Argentine Chaco, originally covered by forest, has been subjected to clearing since the end of the 1970s and replacement of the forest by no-till farming. The organic carbon stock content up to 1 m depth varied as follows: forest > pasture > continuous cropping, with no impact of the number of years under cropping. The incorporation of pastures of warm-season grasses was able to mitigate the decrease of C stocks caused by cropping and so could be considered sustainable management.
Justine Barthod, Cornélia Rumpel, Remigio Paradelo, and Marie-France Dignac
SOIL, 2, 673–683, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-673-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-673-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we evaluated CO2 emissions during composting of green wastes with clay and/or biochar in the presence and absence of worms, as well as the effect of those amendments on carbon mineralization after application to soil. Our results indicated that the addition of clay or clay–biochar mixture reduced carbon mineralization during co-composting without worms by up to 44 %. In the presence of worms, CO2 emissions during composting increased for all treatments except for the low clay dose.
Miriam Muñoz-Rojas, Todd E. Erickson, Dylan C. Martini, Kingsley W. Dixon, and David J. Merritt
SOIL, 2, 287–298, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-287-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-287-2016, 2016
M. S. Torn, A. Chabbi, P. Crill, P. J. Hanson, I. A. Janssens, Y. Luo, C. H. Pries, C. Rumpel, M. W. I. Schmidt, J. Six, M. Schrumpf, and B. Zhu
SOIL, 1, 575–582, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-575-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-575-2015, 2015
M. Köchy, A. Don, M. K. van der Molen, and A. Freibauer
SOIL, 1, 367–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-367-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-367-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Using ranges for variables in a model of organic C stocks of the top 1m of soil on a global 0.5° grid, we assessed the (un)certainty of changes in stocks over the next 75 years. Changes are more certain where land-use change strongly affects carbon inputs and where higher temperatures and adequate moisture favour decomposition, e.g. tropical mountain forests. Global stocks will increase by 1% with a certainty of 75% if inputs to the soil increase due to CO₂ fertilization of the vegetation.
P. Alexander, K. Paustian, P. Smith, and D. Moran
SOIL, 1, 331–339, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-331-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-331-2015, 2015
Cited articles
Abrams, M., Crippen, R., and Fujisada, H.: ASTER global digital
elevation model (GDEM) and ASTER global water body dataset (ASTWBD), Remote
Sens., 12, 1156, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12071156, 2020.
Andrieux, B., Beguin, J., Bergeron, Y., Grondin, P., and Paré, D.: Drivers of
post-fire soil organic carbon accumulation in the boreal forest, Glob.
Change Biol., 24, 4797–4815, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14365, 2018.
Andrieux, B., Paré, D., Beguin, J., Grondin, P., and Bergeron, Y.:
Boreal-forest soil chemistry drives soil organic carbon bioreactivity along
a 314-year fire chronosequence, SOIL, 6, 195–213,
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-195-2020, 2020, 2020.
Bergeron, O., Margolis, H. A., Black, T. A., Coursolle, C., Dunn, A. L., Barr,
A. G., and Wofsy, S. C.: Comparison of carbon dioxide fluxes over three boreal
black spruce forests in Canada, Glob. Change Biol., 13, 89–107,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01281.x, 2007.
Bond-Lamberty, B., Wang, C., and Gower, S. T.: A global relationship
between the heterotrophic and autotrophic components of soil respiration?,
Glob. Change Biol., 10, 1756–1766,
2004.
Boulanger, Y., Gauthier, S., and Burton, P.J.: A refinement of models
projecting future Canadian fire regimes using homogeneous fire regime zones,
Can. J. Forest Res., 44, 365–500, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0372, 2014.
Brown, C. D. and Vellend, M.: Non-climatic constraints on upper elevational plant
range expansion under climate change, Proc. R. Soc. B, 281, 20141779,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1779, 2014.
Buchmann, N.: Biotic and abiotic factors controlling soil respiration rates
in Picea abies stands, Soil Biol. Biochem., 32, 1625–1635,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00077-8, 2000.
Carvalhais, N., Forkel, M., Khomik, M., Bellarby, J., Jung, M., and Migliavacca,
M.: Global covariation of carbon turnover times with climate in terrestrial
ecosystems, Nature, 514, 213–217, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13731, 2014.
