Articles | Volume 7, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-415-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-415-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Nonlinear turnover rates of soil carbon following cultivation of native grasslands and subsequent afforestation of croplands
Guillermo Hernandez-Ramirez
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2R3, Canada
Thomas J. Sauer
USDA-ARS, National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment,
Ames, IA 50011, USA
Yury G. Chendev
Department of Natural Resources Management and Land Cadastre,
Belgorod State University, 85 Pobeda Street, Belgorod 308015, Russia
Alexander N. Gennadiev
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, 119991, Moscow, GSP-1, 1 Leninskiye Gory, Russia
Related authors
Trevor W. Coates, Monzurul Alam, Thomas K. Flesch, and Guillermo Hernandez-Ramirez
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7147–7152, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7147-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A field study tested two footprint models for calculating surface emissions from downwind flux measurements. Emission rates from a 10 × 10 m synthetic source were estimated with the simple Kormann–Meixner model and a sophisticated Lagrangian stochastic model. Both models underestimated emissions by approximately 30 %, and no statistical differences were observed between the models. Footprint models are critically important for interpreting eddy covariance measurements.
Robert F. Grant, Sisi Lin, and Guillermo Hernandez-Ramirez
Biogeosciences, 17, 2021–2039, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2021-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2021-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrification inhibitors (NI) have been shown to reduce emissions of nitrous oxide (N20), a potent greenhouse gas, from fertilizer and manure applied to agricultural fields. However difficulties in measuring N20 emissions limit our ability to estimate these reductions. Here we propose and test a mathematical model that may allow us to estimate these reductions under diverse site conditions. These estimates will be useful in determining emission factors for NI-amended fertilizer and manure.
Trevor W. Coates, Monzurul Alam, Thomas K. Flesch, and Guillermo Hernandez-Ramirez
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7147–7152, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7147-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A field study tested two footprint models for calculating surface emissions from downwind flux measurements. Emission rates from a 10 × 10 m synthetic source were estimated with the simple Kormann–Meixner model and a sophisticated Lagrangian stochastic model. Both models underestimated emissions by approximately 30 %, and no statistical differences were observed between the models. Footprint models are critically important for interpreting eddy covariance measurements.
Robert F. Grant, Sisi Lin, and Guillermo Hernandez-Ramirez
Biogeosciences, 17, 2021–2039, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2021-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2021-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrification inhibitors (NI) have been shown to reduce emissions of nitrous oxide (N20), a potent greenhouse gas, from fertilizer and manure applied to agricultural fields. However difficulties in measuring N20 emissions limit our ability to estimate these reductions. Here we propose and test a mathematical model that may allow us to estimate these reductions under diverse site conditions. These estimates will be useful in determining emission factors for NI-amended fertilizer and manure.
A. Tsibart, A. Gennadiev, T. Koshovskii, and A. Watts
Solid Earth, 5, 1305–1317, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-1305-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-1305-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Soil systems
Evolutionary pathways in soil-landscape evolution models
Effects of environmental factors on the influence of tillage conversion on saturated soil hydraulic conductivity obtained with different methodologies: a global meta-analysis
Assessing soil and land health across two landscapes in eastern Rwanda to inform restoration activities
The effect of soil properties on zinc lability and solubility in soils of Ethiopia – an isotopic dilution study
Comparison of regolith physical and chemical characteristics with geophysical data along a climate and ecological gradient, Chilean Coastal Cordillera (26 to 38° S)
Obtaining more benefits from crop residues as soil amendments by application as chemically heterogeneous mixtures
Modeling soil and landscape evolution – the effect of rainfall and land-use change on soil and landscape patterns
Soil environment grouping system based on spectral, climate, and terrain data: a quantitative branch of soil series
Spatially resolved soil solution chemistry in a central European atmospherically polluted high-elevation catchment
On-farm study reveals positive relationship between gas transport capacity and organic carbon content in arable soil
Soil bacterial community and functional shifts in response to altered snowpack in moist acidic tundra of northern Alaska
Potential for agricultural production on disturbed soils mined for apatite using legumes and beneficial microbe
Zero net livelihood degradation – the quest for a multidimensional protocol to combat desertification
Soil microbial communities following bush removal in a Namibian savanna
Effects of land use changes on the dynamics of selected soil properties in northeast Wellega, Ethiopia
Soil biochemical properties in brown and gray mine soils with and without hydroseeding
Quantifying soil and critical zone variability in a forested catchment through digital soil mapping
W. Marijn van der Meij
SOIL, 8, 381–389, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-381-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-381-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The development of soils and landscapes can be complex due to changes in climate and land use. Computer models are required to simulate this complex development. This research presents a new method to analyze and visualize the results of these models. This is done with the use of evolutionary pathways (EPs), which describe how soil properties change in space and through time. I illustrate the EPs with examples from the field and give recommendations for further use of EPs in soil model studies.
