Articles | Volume 1, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-515-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-515-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Short communication
| 
13 Jul 2015
Short communication |
| 13 Jul 2015
Analysis and definition of potential new areas for viticulture in the Azores (Portugal)
J. Madruga
CITA_A, Research Center of Agrarian Sciences of the University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
E. B. Azevedo
CITA_A, Research Center of Agrarian Sciences of the University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
CCMMG, Research Center for Climate, Meteorology and Global Change, University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
J. F. Sampaio
CITA_A, Research Center of Agrarian Sciences of the University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
F. Fernandes
CCMMG, Research Center for Climate, Meteorology and Global Change, University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
F. Reis
CCMMG, Research Center for Climate, Meteorology and Global Change, University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
J. Pinheiro
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
CITA_A, Research Center of Agrarian Sciences of the University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
Related subject area
Soils and natural ecosystems
Mineral dust and pedogenesis in the alpine critical zone
Advancing studies on global biocrusts distribution
The soil knowledge library (KLIB) – a structured literature database on soil process research
Masked diversity and contrasting soil processes in tropical seagrass meadows: the control of environmental settings
Biocrust-linked changes in soil aggregate stability along a climatic gradient in the Chilean Coastal Range
Content of soil organic carbon and labile fractions depend on local combinations of mineral-phase characteristics
Effects of environmental factors and soil properties on soil organic carbon stock in a natural dry tropical area of Cameroon
The role of ecosystem engineers in shaping the diversity and function of arid soil bacterial communities
SoilGrids 2.0: producing soil information for the globe with quantified spatial uncertainty
Disaggregating a regional-extent digital soil map using Bayesian area-to-point regression kriging for farm-scale soil carbon assessment
Opportunities and limitations related to the application of plant-derived lipid molecular proxies in soil science
Spatial variability in soil organic carbon in a tropical montane landscape: associations between soil organic carbon and land use, soil properties, vegetation, and topography vary across plot to landscape scales
A probabilistic approach to quantifying soil physical properties via time-integrated energy and mass input
Arctic soil development on a series of marine terraces on central Spitsbergen, Svalbard: a combined geochronology, fieldwork and modelling approach
Local versus field scale soil heterogeneity characterization – a challenge for representative sampling in pollution studies
The interdisciplinary nature of SOIL
Jeffrey S. Munroe, Abigail A. Santis, Elsa J. Soderstrom, Michael J. Tappa, and Ann M. Bauer
SOIL, 10, 167–187, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-167-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-167-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated how the deposition of mineral dust delivered by the wind influences soil development in mountain environments. At six mountain locations in the southwestern United States, modern dust was collected along with samples of soil and local bedrock. Analysis indicates that at all sites the properties of dust and soil are very similar and are very different from underlying rock. This result indicates that soils are predominantly composed of dust delivered by the wind over time.
Siqing Wang, Li Ma, Liping Yang, Yali Ma, Yafeng Zhang, Changming Zhao, and Ning Chen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2131, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2131, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Biological soil crusts (cover a substantial proportion of dryland ecosystem and play crucial roles in ecological processes. Consequently, studying the spatial distribution of biocrusts holds great significance. This study aimed to stimulate global-scale investigations of biocrusts distribution by introducing three major approaches. Then, we summarized present understandings of biocrusts distribution. Finally, we proposed several potential research topics.
Hans-Jörg Vogel, Bibiana Betancur-Corredor, Leonard Franke, Sara König, Birgit Lang, Maik Lucas, Eva Rabot, Bastian Stößel, Ulrich Weller, Martin Wiesmeier, and Ute Wollschläger
SOIL, 9, 533–543, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-533-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-533-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper presents a new web-based software tool to support soil process research. It is designed to categorize publications in this field according to site and soil characteristics, as well as experimental conditions, which is of critical importance for the interpretation of the research results. The software tool is provided open access for the soil science community such that anyone can contribute to improve the contents of the literature data base.