Cotrufo, M. F., Wallenstein, M. D., Boot, C. M., Denef, K., and Paul, E.:
The Microbial Efficiency-Matrix Stabilization (MEMS) framework integrates
plant litter decomposition with soil organic matter stabilization: do labile
plant inputs form stable soil organic matter?, Glob. Change Biol., 19,
988–995, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12113, 2013.
Cotrufo, M. F., Lavallee, M., Zhang, J. M., Hansen, Y., Paustian, K. H.,
Schipanski, M., and Wallenstein, M. D.: In-N-Out: A hierarchical framework to
understand and predict soil carbon storage and nitrogen recycling, Glob.
Change Biol., 27, 4465–4468, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15782, 2021.
Couillard, P. L., Payette, S., Lavoie, M., and Frégeau, M.:
Macrocharcoal-Based Chronosequences Reveal Shifting Dominance of Conifer
Boreal Forests Under Changing Fire Regime, Ecosystems, 21, 1183–1195,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-017-0211-3, 2018.
Crowther, T. W., Todd-Brown, K. E. O., Rowe, Wieder, W. R., Carey, J. C., MacHmuller, M. B. Snoek, B. L. Fang, S., Zhou, G. G., Allison, G., Blair, J. M., Bridgham, S. D., Burton, A. J., Carrillo, Y., Reich, P. B., Clark, J. S., Classen, A. T., Dijkstra, F. A., Elberling, B., Emmett B. A., Estiarte, S. M., Frey, S. D., Guo, J. Harte, J., Jiang, L., Johnson, B. R., Kroël-Dulay, G., Larsen, K. S., Laudon, H., Lavallee, J. M., Luo, Y., Lupascu, M. Ma, L. N., Marhan, S., Michelsen, A., Mohan, J., Niu, S. Pendall, E., Peñuelas, J., Pfeifer-Meister, L., Poll C., Reinsch, S. Reynolds, L. L., Schmidt, I. K., Sistla, S. Sokol, N. W., Templer, P. H., Treseder, K. K., Welker, J. M., and Bradford, M. A.: Quantifying global soil
carbon losses in response to warming, Nature, 540, 104–108,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20150, 2016.
Dalsgaard, L., Lange, H., Strand, L. T., Callesen, I. Borgen, S. K., Liski, J.,
and Astrup, R.: Underestimation of boreal forest soil carbon stocks related to
soil classification and drainage, Can. J. Forest Res., 46, 1413–1425,
https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0466, 2016.
Danneyrolles, V., Dupuis, S., Fortin, G., Leroyer, M., de Römer, A., Terrail, R., Vellend, M., Boucher, Y., Laflamme, J., Bergeron, Y., Boucher, Y., Laflamme, J., Bergeron, Y., and Arseneault, D.: Stronger influence of
anthropogenic disturbance than climate change on century-scale compositional
changes in northern forests, Nat. Commun., 10, 1265,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09265-z, 2019.
Deluca, T. H. and Boisvenue, C.: Boreal forest soil carbon: distribution,
function and modelling, Forestry, 85, 161–184,
https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cps003, 2012.
D'Orangeville, L., Côté, B., Houle, D., and Whalen, J.: Reduced
mineralizable carbon in a boreal forest soil after three years of artificial
warming, Can. J. Soil Sci., 93, 567–572,
https://https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss2013-046, 2013.
D'Orangeville, L., Duchesne, L., Houle, D., Kneeshaw, D., Côté, B.,
and Pederson, N.: Northeastern North America as a potential refugium for
boreal forests in a warming climate, Science, 352, 1452–1455,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf4951, 2016.
Fissore, C., Giardina, C. P., Swanston, C. W., King, G. M., and Kolka, R. K.: Variable
temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon in North American forests, Glob.
Change Biol., 15, 2295–2310, 2009.
Fleming, R. A. and Piene, H.: Spruce budworm defoliation and growth loss in young
balsam fir: cohort models of needle schedules for spaced trees, Forest Sci.,
38, 678–694, 1992.
Garten, C. T.: Comparison of forest soil carbon dynamics at five sites along
a latitudinal gradient, Geoderma, 167/168, 30–40,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.08.007, 2011.
