Articles | Volume 6, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-53-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-53-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Variations in soil chemical and physical properties explain basin-wide Amazon forest soil carbon concentrations
Carlos Alberto Quesada
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Cx. Postal
2223 – CEP 69080-971, Brazil
Claudia Paz
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Cx. Postal
2223 – CEP 69080-971, Brazil
Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Ecologia, CEP
15506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
Erick Oblitas Mendoza
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Cx. Postal
2223 – CEP 69080-971, Brazil
Oliver Lawrence Phillips
School of Geography, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
Gustavo Saiz
Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park
Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción,
Concepción, Chile
Jon Lloyd
Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park
Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
School of Tropical and Marine Sciences and Centre for Terrestrial
Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns,
4870, Queensland, Australia
Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e
Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14040-901, Bairro
Monte Alegre , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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- Tradeoffs and Synergies in Tropical Forest Root Traits and Dynamics for Nutrient and Water Acquisition: Field and Modeling Advances D. Cusack et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.704469
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- Well-managed grass is a key strategy for carbon storage and stabilization in anthropized Amazon soils S. Tenelli et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123742
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- Geological Influence on Selected Soil Physicochemical Properties and Carbon-Nitrogen Stocks in Granito-Gneissic Basement and Sedimentary Basins of Gabon R. Mabicka Obame et al. https://doi.org/10.63095/NBSEH.26.103256
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- Relationships between Organic Matter and Bulk Density in Amazonian Peatland Soils B. Crnobrna et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912070
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- Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks following forest conversion to long-term pasture in Amazon rainforest-Cerrado transition environment L. Zeferino et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107346
- Materials‐Based Approach for Enhanced Soil Carbon (C) Sequestration V. Perumalsamy et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202510943
- Rainfall-driven dissolved reactive phosphorus pulses: identifying landscape vulnerabilities for eutrophication control under climate variability K. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae00e0
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- The evolution of ecological specialization underlies plant endemism in the Atlantic Forest E. Nery et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad029
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64 citations as recorded by crossref.
- An evolutionary constraint between reproduction and growth in a clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae) E. Nery et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boaf105
- Opportunities and challenges of sequential extraction of silicon in contrasting soils M. Stein et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1721752
- Hierarchical feedbacks of vegetation and soil carbon pools to climate constraints in Brazilian ecosystems I. Souza et al. https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210079
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- Changes of Soil Carbon Driven by Soil Water and Carbon Fixing Microbe under Different Wetland Use in Songnen Plain, China Y. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-026-02070-7
- Soil geochemistry – and not topography – as a major driver of carbon allocation, stocks, and dynamics in forests and soils of African tropical montane ecosystems B. Bukombe et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18469
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- Tradeoffs and Synergies in Tropical Forest Root Traits and Dynamics for Nutrient and Water Acquisition: Field and Modeling Advances D. Cusack et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.704469
- Land-use change and deep-soil carbon distribution on the Brazilian Amazon-Cerrado agricultural frontier G. Popin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2024.109451
- Heterotrophic soil respiration and carbon cycling in geochemically distinct African tropical forest soils B. Bukombe et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-639-2021
- The effect of land degradation and restoration on particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105322
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- GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN A YELLOW LATOSOL UNDER AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT IN PARAGOMINAS-PA R. De Oliveira Junior et al. https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n1-117
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- Understanding how management can prevent degradation of the structurally fragile soils of the Amazonian periphery J. Freitas Nunes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2023.127037
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- Estimation of 137Cs activity on cultivated land for erosion studies in the upper citarum watershed: a physicochemical soil properties approach T. Bachtiar et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-024-09943-3
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- Well-managed grass is a key strategy for carbon storage and stabilization in anthropized Amazon soils S. Tenelli et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123742
- Functional soil microbes drive soil phosphorus fractions in response to nitrogen addition across aggregate levels J. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1671863
- Temperature effects on carbon storage are controlled by soil stabilisation capacities I. Hartley et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27101-1
- Research advances in mechanisms of climate change impacts on soil organic carbon dynamics Y. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acfa12
- Fine Root and Soil Organic Carbon Depth Distributions are Inversely Related Across Fertility and Rainfall Gradients in Lowland Tropical Forests D. Cusack & B. Turner https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00569-6
- Ancient fires enhance Amazon forest drought resistance L. Vedovato et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1024101
- Decoupled cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in a grassland soil along a hillslope mediated by clay and soil moisture B. Bicharanloo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106648
- National-scale spatial variations of soil phosphorus retention capacity in Brazil J. Barbosa et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2022.103271
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- One thousand soils for molecular understanding of belowground carbon cycling M. Bowman et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1120425
- Root Characteristics Vary with Depth Across Four Lowland Seasonal Tropical Forests A. Cordeiro et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-024-00941-w
- Intra‐annual dynamics of soil and microbial C, N, and P pools in a Central Amazon Terra Firme forest K. Schaap et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202300107
- Labile potassium dependency and limited buffering capacity in highly weathered loamy and clay soils of Southwest Australia revealed by Q/I isotherms and K release M. Cheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117618
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- The limited effect of deforestation on stabilized subsoil organic carbon in a subtropical catchment C. Müller et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-349-2024
- Systematic review on carbon and biodiversity in forest ecosystems of Amazonia D. Mehta et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-14751-7
- Geochemical signature identifying features and archaeological structures in eastern Amazonian Terra Preta sites M. Hosn et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12977
- Land-use controls on soil organic carbon dynamics across Amazonian ecosystems, Brazil G. Tiruneh et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-43978-8
- Modeling soil organic carbon in the Brazilian amazon with geostatistical and machine learning techniques G. Tiruneh et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101150
- Relationships between Organic Matter and Bulk Density in Amazonian Peatland Soils B. Crnobrna et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912070
- The role of geochemistry in organic carbon stabilization against microbial decomposition in tropical rainforest soils M. Reichenbach et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-453-2021
- Content of soil organic carbon and labile fractions depend on local combinations of mineral-phase characteristics M. Ortner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-113-2022
- Simple ecological indicators benchmark regeneration success of Amazonian forests A. Giles et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01949-9
- Local scale carbon stock measurements, including deep soil layers, in a terra firme forest in northwestern Amazon A. Duque et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467424000270
- Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks following forest conversion to long-term pasture in Amazon rainforest-Cerrado transition environment L. Zeferino et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107346
- Materials‐Based Approach for Enhanced Soil Carbon (C) Sequestration V. Perumalsamy et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202510943
- Rainfall-driven dissolved reactive phosphorus pulses: identifying landscape vulnerabilities for eutrophication control under climate variability K. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae00e0
- Seasonal dynamics of chemical soil properties under native Brazil-nut (Bertholletia Excelsa) groves in the Tapajós National Forest, brazilian Amazon R. Oliveira Junior et al. https://doi.org/10.54033/cadpedv23n1-216
- The evolution of ecological specialization underlies plant endemism in the Atlantic Forest E. Nery et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad029
- Artisanal mining of monazite and cassiterite in the Amazon: Potential risks of rare earth elements for the environment and human health P. da Costa Alves Filho et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-024-01964-8
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 05 Jun 2026
Short summary
Amazon soils hold as much carbon (C) as is contained in the vegetation. In this work we sampled soils across 8 different Amazonian countries to try to understand which soil properties control current Amazonian soil C concentrations. We confirm previous knowledge that highly developed soils hold C through clay content interactions but also show a previously unreported mechanism of soil C stabilization in the younger Amazonian soil types which hold C through aluminium organic matter interactions.
Amazon soils hold as much carbon (C) as is contained in the vegetation. In this work we sampled...