Gabriel Nuto Nóbrega, Xosé L. Otero, Danilo Jefferson Romero, Hermano Melo Queiroz, Daniel Gorman, Margareth da Silva Copertino, Marisa de Cássia Piccolo, and Tiago Osório Ferreira
SOIL, 9, 189–208, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-189-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-189-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The present study addresses the soil information gap in tropical seagrass meadows. The different geological and bioclimatic settings caused a relevant soil diversity. Contrasting geochemical conditions promote different intensities of soil processes. Seagrass soils from the northeastern semiarid coast are marked by a more intense sulfidization. Understanding soil processes may help in the sustainable management of seagrasses.
Nicolás Riveras-Muñoz, Steffen Seitz, Kristina Witzgall, Victoria Rodríguez, Peter Kühn, Carsten W. Mueller, Rómulo Oses, Oscar Seguel, Dirk Wagner, and Thomas Scholten
SOIL, 8, 717–731, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-717-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-717-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) stabilize the soil surface mainly in arid regions but are also present in Mediterranean and humid climates. We studied this stabilizing effect through wet and dry sieving along a large climatic gradient in Chile and found that the stabilization of soil aggregates persists in all climates, but their role is masked and reserved for a limited number of size fractions under humid conditions by higher vegetation and organic matter contents in the topsoil.
Malte Ortner, Michael Seidel, Sebastian Semella, Thomas Udelhoven, Michael Vohland, and Sören Thiele-Bruhn
SOIL, 8, 113–131, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-113-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-113-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic carbon (SOC) and its labile fractions are influenced by soil use and mineral properties. These parameters interact with each other and affect SOC differently depending on local conditions. To investigate the latter, the dependence of SOC content on parameters that vary on a local scale depending on parent material, soil texture, and land use as well as parameter combinations was statistically assessed. Relevance and superiority of local models compared to total models were shown.
Désiré Tsozué, Nérine Mabelle Moudjie Noubissie, Estelle Lionelle Tamto Mamdem, Simon Djakba Basga, and Dieudonne Lucien Bitom Oyono
SOIL, 7, 677–691, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-677-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-677-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Studies on soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) in the Sudano-Sahelian part of Cameroon are very rare. Organic C storage decreases with increasing latitude and more than 60 % of the SOCS is stored below the first 25 cm depth. In addition, a good correlation is noted between precipitation which decreases with increasing latitude and the total SOCS, indicating the importance of climate in the distribution of the total SOCS in the study area, which directly influence the productivity of the vegetation.
Capucine Baubin, Arielle M. Farrell, Adam Št'ovíček, Lusine Ghazaryan, Itamar Giladi, and Osnat Gillor
SOIL, 7, 611–637, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-611-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-611-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we describe changes in desert soil bacterial diversity and function when two ecosystem engineers, shrubs and ant nests, in an arid environment are present. The results show that bacterial activity increases when there are ecosystem engineers and that their impact is non-additive. This is one of a handful of studies that investigated the separate and combined effects of ecosystem engineers on soil bacterial communities investigating both composition and function.
Laura Poggio, Luis M. de Sousa, Niels H. Batjes, Gerard B. M. Heuvelink, Bas Kempen, Eloi Ribeiro, and David Rossiter
SOIL, 7, 217–240, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-217-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-217-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper focuses on the production of global maps of soil properties with quantified spatial uncertainty, as implemented in the SoilGrids version 2.0 product using DSM practices and adapting them for global digital soil mapping with legacy data. The quantitative evaluation showed metrics in line with previous studies. The qualitative evaluation showed that coarse-scale patterns are well reproduced. The spatial uncertainty at global scale highlighted the need for more soil observations.
Sanjeewani Nimalka Somarathna Pallegedara Dewage, Budiman Minasny, and Brendan Malone
SOIL, 6, 359–369, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-359-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-359-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Most soil management activities are implemented at farm scale, yet digital soil maps are commonly available at regional/national scales. This study proposes Bayesian area-to-point kriging to downscale regional-/national-scale soil property maps to farm scale. A regional soil carbon map with a resolution of 100 m (block support) was disaggregated to 10 m (point support) information for a farm in northern NSW, Australia. Results are presented with the uncertainty of the downscaling process.
