Articles | Volume 8, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-85-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-85-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Original research article
| 
08 Feb 2022
Original research article |
| 08 Feb 2022
| 08 Feb 2022
An underground, wireless, open-source, low-cost system for monitoring oxygen, temperature, and soil moisture
Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California,
Davis, 95616 CA, USA
Yonatan Ganot
Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University,
Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
Gail Taylor
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
Peter Freer-Smith
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 4LH, UK
Kosana Suvocarev
Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California,
Davis, 95616 CA, USA
Helen E. Dahlke
Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California,
Davis, 95616 CA, USA
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Cited
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Advancing “Autonomous” sensing and prediction of the subsurface environment: a review and exploration of the challenges for soil and groundwater contamination G. Davis et al. 10.1007/s11356-022-25125-8
- Multi-Hop LoRa-based underground network for monitoring soil moisture in agriculture R. Cotrim et al. 10.1016/j.compag.2024.109592
- Prospects and challenges of sensor materials: A comprehensive review N. Hossain et al. 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100496
- A Survey of Wireless Soil Sensing Technologies Y. Xu et al. 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3352006
- Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting for Underground Sensor Nodes: Possibilities and Challenges E. Mahenge et al. 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3380372
- Technical note: An open-source, low-cost system for continuous monitoring of low nitrate concentrations in soil and open water S. Bulusu et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3007-2024
- Role of AI and IoT in Advancing Renewable Energy Use in Agriculture M. Morkūnas et al. 10.3390/en17235984
- A Wireless Underground Sensor Network Field Pilot for Agriculture and Ecology: Soil Moisture Mapping Using Signal Attenuation S. Balivada et al. 10.3390/s22103913
- A Comprehensive Review on Sensor Materials, Sensing Mechanism and their Applications D. Kamble et al. 10.14233/ajchem.2025.33666
- Current Status and Prospects of Research on Sensor Fault Diagnosis of Agricultural Internet of Things X. Zou et al. 10.3390/s23052528
- Open-source Internet of Things (IoT)-based air pollution monitoring system with protective case for tropical environments E. Collado et al. 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00560
- Multi-Channel Assessment Policies for Energy-Efficient Data Transmission in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks R. Soundararajan et al. 10.3390/en16052285
- Internet of Underground Things in Agriculture 4.0: Challenges, Applications and Perspectives C. Cariou et al. 10.3390/s23084058
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Advancing “Autonomous” sensing and prediction of the subsurface environment: a review and exploration of the challenges for soil and groundwater contamination G. Davis et al. 10.1007/s11356-022-25125-8
- Multi-Hop LoRa-based underground network for monitoring soil moisture in agriculture R. Cotrim et al. 10.1016/j.compag.2024.109592
- Prospects and challenges of sensor materials: A comprehensive review N. Hossain et al. 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100496
- A Survey of Wireless Soil Sensing Technologies Y. Xu et al. 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3352006
- Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting for Underground Sensor Nodes: Possibilities and Challenges E. Mahenge et al. 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3380372
- Technical note: An open-source, low-cost system for continuous monitoring of low nitrate concentrations in soil and open water S. Bulusu et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3007-2024
- Role of AI and IoT in Advancing Renewable Energy Use in Agriculture M. Morkūnas et al. 10.3390/en17235984
- A Wireless Underground Sensor Network Field Pilot for Agriculture and Ecology: Soil Moisture Mapping Using Signal Attenuation S. Balivada et al. 10.3390/s22103913
- A Comprehensive Review on Sensor Materials, Sensing Mechanism and their Applications D. Kamble et al. 10.14233/ajchem.2025.33666
- Current Status and Prospects of Research on Sensor Fault Diagnosis of Agricultural Internet of Things X. Zou et al. 10.3390/s23052528
- Open-source Internet of Things (IoT)-based air pollution monitoring system with protective case for tropical environments E. Collado et al. 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00560
- Multi-Channel Assessment Policies for Energy-Efficient Data Transmission in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks R. Soundararajan et al. 10.3390/en16052285
- Internet of Underground Things in Agriculture 4.0: Challenges, Applications and Perspectives C. Cariou et al. 10.3390/s23084058
Latest update: 18 Jul 2025
Short summary
Do-it-yourself hardware is a new approach for improving measurement resolution in research. Here we present a new low-cost, wireless underground sensor network for soil monitoring. All data logging, power, and communication component cost is USD 150, much cheaper than other available commercial solutions. We provide the complete building guide to reduce any technical barriers, which we hope will allow easier reproducibility and open new environmental monitoring applications.
Do-it-yourself hardware is a new approach for improving measurement resolution in research. Here...