Kaihua Liao, Juan Feng, Xiaoming Lai, and Qing Zhu
SOIL, 8, 309–317, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-309-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-309-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The influence of the conversion from conventional tillage (CT) to conservation tillage (CS; including no tillage, NT, and reduced tillage, RT) on the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) of soils is not well understood and still debated. This study has demonstrated that quantifying the effects of tillage conversion on soil Ksat needed to consider experimental conditions, especially the measurement technique and conversion period.
Leigh Ann Winowiecki, Aida Bargués-Tobella, Athanase Mukuralinda, Providence Mujawamariya, Elisée Bahati Ntawuhiganayo, Alex Billy Mugayi, Susan Chomba, and Tor-Gunnar Vågen
SOIL, 7, 767–783, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-767-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-767-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Achieving global restoration targets requires scaling of context-specific restoration options on the ground. We implemented the Land Degradation Surveillance Framework in Rwanda to assess indicators of soil and land health, including soil organic carbon (SOC), erosion prevalence, infiltration capacity, and tree biodiversity. Maps of soil erosion and SOC were produced at 30 m resolution with high accuracy. These data provide a rigorous biophysical baseline for tracking changes over time.
Abdul-Wahab Mossa, Dawd Gashu, Martin R. Broadley, Sarah J. Dunham, Steve P. McGrath, Elizabeth H. Bailey, and Scott D. Young
SOIL, 7, 255–268, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-255-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-255-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Zinc deficiency is a widespread nutritional problem in human populations, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Crop Zn depends in part on soil Zn. The Zn status of soils from the Amahara region, Ethiopia, was quantified by measuring pseudo-total, available, soluble and isotopically exchangeable Zn, and soil geochemical properties were assessed. Widespread phyto-available Zn deficiency was observed. The results could be used to improve agronomic interventions to tackle Zn deficiency in SSA.
Mirjam Schaller, Igor Dal Bo, Todd A. Ehlers, Anja Klotzsche, Reinhard Drews, Juan Pablo Fuentes Espoz, and Jan van der Kruk
SOIL, 6, 629–647, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-629-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-629-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study geophysical observations from ground-penetrating radar with pedolith physical and geochemical properties from pedons excavated in four study areas of the climate and ecological gradient in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera are combined. Findings suggest that profiles with ground-penetrating radar along hillslopes can be used to infer lateral thickness variations in pedolith horizons and to some degree physical and chemical variations with depth.
Marijke Struijk, Andrew P. Whitmore, Simon R. Mortimer, and Tom Sizmur
SOIL, 6, 467–481, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-467-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-467-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Crop residues are widely available on-farm resources containing carbon and nutrients, but, as soil amendments, their decomposition does not always benefit the soil. We applied mixtures of crop residues that are chemically different from each other and found significantly increased soil organic matter and available nitrogen levels. Applying crop residue mixtures has practical implications involving the removal, mixing and reapplication rather than simply returning crop residues to soils in situ.
W. Marijn van der Meij, Arnaud J. A. M. Temme, Jakob Wallinga, and Michael Sommer
SOIL, 6, 337–358, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-337-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-337-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a model to simulate long-term development of soils and landscapes under varying rainfall and land-use conditions to quantify the temporal variation of soil patterns. In natural landscapes, rainfall amount was the dominant factor influencing soil variation, while for agricultural landscapes, landscape position became the dominant factor due to tillage erosion. Our model shows potential for simulating past and future developments of soils in various landscapes and climates.
