Articles | Volume 10, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-167-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-167-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Mineral dust and pedogenesis in the alpine critical zone
Department of Earth & Climate Sciences, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA
Abigail A. Santis
Department of Earth & Climate Sciences, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA
Elsa J. Soderstrom
Department of Earth & Climate Sciences, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA
Michael J. Tappa
Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Ann M. Bauer
Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Related authors
Jeffrey S. Munroe and Alexander L. Handwerger
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 543–557, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-543-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-543-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Rock glaciers are mixtures of ice and rock debris that are common landforms in high-mountain environments. We evaluated the role of rock glaciers as a component of mountain hydrology by collecting water samples during the summer and fall of 2021. Our results indicate that the water draining from rock glaciers late in the melt season is likely derived from old buried ice; they further demonstrate that this water collectively makes up about a quarter of streamflow during the month of September.
George Brencher, Alexander L. Handwerger, and Jeffrey S. Munroe
The Cryosphere, 15, 4823–4844, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4823-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4823-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use satellite InSAR to inventory and monitor rock glaciers, frozen bodies of ice and rock debris that are an important water resource in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA. Our inventory contains 205 rock glaciers, which occur within a narrow elevation band and deform at 1.94 cm yr-1 on average. Uinta rock glacier movement changes seasonally and appears to be driven by spring snowmelt. The role of rock glaciers as a perennial water resource is threatened by ice loss due to climate change.
Cody C. Routson, Darrell S. Kaufman, Nicholas P. McKay, Michael P. Erb, Stéphanie H. Arcusa, Kendrick J. Brown, Matthew E. Kirby, Jeremiah P. Marsicek, R. Scott Anderson, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Jessica R. Rodysill, Matthew S. Lachniet, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Joseph R. Bennett, Michelle F. Goman, Sarah E. Metcalfe, Jennifer M. Galloway, Gerrit Schoups, David B. Wahl, Jesse L. Morris, Francisca Staines-Urías, Andria Dawson, Bryan N. Shuman, Daniel G. Gavin, Jeffrey S. Munroe, and Brian F. Cumming
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1613–1632, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1613-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1613-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a curated database of western North American Holocene paleoclimate records, which have been screened on length, resolution, and geochronology. The database gathers paleoclimate time series that reflect temperature, hydroclimate, or circulation features from terrestrial and marine sites, spanning a region from Mexico to Alaska. This publicly accessible collection will facilitate a broad range of paleoclimate inquiry.
Jeffrey S. Munroe
The Cryosphere, 15, 863–881, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-863-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-863-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated a cave in Utah (USA) that contains a deposit of perennial ice. Such ice caves are important sources of information about past climate and are currently threatened by rising temperatures. The origin (precipitation), thickness (3 m), and age (several centuries) of the ice were constrained by a variety of methods. Liquid water recently entered the cave for the first time in many years, suggesting a destabilization of the cave environment.
Jeffrey S. Munroe and Alexander L. Handwerger
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 543–557, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-543-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-543-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Rock glaciers are mixtures of ice and rock debris that are common landforms in high-mountain environments. We evaluated the role of rock glaciers as a component of mountain hydrology by collecting water samples during the summer and fall of 2021. Our results indicate that the water draining from rock glaciers late in the melt season is likely derived from old buried ice; they further demonstrate that this water collectively makes up about a quarter of streamflow during the month of September.
George Brencher, Alexander L. Handwerger, and Jeffrey S. Munroe
The Cryosphere, 15, 4823–4844, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4823-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4823-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use satellite InSAR to inventory and monitor rock glaciers, frozen bodies of ice and rock debris that are an important water resource in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA. Our inventory contains 205 rock glaciers, which occur within a narrow elevation band and deform at 1.94 cm yr-1 on average. Uinta rock glacier movement changes seasonally and appears to be driven by spring snowmelt. The role of rock glaciers as a perennial water resource is threatened by ice loss due to climate change.
