Articles | Volume 12, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-12-1057-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-12-1057-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Limited effect of basalt amendment and mycorrhizal inoculation on soil chemical properties and maize growth on a nutrient-rich soil
Lucilla Boito
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Biobased Sustainability Engineering (SUSTAIN), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
Jet Rijnders
Biobased Sustainability Engineering (SUSTAIN), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
Laura Steinwidder
Biobased Sustainability Engineering (SUSTAIN), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
Patrick Frings
Earth Surface Geochemistry, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Arthur Vienne
Biobased Sustainability Engineering (SUSTAIN), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
Mirthe Maes
Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
Erik Verbruggen
Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
Biobased Sustainability Engineering (SUSTAIN), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
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SOIL, 12, 421–440, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-12-421-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-12-421-2026, 2026
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Our study explores Enhanced Weathering (EW) using basalt rock dust to combat climate change. We treated maize-planted mesocosms with varying basalt amounts and monitored them for 101 d. Surprisingly, we found no significant realized inorganic CO2 removal. However, rock weathering was evident through increased exchangeable bases. While inorganic CO2 removal was not realized within this experiment, basalt amendment may enhance soil health and potentially long-term carbon sequestration.
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Crushed volcanic rock has been proposed as a way to remove carbon dioxide from the air while improving soil quality. We tested this idea by growing maize in soil with and without the rock and with earthworms. The rock raised soil nutrients, and earthworms boosted these effects. Plant growth stayed similar, but some metals built up in roots. This approach could support farming and climate goals, yet food safety risks must be managed.
Arthur Vienne, Patrick Frings, Jet Rijnders, Lucilla Boito, Jens Hartmann, Harun Niron, Reinaldy Poetra, Miguel Portillo Estrada, Tom Reershemius, Laura Steinwidder, Tim Jesper Suhrhoff, and Sara Vicca
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Our study explores Enhanced Weathering (EW) using basalt rock dust to combat climate change. We treated maize-planted mesocosms with varying basalt amounts and monitored them for 101 d. Surprisingly, we found no significant realized inorganic CO2 removal. However, rock weathering was evident through increased exchangeable bases. While inorganic CO2 removal was not realized within this experiment, basalt amendment may enhance soil health and potentially long-term carbon sequestration.
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We explored whether adding crushed volcanic rock and charcoal to soil could help store inorganic carbon, improve plant growth and reduce harmful metals in crops. The crushed rock did not increase plant growth or inorganic carbon in soil and nutrients released from the rock may have moved into other stable soil forms rather than forming carbonates. In contrast, charcoal improved plant growth and reduced metal uptake. Using both rocks and charcoal together offered no extra observable benefits.
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Crushed volcanic rock has been proposed as a way to remove carbon dioxide from the air while improving soil quality. We tested this idea by growing maize in soil with and without the rock and with earthworms. The rock raised soil nutrients, and earthworms boosted these effects. Plant growth stayed similar, but some metals built up in roots. This approach could support farming and climate goals, yet food safety risks must be managed.
Jelle Bijma, Mathilde Hagens, Jens S. Hammes, Noah Planavsky, Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann, Tom Reershemius, Christopher T. Reinhard, Phil Renforth, Tim J. Suhrhoff, Sara Vicca, Arthur Vienne, and Dieter Wolf-Gladrow
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Camiel Aggenbach, Tjorven Hinzke, Juergen Kreyling, Rudy van Diggelen, Willem-Jan Emsens, Jan Frouz, Izabela Jaszczuk, Agata Klimkowska, Wiktor Kotowski, Łukasz Kozub, Yvonne Liczner, Eugeniusz Pronin, Elke Seeber, Erik Verbruggen, Hanna Silvennoinen, and Franziska Tanneberger
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Jens S. Hammes, Jens Hartmann, Johannes A. C. Barth, Tobias Linke, Ingrid Smet, Mathilde Hagens, Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann, Tom Reershemius, Bruno Casimiro, Arthur Vienne, Anna A. Stoeckel, Ralf Steffens, and Dirk Paessler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5402, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5402, 2025
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To test enhanced weathering's efficacy, we ran a two-year greenhouse study under warm, wet conditions, comparing several rock additives across farm soils. We tracked alkalinity and cation soil pools. Soil type was decisive: acidic, low-buffer soils exported more additional alkalinity, while alkaline or pH neutral soils retained it in cation pools. The results point to where enhanced weathering can deliver durable carbon removal and underscore the need for long, well-controlled trials.
