Articles | Volume 4, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-37-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-37-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Original research article
| 
05 Feb 2018
Original research article |
| 05 Feb 2018
| 05 Feb 2018
How serious a problem is subsoil compaction in the Netherlands? A survey based on probability sampling
Biometris, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
Jan J. H. van den Akker
Alterra, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 32, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Cited
33 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Long-term impacts of repeated cover cropping and cultivation approaches on subsoil physical properties J. Martlew et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2023.105761
- Seismic signatures reveal persistence of soil compaction A. Romero‐Ruiz et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20140
- Impact of Compaction on Soil Properties, Plant Growth and Yield Potential: A Critical Approach for Sustainable Crop Production System T. Akhter et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41403-026-00576-4
- Within-Field Spatial Variations in Subsoil Bulk Density Related to Crop Yield and CO2 and N2O Emissions P. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3924284
- A Soil Physical Assessment Over Three Successive Burned and Unburned Sugarcane Annual Harvests P. Ortiz et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-022-01136-0
- Combining simulations and field experiments: Effects of subsoiling angle and tillage depth on soil structure and energy requirements K. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2023.108323
- Mapping Topsoil Behavior to Compaction at National Scale from an Analysis of Field Observations A. Richer-de-Forges et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13071014
- Root-restricting layers in German agricultural soils. Part I: extent and cause F. Schneider & A. Don https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04185-9
- Slurry Spreading on a Silt Loam Soil: Influence of Tyre Inflation Pressure, Number of Passages, Machinery Choice and Tillage Method on Physical Soil Quality and Sugar Beet Growth A. Vanderhasselt et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11060913
- Modelling changes in soil structure caused by livestock treading A. Romero-Ruiz et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116331
- Present state of soil structure: A comparison of cropland and grassland soils in North Germany C. Wiermann et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2025.106681
- Historical increase in agricultural machinery weights enhanced soil stress levels and adversely affected soil functioning T. Keller et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104293
- Within-field spatial variations in subsoil bulk density related to crop yield and potential CO2 and N2O emissions P. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106156
- Analysis of the Impact of Soil Compaction on the Environment and Agricultural Economic Losses in Lithuania and Ukraine A. Zabrodskyi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147762
- A Circularity Evaluation of New Feed Categories in The Netherlands—Squaring the Circle: A Review D. Puente-Rodríguez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042352
- STUDIES ON SOIL STRESS VIA COMPUTER SIMULATION: IMPACT OF TIRE INFLATION PRESSURE R. LIMA et al. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v45nespe120240169/2025
- Three-dimensional numerical model of stress-displacement relationship induced by sugarcane harvest vehicles R. da Silva et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.110508
- Mapping soil compaction – A review A. Alaoui & E. Diserens https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2018.05.003
- Soil Physical Indicators of a Sugarcane Field Subjected to Successive Mechanised Harvests K. Jimenez et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-020-00916-w
- Subsoil drilling with air injection enhances fodder beet yield in Sandy soil M. Ali et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01075
- HESS Opinions: Floods and droughts – are land use, soil management, and landscape hydrology more significant drivers than increasing CO2? K. Auerswald et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2185-2025
- Evaluation of Tire Footprint in Soil Using an Innovative 3D Scanning Method W. Ptak et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030514
- Construction of modern wide, low-inflation pressure tyres per se does not affect soil stress L. ten Damme et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104708
- Effects of road- vs. field-recommended tyre inflation pressures and small variations in soil moisture content on traffic-induced soil compaction during seedbed preparation A. Vanderhasselt et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2024.106109
- Revealing Topsoil Behavior to Compaction from Mining Field Observations A. Richer-de-Forges et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13070909
- Eigen-Entropy: A metric for multivariate sampling decisions J. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2022.11.023
- Application of Computational Intelligence Methods in Agricultural Soil–Machine Interaction: A Review C. Badgujar et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020357
- Soil Compaction Prevention, Amelioration and Alleviation Measures Are Effective in Mechanized and Smallholder Agriculture: A Meta-Analysis P. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11050645
- Compressive properties and least limiting water range of plough layer and plough pan in sugarcane fields R. de Lima et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12601
- Dynamics and consequences of compaction process in agricultural soil under vehicular loading – High-sampling-rate measurements and structural analyses S. Kulju et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2026.107139
- Practical Implications of the Availability of Multiple Measurements to Classify Agricultural Soil Compaction: A Case-Study in The Netherlands T. Van Orsouw et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071669
- A GLUE-based assessment of WaTEM/SEDEM for simulating soil erosion, transport, and deposition in soil conservation optimised agricultural watersheds K. Seufferheld et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-12-301-2026
- Erosion Quantification in Runoff Agriculture Plots by Multitemporal High-Resolution UAS Digital Photogrammetry S. Arriola-Valverde et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2020.3027880