Cody C. Routson, Darrell S. Kaufman, Nicholas P. McKay, Michael P. Erb, Stéphanie H. Arcusa, Kendrick J. Brown, Matthew E. Kirby, Jeremiah P. Marsicek, R. Scott Anderson, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Jessica R. Rodysill, Matthew S. Lachniet, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Joseph R. Bennett, Michelle F. Goman, Sarah E. Metcalfe, Jennifer M. Galloway, Gerrit Schoups, David B. Wahl, Jesse L. Morris, Francisca Staines-Urías, Andria Dawson, Bryan N. Shuman, Daniel G. Gavin, Jeffrey S. Munroe, and Brian F. Cumming
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1613–1632, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1613-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1613-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a curated database of western North American Holocene paleoclimate records, which have been screened on length, resolution, and geochronology. The database gathers paleoclimate time series that reflect temperature, hydroclimate, or circulation features from terrestrial and marine sites, spanning a region from Mexico to Alaska. This publicly accessible collection will facilitate a broad range of paleoclimate inquiry.
Jeffrey S. Munroe
The Cryosphere, 15, 863–881, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-863-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-863-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated a cave in Utah (USA) that contains a deposit of perennial ice. Such ice caves are important sources of information about past climate and are currently threatened by rising temperatures. The origin (precipitation), thickness (3 m), and age (several centuries) of the ice were constrained by a variety of methods. Liquid water recently entered the cave for the first time in many years, suggesting a destabilization of the cave environment.
Cited articles
Aciego, S. M., Riebe, C. S., Hart, S. C., Blakowski, M. A., Carey, C. J., Aarons, S. M., Dove, N. C., Botthoff, J. K., Sims, K. W. W., and Aronson, E. L.: Dust outpaces bedrock in nutrient supply to montane forest ecosystems, Nat. Commun., 8, 14800, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14800, 2017.
Arcusa, S. H., McKay, N. P., Routson, C. C., and Munoz, S. E.: Dust-drought interactions over the last 15 000 years: A network of lake sediment records from the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, Holocene, 30, 559–574, 2020.
Arvin, L. J., Riebe, C. S., Aciego, S. M., and Blakowski, M. A.: Global patterns of dust and bedrock nutrient supply to montane ecosystems, Sci. Adv., 3, eaao1588, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683619875192, 2017.
Belnap, J.: Surface disturbances: Their role in accelerating desertification, Environ. Monit. Assess., 37, 39–57, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00546879, 1995.
Birkeland, P. W., Shroba, R. R., Burns, S. F., Price, A. B., and Tonkin, P. J.: Integrating soils and geomorphology in mountains – an example from the Front Range of Colorado, Geomorphology, 55, 329–344, 2003.
Bockheim, J., Munroe, J., Douglass, D., and Koerner, D.: Soil development along an elevational gradient in the southeastern Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA, Catena, 39, 169–185, 2000.
Brantley, S. L., Goldhaber, M. B., and Ragnarsdottir, K. V.: Crossing disciplines and scales to understand the critical zone, Elements, 3, 307–314, 2007.
Capo, R. C., Stewart, B. W., and Chadwick, O. A.: Strontium isotopes as tracers of ecosystem processes: theory and methods, Geoderma, 82, 197–225, 1998.
Catt, J. A.: The agricultural importance of loess, Earth-Sci. Rev., 54, 213–229, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(01)00049-6, 2001.
Cayan, D. R., Das, T., Pierce, D. W., Barnett, T. P., Tyree, M., and Gershunov, A.: Future dryness in the southwest US and the hydrology of the early 21st century drought, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 21271–21276, 2010.
Colville, E. J., Carlson, A. E., Beard, B. L., Hatfield, R. G., Stoner, J. S., Reyes, A. V., and Ullman, D. J.: Sr-Nd-Pb Isotope Evidence for Ice-Sheet Presence on Southern Greenland During the Last Interglacial, Science, 333, 620–623, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1204673, 2011.
Cook, B. I., Ault, T. R., and Smerdon, J. E.: Unprecedented 21st century drought risk in the American Southwest and Central Plains, Science Advances, 1, e1400082, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400082, 2015.