Andre Carnieletto Dotto, Jose A. M. Demattê, Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel, and Rodnei Rizzo
SOIL, 6, 163–177, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-163-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-163-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The objective of this study was to develop a soil grouping system based on spectral, climate, and terrain variables with the aim of developing a quantitative way to classify soils. To derive the new system, we applied the above-mentioned variables using cluster analysis and defined eight groups or "soil environment groupings" (SEGs). The SEG system facilitated the identification of groups with similar characteristics using not only soil but also environmental variables for their distinction.
Daniel A. Petrash, Frantisek Buzek, Martin Novak, Bohuslava Cejkova, Pavel Kram, Tomas Chuman, Jan Curik, Frantisek Veselovsky, Marketa Stepanova, Oldrich Myska, Pavla Holeckova, and Leona Bohdalkova
SOIL, 5, 205–221, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-205-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-205-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Some 30 years after peak pollution-related soil acidification occurred in central Europe, the forest ecosystem of a small V-shaped mountain valley, UDL, was still out of chemical balance relative to the concurrent loads of anions and cations in precipitation. The spatial variability in soil solution chemistry provided evidence pointing to substrate variability, C and P bioavailability, and landscape as major controls on base metal leaching toward the subsoil level in N-saturated catchments.
Tino Colombi, Florian Walder, Lucie Büchi, Marlies Sommer, Kexing Liu, Johan Six, Marcel G. A. van der Heijden, Raphaël Charles, and Thomas Keller
SOIL, 5, 91–105, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-91-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-91-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The role of soil aeration in carbon sequestration in arable soils has only been explored little, especially at the farm level. The current study, which was conducted on 30 fields that belong to individual farms, reveals a positive relationship between soil gas transport capability and soil organic carbon content. We therefore conclude that soil aeration needs to be accounted for when developing strategies for carbon sequestration in arable soil.
Michael P. Ricketts, Rachel S. Poretsky, Jeffrey M. Welker, and Miquel A. Gonzalez-Meler
SOIL, 2, 459–474, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-459-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-459-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Soil microbial communities play a key role in the cycling of carbon (C) in Arctic tundra ecosystems through decomposition of organic matter (OM). Climate change predictions include increased temperature and snow accumulation, resulting in altered plant communities and soil conditions. To determine how soil bacteria may respond, we sequenced soil DNA from a long-term snow depth treatment gradient in Alaska. Results indicate that bacteria produce less OM-degrading enzymes under deeper snowpack.
Rebecca Swift, Liza Parkinson, Thomas Edwards, Regina Carr, Jen McComb, Graham W. O'Hara, Giles E. St. John Hardy, Lambert Bräu, and John Howieson
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-33, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2016-33, 2016
Preprint retracted
Marcos H. Easdale
SOIL, 2, 129–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-129-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-129-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Zero Net Land Degradation (ZNLD) was proposed as a new global protocol to combat desertification. This framework aims at reducing the rate of global land degradation and increasing the rate of restoration of already degraded land. However, there is a narrow focus on land and soil, while an essential human dimension to the sustainability of drylands is lacking and should be more adequately tackled. I propose a complementary perspective based on the sustainable livelihood approach.
Jeffrey S. Buyer, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Matti Nghikembua, Jude E. Maul, and Laurie Marker
SOIL, 2, 101–110, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-101-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-101-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Savannas represent most of the world’s livestock grazing land and are suffering worldwide from bush encroachment and desertification. We studied soil under bush and grass in a bush-encroached savanna in Namibia. With bush removal, there were significant changes in soil chemistry and microbial community structure, but these changes gradually diminished with time. Our results indicate that the ecosystem can substantially recover over a time period of approximately 10 years following bush removal.
Alemayehu Adugna and Assefa Abegaz
SOIL, 2, 63–70, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-63-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-63-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The purpose of our study was to explore the effects of land use changes on the dynamics of soil properties and their implications for land degradation. The result indicates that cultivated land has a lower organic matter, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, pH, and exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents than forestland and grazing land.