Boris Jansen and Guido L. B. Wiesenberg
SOIL, 3, 211–234, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-211-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-211-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The application of lipids in soils as molecular proxies, also often referred to as biomarkers, has dramatically increased in the last decades. Applications range from inferring changes in past vegetation composition to unraveling the turnover of soil organic matter. However, the application of soil lipids as molecular proxies comes with several constraining factors. Here we provide a critical review of the current state of knowledge on the applicability of molecular proxies in soil science.
Marleen de Blécourt, Marife D. Corre, Ekananda Paudel, Rhett D. Harrison, Rainer Brumme, and Edzo Veldkamp
SOIL, 3, 123–137, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-123-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-123-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We examined the spatial variability in SOC in a 10 000 ha landscape in SW China. The spatial variability in SOC was largest at the plot scale (1 ha) and the associations between SOC and land use, soil properties, vegetation, and topographical attributes varied across plot to landscape scales. Our results show that sampling designs must consider the controlling factors at the scale of interest in order to elucidate their effects on SOC against the variability within and between plots.
Christopher Shepard, Marcel G. Schaap, Jon D. Pelletier, and Craig Rasmussen
SOIL, 3, 67–82, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-67-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-67-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Here we demonstrate the use of a probabilistic approach for quantifying soil physical properties and variability using time and environmental input. We applied this approach to a synthesis of soil chronosequences, i.e., soils that change with time. The model effectively predicted clay content across the soil chronosequences and for soils in complex terrain using soil depth as a proxy for hill slope. This model represents the first attempt to model soils from a probabilistic viewpoint.
W. Marijn van der Meij, Arnaud J. A. M. Temme, Christian M. F. J. J. de Kleijn, Tony Reimann, Gerard B. M. Heuvelink, Zbigniew Zwoliński, Grzegorz Rachlewicz, Krzysztof Rymer, and Michael Sommer
SOIL, 2, 221–240, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-221-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-221-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study combined fieldwork, geochronology and modelling to get a better understanding of Arctic soil development on a landscape scale. Main processes are aeolian deposition, physical and chemical weathering and silt translocation. Discrepancies between model results and field observations showed that soil and landscape development is not as straightforward as we hypothesized. Interactions between landscape processes and soil processes have resulted in a complex soil pattern in the landscape.
Z. Kardanpour, O. S. Jacobsen, and K. H. Esbensen
SOIL, 1, 695–705, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-695-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-695-2015, 2015
E. C. Brevik, A. Cerdà, J. Mataix-Solera, L. Pereg, J. N. Quinton, J. Six, and K. Van Oost
SOIL, 1, 117–129, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-117-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-117-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides a brief accounting of some of the many ways that the study of soils can be interdisciplinary, therefore giving examples of the types of papers we hope to see submitted to SOIL.
Cited articles
Amerine, M. A. and Winkler, A. J.: Composition and quality of must and wines of California grapes, Hilgardia, 15, 493–675, 1944.
Aranda, S. C., Gabriel, R., Borges, P., Azevedo, E. B., and Lobo, J. M.: Designing a survey protocol to overcome the Wallacean shortfall: a working guide using bryophyte distribution data on Terceira Island (Azores), Bryologist, 114, 611–624, 2011.
Auxtero, E., Madeira, M., and Sousa, E.: Variable charge characteristics of selected Andisols from the Azores, Portugal, Catena, 56, 111–125, 2004.
Azevedo, E. B.: Modelação do Clima Insular à Escala Local. Modelo CIELO aplicado à ilha Terceira, Ph.D. thesis, University of the Azores, Portugal, 247 pp., 1996.
Azevedo, E. B.: Climate Overview, in: Pico Island Natural History Handbook, Observatório Vulcanológico e Geotérmico dos Açores, 2014.
Azevedo, E. B., Pereira, L. S., and Itier, B.: Modeling the Local Climate in Islands Environments, Orographic Clouds Cover, in: First International Conference on Fog and Fog Collection, IDRC, Ottawa, Canada, 433–436, 1998.
Azevedo, E. B., Pereira, L. S., and Itier, B.: Modelling the local climate in island environments: water balance applications, Agr. Water Manage., 40, 393–403, 1999.