Crouvi, O., Pelletier, J. D., and Rasmussen, C.: Predicting the thickness and aeolian fraction of soils in upland watersheds of the Mojave Desert, Geoderma, 195, 94–110, 2013.
Cunningham, C. G., Rowley, P. D., Steven, T. A., and Rye, R. O.: Geologic evolution and mineral resources of the Marysvale volcanicfield, west-Central Utah, edited by: Willis, G. C., Hylland, M. D., Clark, D. L., and Chidsey, T. C., Central Utah, diverse geology of adynamic landscape, 36, 143–162, Utah Geological Association Publication, 2007.
Dahms, D. E.: Mineralogical evidence for eolian contribution to soils of late Quaternary moraines, Wind River Mountains, Wyoming, USA, Geoderma, 59, 175–196, 1993.
Derry, L. A. and Chadwick, O. A.: Contributions from Earth's atmosphere to soil, Elements, 3, 333–338, 2007.
Dixon, J. C. and Thorn, C. E.: Chemical weathering and landscape development in mid-latitude alpine environments, Geomorphology, 67, 127–145, 2005.
Duniway, M. C., Pfennigwerth, A. A., Fick, S. E., Nauman, T. W., Belnap, J., and Barger, N. N.: Wind erosion and dust from US drylands: a review of causes, consequences, and solutions in a changing world, Ecosphere, 10, e02650, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.265, 2019.
Faure, G.: Principles and applications of geochemistry, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, ISBN 0-02-336450-5, 1997.
Ferrier, K. L., Kirchner, J. W., and Finkel, R. C.: Estimating millennial-scale rates of dust incorporation into eroding hillslope regolith using cosmogenic nuclides and immobile weathering tracers, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 116, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF001991, 2011.
Grashey-Jansen, S., Korch, O., Beck, C., Friedmann, A., Bernhard, R., and Dubitzky, C.: Aeolian influenced soil sites in consideration of atmospheric circulation types–a case study in the alpine zone of the Zugspitzplatt (Northern Calcareous Alps, Germany), Journal of Geology, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, 2, 11–19, 2014.
Graustein, W. C. and Armstrong, R. L.: The use of strontium-87/strontium-86 ratios to measure atmospheric transport into forested watersheds, Science, 219, 289–292, 1983.
Greilinger, M. and Kasper-Giebl, A.: Saharan Dust Records and Its Impact in the European Alps, in: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science, edited by: von Storch, H., Oxford University Press, https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.827, 2021.
Hagedorn, F., Mulder, J., and Jandl, R.: Mountain soils under a changing climate and land-use, Biogeochemistry, 97, 1–5, 2010.
Heindel, R. C., Putman, A. L., Murphy, S. F., Repert, D. A., and Hinckley, E.-L. S.: Atmospheric Dust Deposition Varies by Season and Elevation in the Colorado Front Range, USA, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 125, e2019JF005436, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JF005436, 2020.
Hirmas, D. R. and Graham, R. C.: Pedogenesis and soil-geomorphic relationships in an arid mountain range, Mojave Desert, California, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 75, 192–206, 2011.
Holmgren, G. G. S., Meyer, M. W., Chaney, R. L., and Daniels, R. B.: Cadmium, lead, zinc, copper, and nickel in agricultural soils of the United States of America, Wiley Online Library, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200020015, 1993.
Hose, R. K. and Blake Jr., M. C.: Geology and Mineral Resources of White Pine County, Nevada, Part 1. Geology: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 85, 1–35, map scale 1:250,000, 1976.
Huggett, R. J.: Soil landscape systems: a model of soil genesis, Geoderma, 13, 1–22, 1975.
Hunt, C. B. and Waters, A. C.: Structural and igneous geology of the La Sal Mountains, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 294-I, 305–364, 1958.
Jenny, H.: Factors of soil formation: a system of quantitative pedology, McGraw-Hill, New York, ISBN 13 978-0486681283, 1983.
Jochum, K. P., Weis, U., Schwager, B., Stoll, B., Wilson, S. A., Haug, G. H., Andreae, M. O., and Enzweiler, J.: Reference Values Following ISO Guidelines for Frequently Requested Rock Reference Materials, Geostand. Geoanal. Res., 40, 333–350, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2015.00392.x, 2016.
