Articles | Volume 10, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-1-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-1-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Original research article
| 
10 Jan 2024
Original research article |
| 10 Jan 2024
| 10 Jan 2024
Thermodynamic and hydrological drivers of the soil and bedrock thermal regimes in central Spain
Faculty of Physical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
Geosciences Institute (IGEO, CSIC-UCM), Madrid, Spain
Jesús Fidel González-Rouco
Faculty of Physical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
Geosciences Institute (IGEO, CSIC-UCM), Madrid, Spain
Thomas Schmid
Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
Camilo Melo-Aguilar
Balearic Ocean Centre, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
Geosciences Institute (IGEO, CSIC-UCM), Madrid, Spain
Norman Julius Steinert
NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre, Climate and Environment, Bergen, Norway
Pedro José Roldán-Gómez
Faculty of Physical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
Geosciences Institute (IGEO, CSIC-UCM), Madrid, Spain
Francisco José Cuesta-Valero
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
Almudena García-García
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
Hugo Beltrami
Climate and Atmospheric Sciences Institute, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Canada
Philipp de Vrese
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
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Cited
9 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Modulating effects of aeolian sand cover on the thermal regime and freeze-thaw processes of seasonally frozen ground on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau W. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111269
- Permafrost sensitivity to soil hydro-thermodynamics in historical and scenario simulations with the MPI-ESM F. García-Pereira et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5959-2025
- High-Temporal-Resolution Modeling of Land Surface Temperature and Groundwater Level Impacts on Shallow Aquifer Thermal Regimes Y. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17071107
- Ice borehole thermometry: sensor placement using greedy optimal sampling K. Shaju et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-14-459-2025
- Deep exploration of soil temperature and moisture dynamics in Europe from surface to depth in the era of global warming R. Sarli et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01111
- Impact of climate change on terrestrial invertebrates - temperature variations in laboratory conditions - from cool to heat waves R. BICHO et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedsph.2025.09.004
- Multidepth soil sensing with an embedded hydrothermal stress index captures stratified stability in hardpan-limited tropical spodosol oil palm systems A. Wiratmoko et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.112026
- Impact of snow cover on the surface energy balance and its contribution to the extreme cold wave in Spain after snowstorm Filomena P. Fernández-Castillo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108015
- New approaches and error assessment to snow cover thickness and density using air temperature data at different heights D. García-Maroto et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171744
9 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Modulating effects of aeolian sand cover on the thermal regime and freeze-thaw processes of seasonally frozen ground on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau W. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111269
- Permafrost sensitivity to soil hydro-thermodynamics in historical and scenario simulations with the MPI-ESM F. García-Pereira et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5959-2025
- High-Temporal-Resolution Modeling of Land Surface Temperature and Groundwater Level Impacts on Shallow Aquifer Thermal Regimes Y. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17071107
- Ice borehole thermometry: sensor placement using greedy optimal sampling K. Shaju et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-14-459-2025
- Deep exploration of soil temperature and moisture dynamics in Europe from surface to depth in the era of global warming R. Sarli et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01111
- Impact of climate change on terrestrial invertebrates - temperature variations in laboratory conditions - from cool to heat waves R. BICHO et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedsph.2025.09.004
- Multidepth soil sensing with an embedded hydrothermal stress index captures stratified stability in hardpan-limited tropical spodosol oil palm systems A. Wiratmoko et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.112026
- Impact of snow cover on the surface energy balance and its contribution to the extreme cold wave in Spain after snowstorm Filomena P. Fernández-Castillo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108015
- New approaches and error assessment to snow cover thickness and density using air temperature data at different heights D. García-Maroto et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171744
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 21 Jul 2026
Short summary
This work addresses air–ground temperature coupling and propagation into the subsurface in a mountainous area in central Spain using surface and subsurface data from six meteorological stations. Heat transfer of temperature changes at the ground surface occurs mainly by conduction controlled by thermal diffusivity of the subsurface, which varies with depth and time. A new methodology shows that near-surface diffusivity and soil moisture content changes with time are closely related.
This work addresses air–ground temperature coupling and propagation into the subsurface in a...