Baptista, J. A. B., Tavares, J. F., and Carvalho, R. C. B.: Comparison of polyphenols and aroma in red wines from Portuguese mainland versus Azores Islands, Food Res. Int., 34, 345–355, 2001.
Blakemore, L. C., Searle, P. L., and Daly, B. K.: Soil bureau laboratory methods: a method for chemical analysis of soils, New Zealand: Soil Bureau Scientific Report 80, 1987.
Boieiro, M., Carvalho, J. C., Cardoso, P., Aguiar, C. S., Rego C., Silva, I. F., Amorim, I. R., Pereira, F., Azevedo, E. B., Borges, P. B., and Serrano, A. M.: Spatial Factors Play a Major Role as Determinants of Endemic Ground Beetle Beta Diversity of Madeira Island Laurisilva, PLoS ONE, 8, e64591, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064591, 2013.
Borges, P. A. V., Lobo, J. M., Azevedo, E. B., Gaspar, C., Melo, C., and Nunes, L. V.: Invasibility and species richness of island endemic arthropods: a general model of endemic vs. exotic species, J. Biogeogr., 33, 169–187, 2006.
Bramley, R. G. V.: Progress in the development of precision viticulture variation in yield, quality and soil properties in contrasting Australian vineyards, in: Precision Tools for Improving Land Management: Occasional Report No. 14, edited by: Currie, L. D. and Loganathan, P., Fertilizer and Lime Research Centre, Massey University: Palmerston North, New Zealand, 25–43, 2001.
Bramley, R. G. V.: Understanding variability in wine grape production systems 2. Within vineyard variation in quality over several vintages, Aust. J. Grape Wine Res., 11, 33–42, 2005.
Bucelli, P. and Costantini, E. A. C.: Wine Grape and Vine zoning, in: Manual of methods for soil and land evaluation, edited by: Costantini, E. A. C., Science Publishers, Enfield (NH), USA, 353–400, 2009.
Conradie, W. J., Carey, V. A., Bonnardot, V., Saayman, D., and Schoor van, L. H.: Effect of different environmental factors on the performance of Sauvignon blanc grapevines in the Stellenbosch/Durbanville districts of South Africa. I. geology, soil, climate, phenology and grape composition, S. Afr. J. Enol. Vitic., 23, 79–91, 2002.
Dahlgren, R., Shoji, S., and Nanzyo, M.: Mineralogical characteristics of volcanic ash soils, in: Volcanic Ash Soils. Genesis, Properties and Utilization, edited by: Shoji, S., Nanzyo, M., and Dahlgren, R. A., Developments in Soil Science 21, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 101–143, 1993.
Deloire, A., Vaudour, E., Carey, V., Bonnardot, V., and van Leeuwen, C.: Grapevine responses to terroir: A global approach, J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin, 39, 149–162, 2005.
Duarte Jr., T.: O Vinho do Pico, Coingra Lda, 301 pp., 2001.
Dutt, G., Mielke, E. A., and Wolfe, W. H.: The use of soils for the delineation of viticultural zones in the four corners region, Am. J. Enol. Viticult., 32, 290–296, 1985.
Essenwanger, O. M.: Classification of climates, World Survey of Climatology, General Climatology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 102 pp., 2001.
Florencio, M., Cardoso, P., Lobo, J. M., Azevedo, E. B., and Borges, P. A. V.: Arthropod assemblage homogenization in oceanic islands: the role of indigenous and exotic species under landscape disturbance, Divers. Distrib., 19, 1450–1460, 2013.
Fraga, H., Malheiro, A. C., Moutinho-Pereira, J., Jones, G. V., Alves, F., Pinto, J. G., and Santos, J. A.: Very high resolution bioclimatic zoning of Portuguese wine regions: present and future scenarios, Reg. Environ. Change, 14, 295–306, 2013.
Galet, P.: Précis de viticulture, Montpellier, Déhan, 582 pp., 1993.