Johnston, S. W.: The influence of aeolian dust deposits on alpine soils in south-eastern Australia, Soil Res., 39, 81–88, https://doi.org/10.1071/sr99121, 2001.
Küfmann, C.: Soil types and eolian dust in high-mountainous karst of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Zugspitzplatt, Wetterstein Mountains, Germany), Catena, 53, 211–227, 2003.
Lawrence, C. R. and Neff, J. C.: The contemporary physical and chemical flux of aeolian dust; a synthesis of direct measurements of dust deposition, Chem. Geol., 267, 46–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.02.005, 2009.
Lawrence, C. R., Painter, T. H., Landry, C. C., and Neff, J. C.: Contemporary geochemical composition and flux of aeolian dust to the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, United States, J. Geophys. Res., 115, G03007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG001077, 2010.
Lawrence, C. R., Neff, J. C., and Farmer, Gl.: The accretion of aeolian dust in soils of the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, USA, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 116, F02013, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001899, 2011.
Lawrence, C. R., Reynolds, R. L., Ketterer, M. E., and Neff, J. C.: Aeolian controls of soil geochemistry and weathering fluxes in high-elevation ecosystems of the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 107, 27–46, 2013.
Lin, Y.-C. and Feng, J.-L.: Aeolian dust contribution to the formation of alpine soils at Amdo (Northern Tibetan Plateau), Geoderma, 259–260, 104–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.05.012, 2015.
Litaor, M. I.: The influence of eolian dust on the genesis of alpine soils in the Front Range, Colorado, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 51, 142–147, 1987.
Litherland, M. M. and Klemperer, S. L.: Crustal structure of the Ruby Mountains metamorphic core complex, Nevada, from passive seismic imaging, Geosphere, 13, 1506–1523, 2017.
Mason, J. A. and Jacobs, P. M.: Chemical and particle-size evidence for addition of fine dust to soils of the midwestern United States, Geology, 26, 1135–1138, 1998.
Miller, D. M.: Structural geology of the northern Albion Mountains, Geol. Soc. Am. Mem., 153, 399–423, 1980.
Moser, K. A., Mordecai, J. S., Reynolds, R. L., Rosenbaum, J. G., and Ketterer, M. E.: Diatom changes in two Uinta mountain lakes, Utah, USA: responses to anthropogenic and natural atmospheric inputs, Hydrobiologia, 648, 91–108, 2010.
Muhs, D. R. and Benedict, J. B.: Eolian additions to late Quaternary alpine soils, Indian Peaks Wilderness Area, Colorado Front Range, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 38, 120–130, 2006.
Munroe, J. S.: Properties of modern dust accumulating in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA, and implications for the regional dust system of the Rocky Mountains, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 39, 1979–1988, 2014.
Munroe, J. S.: Relation between regional drought and mountain dust deposition revealed by a 10 year record from an alpine critical zone, Sci. Total Environ., 844, 156999, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156999, 2022.
Munroe, J. S.: Data from the DUST∧2 Project, Collectors DUST-1 through DUST-18, winter 2021–22 and summer 2022, https://doi.org/10.26022/IEDA/113001 (last access: 14 February 2024a.
Munroe, J. S.: Data from the DUST∧2 Project, Soil and Rock from Collectors DUST-11 through DUST-16, https://doi.org/10.26022/IEDA/113002 (last access: 14 February 2024b.
Munroe, J. S.: Data from the DUST∧2 Project, Collectors DUST-1 through DUST-17, winter 2020-21 and summer 2021, https://doi.org/10.26022/IEDA/112309 (last access: 14 February 2024c.
Munroe, J. S., Attwood, E. C., O'Keefe, S. S., and Quackenbush, P. J.: Eolian deposition in the alpine zone of the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA, Catena, 124, 119–129, 2015.
Munroe, J. S., Norris, E. D., Olson, P. M., Ryan, P. C., Tappa, M. J., and Beard, B. L.: Quantifying the contribution of dust to alpine soils in the periglacial zone of the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA, Geoderma, 378, 114631, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114631, 2020.
