the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 03 Dec 2021
Dynamic and migration characteristics of soil free amino acids during the whole growth period of rice after application of milk vetch
Abstract. Free amino acids (FAAs) in soil play an important role in the soil nitrogen cycle and plant nutrition. However, the attributing factors and migration characteristics of free amino acid pools in paddy soils after green manure application during the entire growth period of rice have not been elucidated. In this study, a single application of chemical fertilizer (CK) was used as a control under equal nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium conditions, and different application rates of milk vetch (15 000 kghm−2(CL), 30 000 kghm−2(CM) and 45 000 kg hm−2(CH)) were selected to investigate the dynamic of FAAs concentration and composition in paddy soil. Soil FAAs concentration at different growth stages under the same fertilization treatments was highest at the seedling stage and lowest at the tillering stage. The concentration of threonine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine was most abundant under different fertilization treatments during the growth period, accounting for 59.42 %–76.46 % of the respective FAAs pool. The application of milk vetch was shown to increase the soil FAAs concentration, especially glutamic acid, which increased by 368.17 %–680.78 %, but excessive application had an inhibitory effect. Soil pH, organic matter, protease, bacterial biomass and community were critical factors affecting the concentration of soil FAAs. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Nitrospirae significantly affected the dynamics of FAAs in bacterial communities, and their total contribution rate was 56.89 %. FAAs displayed significant vertical profile characteristics, and the mobility of serine, glycine and proline was high. Conclusively, the application of milk vetch was able to significantly change the concentration and composition of soil FAAs, which may affect the capture of N by plants.
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RC1: 'Comment on soil-2021-130', Anonymous Referee #1, 08 Feb 2022
General comments:
The paper showed an experiment to study the fate of free amino acids in a paddy soil, considering the bacterial communities structure fluctuations during different plant growth stages. The study of free aminoacids in soil to understand their impact on N dynamics in soil could be very interesting for soil scientists to have information about the microbial activities and organic input can alterate the N cycle processes and this information could help to achieve information on N dynamics in soil. Unfortunately the paper showed problems in the text, in particular many information about the methods used are absent or incomplete in Materials and methods, and the presentation of results and the discussion are poor. The authors in many cases did not support the methods proposed or their statements by references. Specific comments:
Specific comments:
Materials and methods
The materials and methods requires a deep revision. The application of Chinese milk vetch in soil and the fertilization are not clear and many information are absent: e.g. the soil sampling methods for 20-40 cm and 40-60cm were not described, the method for free amino acids extraction is not clearly described or any references were not reported. The free amino acids extraction and quantification is the core of the paper, therefore it's important to include the details about the method you used to quantify the FAA in soil.
It’s not clear if the authors performed the plasmid extraction, the protocol used is not well described and however the benefit to include this analysis is not explained.
In results section the authors reports some soil parameters (e.g. pH, SOM, urease, protease, bacterial biomass), but the protocols they used are not reported in materials and methods.
In Statistical analysis the authors could support the structural equation model analysis by appropriate references and I suggest including a description of the method to permit the reproducibility.
Results
The description of FAA result is not sufficiently clear. The authors should indicate the statistical significant differences (by ANOVA) between CK and each different treatment to highlight the effect of different treatment. The description of the trend of FAA under different treatment during the different plant growth stages could help the reader to understand the information provided by the experiment. Morever, I suggest in legend of figure 1 including the description of different treatment acronyms.
The authors should better describe the results reported in PCA plot. Moreover, the authors should explain why in the PCA plot are reported 8 dots: how many replicates in the experiment? The authors should consider the fertilization effect, too.
A correlation between soil parameters and free amino acids by a structural equation model analysis was measured but the model and the coefficients they used are not clearly described and not supported by references.
Discussion
The discussion section is not well supported by appropriate references in particular regarding the fate of free amino acids in soil. Moreover, the link between the presence of amino acids and bacterial communities is not well discussed and the potential impact of plant roots in the dynamics (degradation, transport, rhizodeposition and so on) are neglected. The bacterial communities (by 16sRNA) but not the fungal communities are analyzed, but the authors declared that the degradation and production of free amino acids are affected by microbial communities, including the fungal community. The authors could justify their choice in discussion section.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-130-RC1 - AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Shihe Xing, 08 Mar 2022
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RC2: 'Comment on soil-2021-130', Anonymous Referee #2, 15 Feb 2022
The manuscript “Dynamic and migration characteristics of soil free amino acids during the whole growth period of rice after application of milk vetch” is an interesting study about free amino acids in a paddy soil, taking into consideration the bacterial communities structure fluctuations during different plant growth stages. However, the manuscript should be improved before publication especially the material and methods section and the statistical analysis. In fact, many details are missing, which makes the work more complicated to understand and makes it difficult to permit the reproducibility. Below, some examples of points to modify.