Guerreiro, O., Cardoso, P., Ferreira, J. M., Ferreira, M. T., and Borges, P. A. V.: Potential Distribu tion and Cost Estimation of the Damage Caused by Cryptotermes brevis (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) in the Azores, J. Econ. Entomol., 107, 1554–1562, 2014.
Hortal, J., Borges, P. A. V., Jiménez-Valverde, A., Azevedo, E. B., and Silva, L.: Assessing the areas under risk of invasion within islands through potential distribution modelling: the case of Pittosporum undulatum in São Miguel, Azores, J. Nat. Conserv., 18, 247–257, 2010.
Huglin, P. and Schneider, C.: Biologie et Écologie de la Vigne, 370 pp., Lavoisier Tec & Doc, Paris, 1998.
Jiménez-Valverde, A., Diniz, F., Azevedo, E. B., and Borges, P. A. V.: Species distribution models do not account for abundance: the case of arthropods in Terceira Island, Ann. Zool. Fenn., 46, 451–464, 2009.
Jones, G. J., Snead, N., and Nelson, P.: Geology and Wine 8. Modeling viticultural landscapes: A GIS analysis of the terroir potential in the Umpqua valley of Oregon, Geoscience Canada, 31, 167–178, 2004.
Jones, G. V.: Climate and terroir: Impacts of climate variability and change on wine, in: Fine Wine and Terroir – The Geoscience Perspective, edited by: Macqueen, R. W. and Meinert, L. D., Geoscience Canada Reprint Series 9, Geological Association of Canada, 203–216, 2006.
Laville, P.: Unite's de terroir naturel et terroir. Une distinction nécessaire pour redonner plus de cohérence au système d'appellation d'origine, Bull. O.I.V., 745–746, 227–251, 1993.
Madeira, M.: Esboço Pedológico da Ilha da Santa Maria (Açores), Instituto Nacional de Investigação Científica, Lisboa, 68 pp., 1980.
Madeira, M., Pinheiro, J., Monteiro, F., Fonseca, M., and Medina, J.: Características físicas, químicas e mineralógicas dos solos da Ilha do Faial (Arquipélago dos Açores), Revista de Ciências Agrárias, 25, 53–66, 2002.
Madeira, M., Auxtero, E., and Sousa, E.: Cation and anion exchange properties of Andisols from the Azores, Portugal, as determined by the compulsive exchange and the ammonium acetate method, Geoderma, 117, 225–241, 2003.
Madruga, J., Azevedo E. B., J. Sampaio, J., Fernandes G., Pinheiro J., and Madeira, M.: Caracterização de Novas áreas Edafoclimáticas com Potencial para a Cultura da Vinha nos Açores, Congresso "A Vinha nas Regiões Mediterrâneas", Madalena (Pico), 2011.
Mackenzie, D. E. and Christy, A. G.: the Role of soil chemistry in wine grape quality and sustainable soil management in vineyards, Water Sci. Technol., 51, 27–37, 2005.
Madruga, J. S.: Características e Génese do Horizonte Plácico em Solos Vulcânicos do Arquipélago dos Açores, Tese de Doutoramento, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, 1995.
Maeda, T., Takenaka, H., and Warkentin, B. P.: Physical properties of allophane soils, Adv. Agron., 29, 229–264, 1977.
Medina, J. M. B. and Grilo, J. T.: Esboço Pedológico da Ilha Graciosa (Açores), Instituto Nacional de Investigação Científica & Universidade dos Açores, Lisboa, 1981.
Nanzio, M., Shoji, S., and Dahlgren, R.: Physical characteristics of volcanic ash soils, in: Volcanic Ash Soils, Genesis, Properties and Utilization, edited by: Shoji, S., Nanzyo, M., and Dahlgren, R. A., Developments in Soil Science 21, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 189–207, 1993.
Parfitt, R. L.: Towards understanding soil mineralogy: Part III. Notes on allophanes, New Zealand, Soil Bureau Laboratory Report 10A, 1986.
Parfitt, R. L. and Kimble, J.: Conditions for formation of allophane in soils, Soil Sci. Am. J., 53, 971–977, 1989.
Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., and McMahon, T. A.: Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1633–1644, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007, 2007.