Girardin, M. P., Hogg, E. H., Bernier, P. Y., Kurz, W. A., Guo, X. J., and Cyr, G.:
Negative impacts of high temperatures on growth of black spruce forests
intensify with the anticipated climate warming, Glob. Change Biol., 22,
627–643, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13072, 2016.
Girardin, M. P., Guo, X. J., Metsaranta, J., Gervais, D., Campbell, E.,
Arsenault, A., Isaac-Renton, M., Harvey, J. E. Bhatti, J., and Hogg, E. H.: A
national tree-ring data repository for Canadian forests (CFS-TRenD):
structure, synthesis, and applications, Environ. Rev., 29, 225–241,
https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2020-0099, 2021.
Giardina, C., Litton, C., Crow, S., and Asner, G. P.: Warming-related increases in soil
CO2 efflux are explained by increased below-ground carbon flux, Nat. Clim. Change, 4, 822–827,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2322, 2014.
Grossnickle, S. C.: Ecophysiology of Northern Spruce Species: The
Performance of Planted Seedlings, NRC Research Press, 407 pp., ISBN 978-0-660-17959-9, 2000.
Hember, R. A., Kurz, W. A., and Girardin, M. P.: Tree ring reconstructions
of stemwood biomass indicate increases in the growth rate of black spruce
trees across boreal forests of Canada, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 124, 2460–2480, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004573, 2019.
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Jacob, D., Taylor, M., Bindi, M., Brown, S., Camilloni, I.,
Diedhiou, A., Djalante, R., Ebi, K. L., Engelbrecht, F., Guiot, J., Hijioka, Y.,
Mehrotra, S., Payne, A., Seneviratne, S. I., Thomas, A., Warren, R., and Zhou, G.:
Impacts of 1.5 ∘C Global Warming on Natural and Human
Systems, in: Global Warming of 1.5 ∘C, An IPCC Special Report on
the impacts of global warming of 1.5 ∘C above pre-industrial
levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context
of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change,
sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty, edited by: Masson-Delmotte,
V., Zhai, P., Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D., Skea, J., Shukla, P. R., Pirani, A.,
Moufouma-Okia, W., Péan, C., Pidcock, R., Connors, S., Matthews, J. B. R.,
Chen, Y., Zhou, X., Gomis, M. I., Lonnoy, E., Maycock, T., Tignor, M., and
Waterfield, T., 2018.
Huntzinger, D. N., Schaefer, K., Schwalm, C., Fisher, J. B., Hayes, D., Stofferahn, E., Carey, J., Michalak, A. M., Wei, Y., Jain, A. K., Kolus, H., Mao, J., Poulter, B., Shi, X., Tang, J., and Tian, H.: Evaluation of simulated soil
carbon dynamics in Arctic-Boreal ecosystems, Env. Res. Letters, 15,
025005, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab6784, 2020.
Ishizuka, S., Sakata, T., Sawata, S., Ikeda, S., Takenaka, C., Tamai, N., Sakai, H.,
Shimizu, T., Kanna, K., Onodera, S., Tanaka, N., and Takahashi, M.: High potential
for increase in CO2 flux from forest soil surface due to global warming in
cooler areas of Japan, Ann. For. Sci., 63, 537–546,
https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2006036, 2006.
Kane, E. S., Valentine, D. W., Schuur, E. A. G., and Dutta, K.: Soil carbon
stabilization along climate and stand productivity gradients in black spruce
forests of interior Alaska, Can. J. Forest Res., 35, 2118–2129,
https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-093, 2005.
Kohl, L., Philben, M., Edwards, K. A., Podrebarac, F. A., Warren, J., and Ziegler,
S. E.: The origin of soil organic matter controls its composition and
bioreactivity across a mesic boreal forest latitudinal gradient, Glob.
Change Biol., 24, e458–e473, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13887, 2018.
Kroetsch, D. and Wang, C.: Particle Size Distribution, in: Soil Sampling
and Methods of Analysis, Second Edition, edited by: Carter, M. R. and
Gregorich, E. G., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420005271, 2007.
Laganière, J., Podrebarac, F., Billings, S. A., Edwards, K. A., and
Ziegler, S. E.:
A warmer climate reduces the bioreactivity of isolated boreal forest soil
Horizons without increasing the temperature sensitivity of respiratory CO2
loss,
Soil Biol. Biochem., 84, 177–188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.02.025, 2015.