C. Thomas, A. Sexstone, and J. Skousen
SOIL, 1, 621–629, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-621-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-621-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Surface coal mining disrupts large areas of land and eliminates valuable hardwood forests. Restoring the land to a sustainable forest ecosystem with suitable soils is the goal of reclamation. Soil microbial activity is an indicator of restoration success. We found hydroseeding with herbaceous forage species and fertilization doubled tree growth and microbial biomass carbon (an indicator of microbial activity) compared to non-hydroseed areas. Hydroseeding is an important component of reclamation.
M. Holleran, M. Levi, and C. Rasmussen
SOIL, 1, 47–64, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-47-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-47-2015, 2015
Cited articles
Amadi, C. C., Van Rees, K. C. J., and Farrell, R. E.: Greenhouse gas mitigation
potential of shelterbelts: Estimating farm-scale emission reductions using
the Holos model, Can. J. Soil Sci., 97, 353–367,
https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2016-0017, 2016
Arrouays, D., Balesdent, J., Mariotti, A., and Girardin, C.: Modelling
organic carbon turnover in cleared temperate forest soils converted to maize
cropping by using 13C natural abundance measurements, Plant Soil, 173,
191–196, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00011455, 1995.
Chendev, Y. G., Burras, C. L., and Sauer, T. J.: Transformation of forest soils
in Iowa (United States) under the impact of long-term agricultural
development, Eurasian Soil Sci., 45, 357–367,
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229312040035, 2012.
Chendev, Y. G., Novykh, L. L., Sauer, T. J., Petin, A. N., Zazdravnykh, E. A.,
and Burras, C. L.: Evolution of soil carbon storage and morphometric
properties of afforested soils in the US Great Plains, Soil Carbon, 47, 475–482,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_7, 2014.
Chendev, Y. G., Sauer, T. J., Gennadiev, A. N., Novykh, L. L., Petin, A. N., and
Petina, V. I.: Accumulation of organic carbon in chernozems (Mollisols) under
shelterbelts in Russia and the United States, Eurasian Soil Sci., 48,
43–53, 2015a.
Chendev, Y. G., Sauer, T. J., Hernandez-Ramirez, G., and Burras, C. L.: History
of East European chernozem soil degradation: protection and restoration by
tree windbreaks in the Russian steppe, Sustainability, 7, 705–724,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su7010705, 2015b.
Chendev, Y. G., Gennadiev, A. N., Lukin, S. V., Sauer, T. J., Zazdravnykh, E. A.,
Belevantsev, V. G., and Smirnova, M. A.: Change of Forest-Steppe Chernozems
under the Influence of Shelterbelts in the South of the Central Russian
Upland, Eurasian Soil Sci., 53, 1033–1045,
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229320080037, 2020.
Collins, H. P., Blevins, R. L., Bundy, L. G., Christenson, D. R., Dick, W. A.,
Huggins, D. R., and Paul, E. A.: Soil carbon dynamics in corn-based
agroecosystems: Results from carbon-13 natural abundance, Soil Sci. Soc. Am.
J., 63, 584–591, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300030022x, 1999.
Curtin, D., Beare, M. H., Scott, C. L., Hernandez-Ramirez, G., and Meenken,
E. D.: Mineralization of soil carbon and nitrogen following physical
disturbance: a laboratory assessment, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 78, 925–935,
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0510, 2014.
Deng, Q., Cheng, X., Yang, Y., Zhang, Q., and Luo, Y.: Carbon-nitrogen
interactions during afforestation in central China, Soil Biol. Biochem., 69,
119–122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.10.053, 2014.
Dhillon, G. S. and Van Rees, K. C. J.: Soil organic carbon sequestration by
shelterbelt agroforestry systems in Saskatchewan, Can. J. Soil Sci., 97,
394–409, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2016-0094, 2017.
Follett, R., Paul, E., Leavitt, S., Halvorson, A., Lyon, D., and Peterson,
G.: Carbon isotope ratios of Great Plains soils and in wheat-fallow systems,
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 61, 1068–1077, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100040012x, 1997.
Garten, C. T.: Soil carbon storage beneath recently established tree
plantations in Tennessee and South Carolina, USA, Biomass Bioenerg., 23,
93–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00033-8, 2002.