Munroe, J. S., McElroy, R., O'Keefe, S., Peters, A., and Wasson, L.: Holocene records of eolian dust deposition from high-elevation lakes in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA, J. Quaternary Sci., 36, 66–75, 2021a.
Munroe, J. S., Ryan, P. C., and Proctor, A.: Pedogenic clay formation from allochthonous parent materials in a periglacial alpine critical zone, Catena, 203, 105324, 2021b.
Munroe, J. S., Soderstrom, E. J., Kluetmeier, C. L., Tappa, M. J., Mallia, D. V., and Bauer, A. M.: Regional sources control dust in the mountain critical zone of the Great Basin and Rocky Mountains, USA, Environ. Res. Lett., 18, 104034, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acfb26, 2023.
Nakamura, N.: Determination of REE, Ba, Fe, Mg, Na and K in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 38, 757–775, 1974.
Neff, J. C., Ballantyne, A. P., Farmer, G. L., Mahowald, N. M., Conroy, J. L., Landry, C. C., Overpeck, J. T., Painter, T. H., Lawrence, C. R., and Reynolds, R. L.: Increasing eolian dust deposition in the western United States linked to human activity, Nat. Geosci., 1, 189–195, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo133, 2008.
Nesbitt, Hw. and Young, G. M.: Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites, Nature, 299, 715–717, 1982.
Osborn, G. and Bevis, K.: Glaciation in the Great Basin of the Western United States, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 20, 1377–1410, 2001.
Peer, T., Zheng, L.-J., Neubauer, F., Friedl, G., Hauzenberger, C., and Kasper-Giebl, A.: Mineralogical Composition and Origin of Airborne Dust in an Alpine Environment of Hochtor (Hohe Tauern, Austria): Effects on Pedogenesis, Biological Soil Crusts, and Vascular Plant Growth, Front. Earth Sci., 10, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.871211, 2022.
Petersen, G. W., Cunningham, R. L., and Matelski, R. P.: Moisture characteristics of Pennsylvania soils: II. Soil factors affecting mositure retention within a textural class – silt loam, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 32, 866–870, 1968.
Pourmand, A., Prospero, J. M., and Sharifi, A.: Geochemical fingerprinting of trans-Atlantic African dust based on radiogenic Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes and rare earth element anomalies, Geology, 42, 675–678, 2014.
PRISM Climate Group: https://prism.oregonstate.edu/, last access: 16 June 2020.
Rea, P., Ma, L., Gill, T. E., Gardea-Torresdey, J., Tamez, C., and Jin, L.: Tracing gypsiferous White Sands aerosols in the shallow critical zone in the northern Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico using and ratios, Geoderma, 372, 114387, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114387, 2020.
Reheis, M. C.: Influence of climate and eolian dust on the major-element chemistry and clay mineralogy of soils in the northern Bighorn Basin, USA, Catena, 17, 219–248, 1990.
Reheis, M. C. and Kihl, R.: Dust deposition in southern Nevada and California, 1984-1989: Relations to climate, source area, and source lithology, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 100, 8893–8918, 1995.
Reheis, M. C., Budahn, J. R., and Lamothe, P. J.: Geochemical evidence for diversity of dust sources in the southwestern United States, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 66, 1569–1587, 2002.
Reynolds, R. L., Mordecai, J. S., Rosenbaum, J. G., Ketterer, M. E., Walsh, M. K., and Moser, K. A.: Compositional changes in sediments of subalpine lakes, Uinta Mountains (Utah): evidence for the effects of human activity on atmospheric dust inputs, J. Paleolimnol., 44, 161–175, 2010.
Ross, M. L., Friedman, J. D., and Huffman, A. C.: Geology of the tertiary intrusive centers of the La Sal mountains, Utah: influence of preexisting structural features on emplacement and morphology. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 2158, 61–83, 1998.
Routson, C. C., Overpeck, J. T., Woodhouse, C. A., and Kenney, W. F.: Three millennia of southwestern North American dustiness and future implications, PloS one, 11, e0149573, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149573, 2016.