Pinheiro, J.: Estudo dos principais tipos de solos da ilha Terceira (Açores), Ph.D. thesis, University of the Azores, Portugal, 212 pp., 1990.
Pinheiro, J.: Caracterização geral dos solos da Ilha Terceira que se enquadram na Ordem Andisols, Anais do Instituto Superior de Agronomia, 47, 99–117, 1999.
Pinheiro, J., Madeira, M., Monteiro, F., and Medina, J.: Características e classificação dos Andossolos da Ilha do Pico (Arquipélago dos Açores), Revista de Ciências Agrárias, 24, 48–60, 2001.
Pinheiro, J., Rodriguez, A., and Salguero, M. T.: Genesis of placic horizon in Andisols from Terceira Island (Azores-Portugal), Catena, 56, 85–94, 2004.
Priori, S., Barbetti, R., L'Abate, G., Bucelli, P., Storchi, P., and Costantini, E. A. C.: Natural terroir units, Siena province, Tuscany, Journal Maps, 10, 466–477, 2014.
Reynolds, A. G., Senchuk, I. V., van der Reest, C., and de Savigny, C.: Use of GPS and GIS for elucidation of the basis for terroir: Spatial variation in an Ontario Riesling vineyard, Am. J. Enol. Viticult., 58, 145–162, 2007.
Ribeiro de Lima, M. T., Kelly, M., Cabanis, M., Cassanas, G., Matos, L., Pinheiro, J., and Blaise, A.: Determination of iron, copper, manganese, and zinc in the soils, grapes and wines of the Azores, J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin, 38, 109–118, 2004.
Ricardo, R. P., Madeira, M., Medina, J. M. B., Marques, M. M., and Furtado, A. F. S.: Esboço pedológico da ilha de S. Miguel (Açores), Anais do Instituto Superior de Agronomia, 37, 275–385, 1977.
Riou, Ch., Becker, N., Sotes Ruiz, V., Gomez-Miguel, V., Carbonneau, A., Panagiotou, M., Calo, A., Costacurta, A., Castro de, R., Pinto, A., Lopes, C., Carneiro, L., and Climaco, P.: Le déterminisme climatique de la maturation du raisin: application au zonage de la teneur em sucre dans la communauté européenne, Office des Publications Officielles des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg, 322 pp., 1994.
Shoji, S., Dahlgren, R., and Nanzyo, M.: Genesis of Volcanic Ash Soils, in: Volcanic Ash Soils – Genesis, Properties and Utilization, Elsevier, Amsterdam – New York – Tokyo, 37–72, 1993.
Soil Survey Staff: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 12th Edn., USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC, 2014.
Tonietto, J. and Carbonneau, A.: A multicriteria climatic classification system for grape-growing regions worldwide, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 124, 81–97, 2004.
Van Leeuwen, G. S.: The Concept of Terroir in Viticulture, Journal of Wine Research, 17, 1–10, 2006.
Van Leeuwen, C. and Seguin, G.: The Concept of Terroir in Viticulture, Journal of Wine Research, 17, 1–10, 2006.
Van Leeuwen, C., Friant, P., Chone, X., Tregoat, O., Koundouras, S., and Dubourdieu, D.: Influence of climate, soil, and cultivar on terroir, Am. J. Enol. Viticult., 55, 207–217, 2004.
Wilson, J. E.: Terroir: The role of geology, climate, and culture in the making of French wines, University of California Press, Berkeley, 336 pp., 1998.
Winkler, A. J., Cook, A. J., Kliewer, W. M., and Lider, L. A.: General Viticulture, 2nd Edn., Univ. of California Press, California, 710 pp., 1974.
Short summary
Vineyards in the Azores have been traditionally settled on lava field terroirs whose workability and trafficability limitations make them presently unsustainable.
A landscape zoning approach based on a GIS analysis, incorporating factors of climate and topography combined with the soil mapping units suitable for viticulture was developed in order to define the most representative land units, providing an overall perspective of the potential for expansion of viticulture in the Azores.
Vineyards in the Azores have been traditionally settled on lava field terroirs whose workability...