Gregorich, E. G., Janzen, H., Ellert, B. H., Helgason, B. L., Qian, B.,
Zebarth, B. J., Angers, D. A., Beyaert, R. P., Drury, C. F., Duguid, S. D., and
May, W. E.: Litter decay controlled by temperature, not soil properties,
affecting future soil carbon, Glob. Change Biol., 23, 1725–1734, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13502, 2017.
Guenette, K. G. and Hernandez-Ramirez, G.: Tracking the influence of
controlled traffic regimes on field scale soil variability and geospatial
modeling techniques, Geoderma, 328, 66–78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.04.026, 2018.
Guo, L. B. and Gifford, R. M.: Soil carbon stocks and land use change: a meta
analysis, Glob. Change Biol., 8, 345–360,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00486.x, 2002
Hebb, C., Schoderbek, D., Hernandez-Ramirez, G., Hewins D., Carlyle, C. N.,
and Bork, E.: Soil physical quality varies among contrasting land uses in
Northern Prairie regions, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 240, 14–23,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.02.008, 2017
Hernandez-Ramirez, G., Brouder, S. M., Smith, D. R., and Van Scoyoc, G. E.:
Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in an Eastern Corn Belt soil: N source and
rotation, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 73, 128–137,
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0381, 2009.
Hernandez-Ramirez, G., Sauer, T. J., Cambardella, C. A., Brandle, J. R., and
James, D. E.: Carbon sources and dynamics in afforested and cultivated Corn
Belt soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 75, 216–225,
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0114, 2011.
Hernandez-Ramirez, G., Trabue, S. L., Sauer, T. J., Pfeiffer, R. L., and Tyndall,
J. C.: Odor mitigation with tree buffers: swine production case study, Agr.
Ecosyst. Environ., 149, 154–163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.12.002, 2012.
Hu, Y., Zeng, D., Chang, S., and Mao, R.: Dynamics of soil and root C stocks
following afforestation of croplands with poplars in a semi-arid region in
northeast China, Plant Soil, 368, 619–627,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1539-2, 2013.
Huggins, D. R., Clapp, C. E., Allmaras, R. R., Lamb, J. A., and Layese, M. F.:
Carbon dynamics in corn–soybean sequences as estimated from natural
carbon-13 abundance, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 62, 195–203, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200010026x, 1998.
Jastrow, J. D.: Soil aggregate formation and the accrual of particulate and
mineral-associated organic matter, Soil Biol. Biochem., 28, 665–676,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(95)00159-X, 1996.
Khaleel, A. A., Sauer, T. J., and Tyndall, J. C.: Changes in deep soil organic
carbon and soil properties beneath tree windbreak plantings in the US Great
Plains, Agroforest. Syst., 94, 565–581, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-019-00425-0, 2020.
Kiani, M., Hernandez-Ramirez, G., Quideau, S., Smith, E., Janzen, H., Larney,
F., and Puurveen, D.: Quantifying sensitive soil quality indicators across
contrasting long-term land management systems: crop rotations and nutrient
regimes, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 248, 123–135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.07.018, 2017.
Kiani, M., Hernandez-Ramirez, G., and Quideau, S.: Spatial variation of soil
quality indicators as a function of land use and topography, Can. J. Soil
Sci., 100, 463–478, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2019-0163,
2020.
Laganiere, J., Angers, D. A., and Pare, D.: Carbon accumulation in
agricultural soils after afforestation: a meta-analysis, Glob. Change
Biol., 16, 439–453, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01930.x, 2010.
Li, D., Niu, S., and Luo, Y.: Global patterns of the dynamics of soil carbon
and nitrogen stocks following afforestation: A meta-analysis, New Phytol.,
195, 172–181, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04150.x,
2012.
Li, J.C., Hernandez-Ramirez, G., Kiani, M., Quideau, S., Smith, E., Janzen,
H., Larney, F., and Puurveen, D.: Soil organic matter dynamics in long-term
temperate agroecosystems: rotation and nutrient addition effects, Can.