Routson, C. C., Arcusa, S. H., McKay, N. P., and Overpeck, J. T.: A 4500-Year-Long Record of Southern Rocky Mountain Dust Deposition, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 8281–8288, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083255, 2019.
Salters, V. J. M. and Stracke, A.: Composition of the depleted mantle, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 5, Q05B07, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GC000597, 2004.
Seager, R., Ting, M., Held, I., Kushnir, Y., Lu, J., Vecchi, G., Huang, H.-P., Harnik, N., Leetmaa, A., and Lau, N.-C.: Model projections of an imminent transition to a more arid climate in southwestern North America, Science, 316, 1181–1184, 2007.
Seager, R., Ting, M., Li, C., Naik, N., Cook, B., Nakamura, J., and Liu, H.: Projections of declining surface-water availability for the southwestern United States, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 482–486, 2013.
Simonson, R. W.: Airborne dust and its significance to soils, Geoderma, 65, 1–43, 1995.
Singh, R., Gupta, I., Raina, R., Mahajan, P., Srivastava, P., Singh, V. K., and Batish, D. R.: Mountain soils and climate change: importance, threats and mitigation measures, in: Understanding Soils of Mountainous Landscapes, Elsevier, edited by: Bhadouria, R., Singh, S., Tripathi, S., and Singh, P., ISBN 9780323959261, 3–21, 2023.
Soderberg, K. and Compton, J. S.: Dust as a Nutrient Source for Fynbos Ecosystems, South Africa, Ecosystems, 10, 550–561, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9032-0, 2007.
Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service: Official Soil Series Descriptions, https://soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/, last access: 6 February 2024.
Stres, B., Sul, W. J., Murovec, B., and Tiedje, J. M.: Recently Deglaciated High-Altitude Soils of the Himalaya: Diverse Environments, Heterogenous Bacterial Communities and Long-Range Dust Inputs from the Upper Troposphere, PLoS one, 8, e76440, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076440, 2013.
Tang, Y., Han, G., Wu, Q., and Xu, Z.: Use of rare earth element patterns to trace the provenance of the atmospheric dust near Beijing, China, Environ. Earth Sci., 68, 871–879, 2013.
Tito, R., Vasconcelos, H. L., and Feeley, K. J.: Mountain ecosystems as natural laboratories for climate change experiments, Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 3, 38, https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.00038, 2020.
Tsai, H., Chen, J.-H., Huang, W.-S., Huang, S.-T., Hseu, Z.-Y., and You, C.-F.: Aeolian additions of podzolic soils on the high-altitude mountains in central Taiwan-sediment origin and pedological implications, Geoderma, 383, 114726, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114726, 2021.
World Imagery – Overview: https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=10df2279f9684e4a9f6a7f08febac2a9, last access: 9 November 2023.
Wu, J., Jenerette, G. D., Buyantuyev, A., and Redman, C. L.: Quantifying spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization: The case of the two fastest growing metropolitan regions in the United States, Ecol. Complex., 8, 1–8, 2011.
Yaalon, D. H. and Ganor, E.: The influence of dust on soils during the Quaternary, Soil Sci., 116, 146–155, 1973.
Zhao, W., Balsam, W., Williams, E., Long, X., and Ji, J.: Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic fingerprinting of transatlantic dust derived from North Africa, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 486, 23–31, 2018.
Zheng, K., Li, Y., Li, Z., and Huang, J.: Provenance tracing of dust using rare earth elements in recent snow deposited during the pre-monsoon season from mountain glaciers in the central to northern Tibetan Plateau, Environ. Sci. Pollut. R., 28, 45765–45779, 2021.
Short summary
This study investigated how the deposition of mineral dust delivered by the wind influences soil development in mountain environments. At six mountain locations in the southwestern United States, modern dust was collected along with samples of soil and local bedrock. Analysis indicates that at all sites the properties of dust and soil are very similar and are very different from underlying rock. This result indicates that soils are predominantly composed of dust delivered by the wind over time.
This study investigated how the deposition of mineral dust delivered by the wind influences soil...