Charlotte Läuchli, Nestor Gaviria-Lugo, Anne Bernhardt, Hella Wittmann, Patrick J. Frings, Mahyar Mohtadi, Andreas Lückge, and Dirk Sachse
Clim. Past, 21, 2083–2113, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2083-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2083-2025, 2025
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Jet Rijnders, Arthur Vienne, and Sara Vicca
Biogeosciences, 22, 2803–2829, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2803-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2803-2025, 2025
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A mesocosm experiment was set up to investigate how maize responds to the application of basalt, concrete fines, and steel slag, using a dose–response approach. Biomass increased with basalt application but did not change with concrete fines or steel slag, except for increased tassel biomass. Mg, Ca, and Si generally increased in the crops, whereas toxic trace elements remained unaffected or even decreased in the plants. Overall, crops were positively affected by the application of silicate materials.
Nestor Gaviria-Lugo, Charlotte Läuchli, Hella Wittmann, Anne Bernhardt, Patrick Frings, Mahyar Mohtadi, Oliver Rach, and Dirk Sachse
Biogeosciences, 20, 4433–4453, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4433-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4433-2023, 2023
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We analyzed how leaf wax hydrogen isotopes in continental and marine sediments respond to climate along one of the strongest aridity gradients in the world, from hyperarid to humid, along Chile. We found that under extreme aridity, the relationship between hydrogen isotopes in waxes and climate is non-linear, suggesting that we should be careful when reconstructing past hydrological changes using leaf wax hydrogen isotopes so as to avoid overestimating how much the climate has changed.
Niel Verbrigghe, Niki I. W. Leblans, Bjarni D. Sigurdsson, Sara Vicca, Chao Fang, Lucia Fuchslueger, Jennifer L. Soong, James T. Weedon, Christopher Poeplau, Cristina Ariza-Carricondo, Michael Bahn, Bertrand Guenet, Per Gundersen, Gunnhildur E. Gunnarsdóttir, Thomas Kätterer, Zhanfeng Liu, Marja Maljanen, Sara Marañón-Jiménez, Kathiravan Meeran, Edda S. Oddsdóttir, Ivika Ostonen, Josep Peñuelas, Andreas Richter, Jordi Sardans, Páll Sigurðsson, Margaret S. Torn, Peter M. Van Bodegom, Erik Verbruggen, Tom W. N. Walker, Håkan Wallander, and Ivan A. Janssens
Biogeosciences, 19, 3381–3393, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3381-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3381-2022, 2022
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In subarctic grassland on a geothermal warming gradient, we found large reductions in topsoil carbon stocks, with carbon stocks linearly declining with warming intensity. Most importantly, however, we observed that soil carbon stocks stabilised within 5 years of warming and remained unaffected by warming thereafter, even after > 50 years of warming. Moreover, in contrast to the large topsoil carbon losses, subsoil carbon stocks remained unaffected after > 50 years of soil warming.
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Biogeosciences, 19, 2353–2364, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, 2022
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Zea mays grows in mesocosms with different soil nutrition levels. At low phosphorus (P) availability, leaf physiological activity initially decreased strongly. P stress decreased over the season. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis increased over the season. AMF symbiosis is most likely responsible for gradual reduction in P stress.
Lore T. Verryckt, Sara Vicca, Leandro Van Langenhove, Clément Stahl, Dolores Asensio, Ifigenia Urbina, Romà Ogaya, Joan Llusià, Oriol Grau, Guille Peguero, Albert Gargallo-Garriga, Elodie A. Courtois, Olga Margalef, Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Philippe Ciais, Michael Obersteiner, Lucia Fuchslueger, Laynara F. Lugli, Pere-Roc Fernandez-Garberí, Helena Vallicrosa, Melanie Verlinden, Christian Ranits, Pieter Vermeir, Sabrina Coste, Erik Verbruggen, Laëtitia Bréchet, Jordi Sardans, Jérôme Chave, Josep Peñuelas, and Ivan A. Janssens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5-2022, 2022
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We provide a comprehensive dataset of vertical profiles of photosynthesis and important leaf traits, including leaf N and P concentrations, from two 3-year, large-scale nutrient addition experiments conducted in two tropical rainforests in French Guiana. These data present a unique source of information to further improve model representations of the roles of N and P, and other leaf nutrients, in photosynthesis in tropical forests.
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Short summary
We explored whether adding basalt and beneficial fungi to soil could improve soil health and crop growth. Basalt improved soil chemistry, confirming its role as a soil improver, while the fungi had little effect. Crop yield remained unchanged, showing that benefits depend on soil type. Our study helps clarify how soil amendments work and when they may support farming and climate solutions.
We explored whether adding basalt and beneficial fungi to soil could improve soil health and...
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