J. Soil Sci., 98, 232–245, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2017-0127, 2018.
Martin, A., Mariotti, A., Balesdent, J., Lavelle, P., and Vuattoux, R.:
Estimate of organic matter turnover rate in a savannah soil by 13C natural
abundance, Soil Biol. Biochem., 22, 517–523, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(90)90188-6, 1990.
Mary, B., Clivot, H., Blaszczyk, N., Labreuche, J., and Ferchaud. F.: Soil
carbon storage and mineralization rates are affected by carbon inputs rather
than physical disturbance: evidence from a 47-year tillage experiment,
Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 299, 1069723, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.106972, 2020.
Mellor, N. J., Hellerich, J., Drijber, R., Morris, S. J., Stromberger, M. E.,
and Paul, E. A.: Changes in ecosystem carbon following afforestation of
native sand prairie, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 77, 1613–1624, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0327, 2013.
Parry, M., Parry, M. L., Canziani, O., Palutikof, J., Van der Linden, P., and
Hanson, C.: Climate change 2007-impacts, adaptation and vulnerability:
Working group II contribution to the fourth assessment report of the IPCC,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2007.
Paul, K. I., Polglase, P. J., Nyakuengama, J. G., and Khanna, P. K.: Change in
soil carbon following afforestation, Forest Ecol. Manag., 168, 241–257,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00740-X, 2002.
Paustian, K., Parton, W. J., and Persson J.: Modeling soil organic matter in
organic-amended and N-fertilized long-term plots, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 56,
476–488, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600020023x, 1992.
Post, W. M. and Kwon, K. C.: Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change:
processes and potential, Glob. Change Biol., 6, 317–327, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00308.x, 2000.
Quesada, C. A., Paz, C., Oblitas Mendoza, E., Phillips, O. L., Saiz, G., and
Lloyd, J.: Variations in soil chemical and physical properties explain
basin-wide Amazon forest soil carbon concentrations, Soil, 6, 53–88,
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-53-2020, 2020.
Richter, D. D., Markewitz, D., Trumbore, S. A., and Wells, C. G.: Rapid
accumulation and turnover of soil carbon in a re-establishing forest,
Nature, 400, 56–58, https://doi.org/10.1038/21867, 1999.
Sauer, T. J., Cambardella, C. A., and Brandle, J. R.: Soil carbon and tree
litter dynamics in a red cedar–Scotch pine shelterbelt, Agroforest. Syst., 71,
163–174, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-007-9072-7, 2007.
Sauer, T. J., James, D. E., Cambardella, C. A., and Hernandez-Ramirez, G.: Soil
properties following reforestation or afforestation of marginal cropland,
Plant Soil, 360, 375–390, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1258-8, 2012.
Thilakarathna, S. K. and Hernandez-Ramirez, G.: How does Management Legacy,
Nitrogen Addition and Nitrification Inhibition Impact Soil Organic Matter
Priming and Nitrous Oxide Production?, J. Environ. Qual., 50, 78–93,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20168, 2021.
Wang, F., Zhu, W., and Chen, H.: Changes of soil C stocks and stability
after 70-year afforestation in the Northeast USA, Plant Soil, 401, 319–329,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2755-3, 2016.
Xiong, X., Zhang, H. L., Deng, Q., Hui, D. F., Chu, G.W., Meng, Z., Zhou,
G. Y., and Zhang, D. Q.: Soil organic carbon turnover following forest
restoration in south China: Evidence from carbon isotopes, Forest Ecol.
Manag., 462, 117988, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.117988, 2020.
Zhang, Q. Y., Jia, X. X., Wei, X. R., Shao, M. A., Li, T. C., and Yu, Q.: Total
soil organic carbon increases but becomes more labile after afforestation in
China's Loess Plateau, Forest Ecol. Manag, 461, 117911,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.117911, 2020.
Short summary
We evaluated how sequestration of soil carbon changes over the long term after converting native grasslands into croplands and also from annual cropping into trees. Soil carbon was reduced by cropping but increased with tree planting. This decrease in carbon storage with annual cropping happened over centuries, while trees increase soil carbon over just a few decades. Growing trees in long-term croplands emerged as a climate-change-mitigating action, effective even within a person’s lifetime.
We evaluated how sequestration of soil carbon changes over the long term after converting native...