Langeveld, J., Bouwman, A. F., van Hoek, W. J., Vilmin, L., Beusen, A. H. W., Mogollón, J. M., and Middelburg, J. J.: Estimating dissolved
carbon concentrations in global soils: a global database and model, SN Appl.
Sci., 2, 1626, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03290-0, 2020.
Larocque, G. R., Paré, D., Boutin, R., Sarr, L., Lacerte, V., and Ansseau,
C.: Comparing carbon pools and tree growth in balsam fir (Abies
balsamea) and black spruce (Picea mariana) forest ecosystems located along a
climatic gradient, Ecoscience, 21, 265–277 , https://doi.org/10.2980/21-(3-4)-3701.
2014.
Lavallee, J., Soong, J. L., and Cotrufo, M. F.: Conceptualizing soil
organic matter into particulate and mineral-associated forms to address
global change in the 21st century, Glob. Change Biol., 26, 261–273,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14859, 2020.
Lavigne, M. B., Boutin, R., Foster, R. J., Goodine, G., Bernier, P. Y.,
Robitaille, G.: Soil respiration responses to temperature are controlled more by roots than by decomposition in balsam fir ecosystems, Can. J. For. Res., 33, 1744–1753, https://doi.org/10.1139/x03-090, 2003.
Liski, J. and Westman, C. J.: Carbon storage of forest soil in Finland,
1. Effect of thermoclimate, Biogeochemistry, 36, 239–260, 1997.
Litton, C. M., Raich, J. W., Ryan, M. G.: Carbon allocation in forest
ecosystems, Glob. Change Biol., 13, 2089–2109,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01420.x, 2007.
Malhi, Y., Doughty, C., and Galbraith, D.: The allocation of ecosystem net
primary productivity in tropical forests, Philos T. R. Soc. B, 366, 3225–3245,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0062, 2011.
Marty, C., Piquette, J., Morin, H., Bussières, D., Thiffault, N., Houle,
D., Bradley, R. L., Simpson, M. J., Ouimet, R., and Paré, M. C.: Nine
years of in situ soil warming and topography impact the temperature
sensitivity and basal respiration rate of the forest floor in a Canadian
boreal forest, PLoS ONE, 14, e0226909, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226909,
2019.
Mayer, M., Prescott, C., Abaker, W. E. A., Augusto, L., Cécillon, L.,
Ferreira, G. W. D., James, J., Jandl, R., Katzensteiner, K., Laclau, J.-P.,
Laganière, J., Nouvellon, Y., Paré, D., Stanturf, J. A., Vanguelova,
E. I., and Vesterdal, L.: Tamm Review: Influence of forest management activities
on soil organic carbon stocks: a knowledge synthesis, Forest Ecol. Manag.,
66, 118127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118127, 2020.
Melillo, J. M., Steudler, P. A., Aber, J. D., Newkirk, K., Lux, H., Bowles, F. P.,
Catricala, C., Magill, A., Ahrens, T., and Morrisseau, S.: Soil warming and
carbon-cycle feedbacks to the climate system, Sciences, 298, 2173–2176, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1074153, 2002.
Meyer, N., Welp, G., and Amelung, W.: The temperature sensitivity (Q10) of
soil respiration: Controlling factors and spatial prediction at regional
scale based on environmental soil classes, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 32,
306–323, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005644, 2018.
Naidu, D. G. T. and Bagchi, S.: Greening of the earth does not compensate for rising
soil heterotrophic respiration under climate change, Glob. Change
Biol., 27, 2029–2038,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15531, 2021.
Norris, C. E., Quideau, S. A., Bhatti, J. S., and Wasylishen, R. E.: Soil carbon
stabilization in jack pine stands along the Boreal Forest Transect Case
Study, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 480–494,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02236.x, 2011.
Ouranos: Vers l'adaptation. Synthèse des connaissances sur les changements
climatiques au Quebec. Edition 2015. Montreal, Quebec, Ouranos, p. 415,
ISBN: 978-2-923292-18-2, 2015.
Pacé, M., Fenton, N., Paré, D., and Bergeron, Y.: Ground layer
composition affects tree fine root biomass and soil nutrient availability in
jack pine and black spruce forests under extreme drainage conditions, Can.