L135: please describe the method.
L140: how many replicates?
L141: “another part” can you please precise the sentence. Quantity?
L147: please add °C.
Fig. 4: statistical analyses are missing.
Fig. 6: statistical analyses are missing.
Fig.5: please add the p-values.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-130-RC2 - AC1: 'Reply on RC2', Shihe Xing, 08 Mar 2022
Status: closed
-
RC1: 'Comment on soil-2021-130', Anonymous Referee #1, 08 Feb 2022
General comments:
The paper showed an experiment to study the fate of free amino acids in a paddy soil, considering the bacterial communities structure fluctuations during different plant growth stages. The study of free aminoacids in soil to understand their impact on N dynamics in soil could be very interesting for soil scientists to have information about the microbial activities and organic input can alterate the N cycle processes and this information could help to achieve information on N dynamics in soil. Unfortunately the paper showed problems in the text, in particular many information about the methods used are absent or incomplete in Materials and methods, and the presentation of results and the discussion are poor. The authors in many cases did not support the methods proposed or their statements by references. Specific comments:
Specific comments:
Materials and methods
The materials and methods requires a deep revision. The application of Chinese milk vetch in soil and the fertilization are not clear and many information are absent: e.g. the soil sampling methods for 20-40 cm and 40-60cm were not described, the method for free amino acids extraction is not clearly described or any references were not reported. The free amino acids extraction and quantification is the core of the paper, therefore it's important to include the details about the method you used to quantify the FAA in soil.
It’s not clear if the authors performed the plasmid extraction, the protocol used is not well described and however the benefit to include this analysis is not explained.
In results section the authors reports some soil parameters (e.g. pH, SOM, urease, protease, bacterial biomass), but the protocols they used are not reported in materials and methods.
In Statistical analysis the authors could support the structural equation model analysis by appropriate references and I suggest including a description of the method to permit the reproducibility.
Results
The description of FAA result is not sufficiently clear. The authors should indicate the statistical significant differences (by ANOVA) between CK and each different treatment to highlight the effect of different treatment. The description of the trend of FAA under different treatment during the different plant growth stages could help the reader to understand the information provided by the experiment. Morever, I suggest in legend of figure 1 including the description of different treatment acronyms.
The authors should better describe the results reported in PCA plot. Moreover, the authors should explain why in the PCA plot are reported 8 dots: how many replicates in the experiment? The authors should consider the fertilization effect, too.
A correlation between soil parameters and free amino acids by a structural equation model analysis was measured but the model and the coefficients they used are not clearly described and not supported by references.
Discussion
The discussion section is not well supported by appropriate references in particular regarding the fate of free amino acids in soil. Moreover, the link between the presence of amino acids and bacterial communities is not well discussed and the potential impact of plant roots in the dynamics (degradation, transport, rhizodeposition and so on) are neglected. The bacterial communities (by 16sRNA) but not the fungal communities are analyzed, but the authors declared that the degradation and production of free amino acids are affected by microbial communities, including the fungal community. The authors could justify their choice in discussion section.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-130-RC1 - AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Shihe Xing, 08 Mar 2022
-
RC2: 'Comment on soil-2021-130', Anonymous Referee #2, 15 Feb 2022
The manuscript “Dynamic and migration characteristics of soil free amino acids during the whole growth period of rice after application of milk vetch” is an interesting study about free amino acids in a paddy soil, taking into consideration the bacterial communities structure fluctuations during different plant growth stages. However, the manuscript should be improved before publication especially the material and methods section and the statistical analysis. In fact, many details are missing, which makes the work more complicated to understand and makes it difficult to permit the reproducibility. Below, some examples of points to modify.
L135: please describe the method.
L140: how many replicates?
L141: “another part” can you please precise the sentence. Quantity?
L147: please add °C.
Fig. 4: statistical analyses are missing.
Fig. 6: statistical analyses are missing.
Fig.5: please add the p-values.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-130-RC2 - AC1: 'Reply on RC2', Shihe Xing, 08 Mar 2022
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