33 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Long-term impacts of repeated cover cropping and cultivation approaches on subsoil physical properties J. Martlew et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2023.105761
- Seismic signatures reveal persistence of soil compaction A. Romero‐Ruiz et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20140
- Impact of Compaction on Soil Properties, Plant Growth and Yield Potential: A Critical Approach for Sustainable Crop Production System T. Akhter et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41403-026-00576-4
- Within-Field Spatial Variations in Subsoil Bulk Density Related to Crop Yield and CO2 and N2O Emissions P. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3924284
- A Soil Physical Assessment Over Three Successive Burned and Unburned Sugarcane Annual Harvests P. Ortiz et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-022-01136-0
- Combining simulations and field experiments: Effects of subsoiling angle and tillage depth on soil structure and energy requirements K. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2023.108323
- Mapping Topsoil Behavior to Compaction at National Scale from an Analysis of Field Observations A. Richer-de-Forges et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13071014
- Root-restricting layers in German agricultural soils. Part I: extent and cause F. Schneider & A. Don https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04185-9
- Slurry Spreading on a Silt Loam Soil: Influence of Tyre Inflation Pressure, Number of Passages, Machinery Choice and Tillage Method on Physical Soil Quality and Sugar Beet Growth A. Vanderhasselt et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11060913
- Modelling changes in soil structure caused by livestock treading A. Romero-Ruiz et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116331
- Present state of soil structure: A comparison of cropland and grassland soils in North Germany C. Wiermann et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2025.106681
- Historical increase in agricultural machinery weights enhanced soil stress levels and adversely affected soil functioning T. Keller et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104293
- Within-field spatial variations in subsoil bulk density related to crop yield and potential CO2 and N2O emissions P. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106156
- Analysis of the Impact of Soil Compaction on the Environment and Agricultural Economic Losses in Lithuania and Ukraine A. Zabrodskyi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147762
- A Circularity Evaluation of New Feed Categories in The Netherlands—Squaring the Circle: A Review D. Puente-Rodríguez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042352
- STUDIES ON SOIL STRESS VIA COMPUTER SIMULATION: IMPACT OF TIRE INFLATION PRESSURE R. LIMA et al. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v45nespe120240169/2025
- Three-dimensional numerical model of stress-displacement relationship induced by sugarcane harvest vehicles R. da Silva et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.110508
- Mapping soil compaction – A review A. Alaoui & E. Diserens https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2018.05.003
- Soil Physical Indicators of a Sugarcane Field Subjected to Successive Mechanised Harvests K. Jimenez et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-020-00916-w
- Subsoil drilling with air injection enhances fodder beet yield in Sandy soil M. Ali et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01075
- HESS Opinions: Floods and droughts – are land use, soil management, and landscape hydrology more significant drivers than increasing CO2? K. Auerswald et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2185-2025
- Evaluation of Tire Footprint in Soil Using an Innovative 3D Scanning Method W. Ptak et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030514
- Construction of modern wide, low-inflation pressure tyres per se does not affect soil stress L. ten Damme et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104708
- Effects of road- vs. field-recommended tyre inflation pressures and small variations in soil moisture content on traffic-induced soil compaction during seedbed preparation A. Vanderhasselt et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2024.106109
- Revealing Topsoil Behavior to Compaction from Mining Field Observations A. Richer-de-Forges et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13070909
- Eigen-Entropy: A metric for multivariate sampling decisions J. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2022.11.023
- Application of Computational Intelligence Methods in Agricultural Soil–Machine Interaction: A Review C. Badgujar et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020357
- Soil Compaction Prevention, Amelioration and Alleviation Measures Are Effective in Mechanized and Smallholder Agriculture: A Meta-Analysis P. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11050645
- Compressive properties and least limiting water range of plough layer and plough pan in sugarcane fields R. de Lima et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12601
- Dynamics and consequences of compaction process in agricultural soil under vehicular loading – High-sampling-rate measurements and structural analyses S. Kulju et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2026.107139
- Practical Implications of the Availability of Multiple Measurements to Classify Agricultural Soil Compaction: A Case-Study in The Netherlands T. Van Orsouw et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071669
- A GLUE-based assessment of WaTEM/SEDEM for simulating soil erosion, transport, and deposition in soil conservation optimised agricultural watersheds K. Seufferheld et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-12-301-2026
- Erosion Quantification in Runoff Agriculture Plots by Multitemporal High-Resolution UAS Digital Photogrammetry S. Arriola-Valverde et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2020.3027880
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 17 Jun 2026
Short summary
Subsoil compaction is an important soil threat. It is caused by heavy machines used in agriculture. The aim of this study was to estimate how large the area with overcompacted subsoils is in the Netherlands. This was done by selecting locations randomly and determining the porosity and bulk density of the soil at these locations. It appeared that 43 % of the soils in the Netherlands is overcompacted, and so we conclude that subsoil compaction is indeed a serious problem in the Netherlands.
Subsoil compaction is an important soil threat. It is caused by heavy machines used in...