J. Forest Res., 47, 433–444, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0352, 2016.
Paré, D.: Litterfall rate and soil respiration along a climatic gradient, Canada [data set], https://doi.org/10.23687/c1891184-b6dc-4dc7-95b3-ecf108b02a8d, 2022.
Paré, D., Bernier, Y., Lafleur, B., Titus, B. D., Thiffault, E., Maynard,
D. G., and Guo, X.: Estimating stand-scale biomass, nutrient contents and
associated uncertainties for tree species of Canadian forests, Can. J. Forest
Res., 43, 599–608, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2012-0454, 2013.
Paré, D., Manka, F., Barrette, J., Augustin, F., and Beguin, J.: Indicators of site sensitivity to the removal of forest harvest residues at the sub-continental scale: mapping, comparisons, and challenges, Ecol. Indicators 125, 107516, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107516, 2021.
Régnière, J. and St-Amant, R.: BioSIM 9: user's manual. Natural
Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Information Report LAU-X-134, ISBN 978-0-662-47919-2,
2008.
Rustad, L. E., Campbell, J. L., Marion, G. M., Norby, R. J., Mitchell, M. J.,
Hartley, A. E., Cornelissen, J. H. C., and Gurevitch, J.: A meta-analysis of the
response of soil respiration, net nitrogen mineralization, and aboveground
plant growth to experimental ecosystem warming, Oecologia, 126, 543–562,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000544, 2001.
SAS Institute Inc.: 2013. SAS/ACCESS® 9.4 Interface to ADABAS:
Reference, Cary, NC, SAS Institute Inc., 2013.
Scharlemann, J. P. W., Tanner, E. V. J., Hiederer, R., and Kapos, V.: Global soil
carbon: understanding and managing the largest terrestrial carbon pool,
Carbon Manage., 5, 81–91, https://doi.org/10.4155/cmt.13.77, 2014.
Simard, M., Lecomte, N., Bergeron, Y., Bernier, P. Y., and Pare, D.:
Forest productivity decline caused by successional paludification of boreal
soils, Ecol. Appl., 17, 1619–1637, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1795.1, 2007.
2007.
Tewksbury, C. E. and Van Miegroet, H.: Soil organic carbon dynamics along a
climatic gradient in a southern Appalachian spruce-fir forest, Can. J. Forest
Res., 37, 1161–1172, doi.10.1139/X06-317, 2007.
Trabucco, A. and Zomer, R. J.: Global Aridity Index and Potential
evapotranspiration (ET0), Climate Database, v2,
https://cgiarcsi.community/data/global-aridity-and-pet-database/ (lasy access: 10 June 2022), 2018.
von Buttlar, J., Zscheischler, J., Rammig, A., Sippel, S., Reichstein, M.,
Knohl, A., and Mahecha, M. D.: Impacts of droughts and extreme-temperature
events on gross primary production and ecosystem respiration: A systematic
assessment across ecosystems and climate zones, Biogeosciences, 15,
1293–1318, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1293-2018, 2018.
Wieder, W. R., Sulman, B. N., Hartman, M. D., Koven, C. D., and Bradford,
M. A.: Arctic soil governs whether climate change drives global losses or
gains in soil carbon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 14486–14495,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085543, 2019.
Yanai, R. D., Stehman, S. V., Arthur, M. A., Prescott, C. E., Friedland, A. J.,
Siccama, T. G., and Binkley, D.: Detecting Change in Forest Floor Carbon, Soil
Sci. Soc. Am. J., 67, 1583–1593, https://https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.1583,
2003.
Ziegler, S. E., Benner, R., Billings, S. A., Edwards, K. A., Philben, M., Zhu,
X., and Laganière, J.: Climate Warming Can Accelerate Carbon Fluxes without
Changing Soil Carbon Stocks, Front. Earth Sci., 5,
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2017.00002, 2017.
Short summary
Major soil carbon pools and fluxes were assessed along a climatic gradient expanding 4 °C in mean annual temperature for two important boreal conifer forest stand types. Species and a warmer climate affected soil organic matter (SOM) cycling but not stocks. Contrarily to common hypotheses, SOM lability was not reduced by warmer climatic conditions and perhaps increased. Results apply to cold and wet conditions and a stable vegetation composition along the climate gradient.
Major soil carbon pools and fluxes were assessed along a climatic gradient expanding 4 °C in...
